白介素17单克隆抗体对变应性鼻炎小鼠气道炎症的作用

2019-11-15 08:36董庆喆谷海燕张念凯连媛媛徐禛史海磊姜晓丹
医学信息 2019年19期
关键词:变应性鼻炎小鼠

董庆喆 谷海燕 张念凯 连媛媛 徐禛 史海磊 姜晓丹

摘要:目的  探討白介素17单克隆抗体(IL-17mAb)的不同给予剂量及方式在变应性鼻炎小鼠气道炎症中的作用。方法  将48只小鼠采用随机数字表法分为A、 B、 C、 D、 E、 F组,每组8只。分别于第0、 7、 14 d将20 μg卵清蛋白(OVA)加2 mg铝佐剂腹腔注射处理A、C、D、E及F组小鼠,间隔7 d,第22天开始进行鼻腔激发,每天每侧鼻孔各给予OVA 10 μl(共500 μg)滴鼻,连续7 d。A、C、D、E组小鼠于每次OVA鼻腔激发前1 h分别给予生理盐水、100 ng IL-17mAb、500 ng IL-17mAb、5 μg IL-17mAb滴鼻,F组小鼠于每次OVA鼻腔激发前4 h给予5 μg IL-17mAb腹腔注射,B组小鼠于相同时间点给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射及滴鼻。所有小鼠于最后1次激发后评估鼻部症状学变化,Diff-Quik染色观察鼻腔灌洗液(NLF)中嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况,ELISA方法检测血清及NLF中IL-6、IL-10水平,鼻黏膜组织行甲苯胺蓝染色观察肥大细胞。结果  4周末A组所有小鼠症状学评分均>5分,提示造模成功。F组小鼠的挠鼻及喷嚏次数均少于A组(P<0.05);F组小鼠NLF中嗜酸性粒细胞数、血清IL-6水平低于A组,血清及NLF中IL-10水平均高于A组(P<0.05);E组小鼠血清中IL-10水平高于A组(P<0.05);A组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中肥大细胞数多于B组,统计学意义显著(P<0.01);F组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中肥大细胞数少于A组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);F组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中肥大细胞数与B组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论  高剂量的(5 μg)IL-17mAb腹腔注射处于激发阶段的变应性鼻炎小鼠促使小鼠变应性鼻炎症状明显减轻,鼻腔灌洗液嗜酸性粒细胞减少。促使变应性鼻炎小鼠血清中IL-6表达降低,血清中及鼻腔灌洗液中IL-10表达升高,因此推测这些细胞因子的变化可能抑制Th17/促进Treg的分化,进而对变态反应产生抑制作用。

关键词:白介素17单克隆抗体;鼻炎;变应性;小鼠;气道炎症

中图分类号:R765.21                                文献标识码:A                                 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.19.018

文章编号:1006-1959(2019)19-0058-05

Effect of Interleukin-17 Monoclonal Antibody on Airway Inflammation

in Mice with Allergic Rhinitis

DONG Qing-zhe1,GU Hai-yan2,ZHANG Nian-kai3,LIAN Yuan-yuan3,XU Zhen3,SHI Hai-lei2,JIANG Xiao-dan3

(Department of Biological Specimen1,Department of Pathology2,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery3,

Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao 266003,Shandong,China)

Abstract:Objective  To investigate the effects of different doses and modes of interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody (IL-17mAb) on airway inflammation in mice with allergic rhinitis. Methods  48 mice were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, D, E, and F, with 8 rats in each group. On the 0th, 7th, and 14th d, 20 μg of ovalbumin (OVA) plus 2 mg of aluminum adjuvant were intraperitoneally injected into mice of group A, C, D, E and F at intervals of 7 d. The nasal challenge began on the 22nd d. 10 μl (500 μg total) of OVA was administered to each nostril on each day for 7 d. Group A, C, D, and E mice were given normal saline, 100 ng IL-17 mAb, 500 ng IL-17 mAb, and 5 μg IL-17 mAb nasally 1 h before each OVA nasal challenge. Group F mice were given. 5 μg of IL-17mAb was intraperitoneally injected 4 h before OVA nasal challenge, and group B mice were given the same amount of normal saline intraperitoneal injection and nasal drops at the same time point. All mice were evaluated for nasal symptom changes after the last challenge. Diff-Quik staining was used to observe eosinophil infiltration in nasal lavage fluid (NLF). ELISA was used to detect the level of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum and NLF.The nasal mucosa was stained with toluidine blue for observation of mast cells.Results  After 4 weeks, all mice in group A had a symptoms score of >5, suggesting successful modeling. The number of sneezing and sneezing in group F was lower than that in group A (P<0.05). The number of eosinophils  in NLF and serum IL-6 of group F were lower than those in group A, IL-10 in serum and NLF of group F was higher than that of group A (P<0.05). The level of IL-10 in serum of group E was higher than that of group A (P<0.05). The number of mast cells in nasal mucosa of group A was higher than that of group B,the difference was significant (P<0.01). The number of mast cells in nasal mucosa of group F was less than that of group A, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The number of mast cells in nasal mucosa of group F was similar to group B,there was no significant difference in the B group (P>0.05). Conclusion  High-dose (5μg) IL-17mAb intraperitoneal injection of allergic rhinitis mice in the stimulating phase promotes a significant reduction in allergic rhinitis in mice and a decrease in eosinophils in nasal lavage fluid. Decrease the expression of IL-6 in the serum of mice with allergic rhinitis, and increase the expression of IL-10 in serum and nasal lavage fluid. Therefore, it is speculated that changes in these cytokines may inhibit Th17/promoting the differentiation of Treg, thereby inhibiting allergic reactions.

Key words:Interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody;Rhinitis;Allergic;Mouse;Airway inflammation

变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是特应性机体接触过敏原后主要由IgE介导的多种细胞因子参与的鼻黏膜非感染性疾病,是常见呼吸道慢性疾病[1]。有资料表明,AR与Th1、Th2、Th17和Treg等细胞参与的免疫失衡有着密切联系[2]。白细胞介素17A(IL-17A)是近年发现的由Th17等多种细胞产生的细胞因子,可以募集炎症细胞,参与炎症性疾病。研究表明IL-17A参与变应性鼻炎的发病过程,促进嗜酸性粒细胞分泌相关炎症因子,增强嗜酸性粒细胞活   性[3]。本研究拟通过体内试验探讨白介素17单克隆抗体(IL-17mAb)不同剂量及给药方式对变应性鼻炎小鼠模型气道炎症过程中的效应及相关机制。

1材料与方法

1.1主要试剂及仪器  铝佐剂(Thermo),卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA,Ⅲ级,Sigma),IL-17单克隆抗体(Sigma),IL-6及IL-10 ELISA试剂盒(Elabscience),紫外分光光度仪(Beckman,DUR640),Diff-Quik试剂盒(Solarbio),全电动智能显微镜(Olympus,BX63),细胞离心涂片机(Thermo scientific shandon cytospin 4)。

1.2实验动物及分组处理  SPF级BALB/c小鼠48只,6~8周龄,雌性,20~25 g,购自济南朋悦实验动物繁育有限公司,实验前给予适应性饲养1周。所有实验操作通过青岛大学附属医院伦理委员会批准。将48只小鼠采用随机数字法分为A、B、C、D、E和F组,每组8只,分别于第0、7、14天将20 μg OVA加2 mg铝佐剂腹腔注射处理A、C、D、E及F组小鼠,间隔7 d,第22天开始进行鼻腔激发,每天每侧鼻孔各给予OVA 10 μl(共500 μg)滴鼻,连续7 d。A、C、D、E组小鼠于每次OVA鼻腔激发前1 h分别给予生理盐水(每侧鼻孔各10 μl)、100 ng IL-17 mAb(浓度5 μg/ml,每侧鼻孔各10 μl)、500 ng IL-17mAb(浓度25 μg/ml,每侧鼻孔各10 μl)、5 μg IL-17mAb(浓度250 μg/ml,每侧鼻孔各10 μl)滴鼻,F组小鼠于每次OVA鼻腔激发前4 h给予5 μg IL-17mAb腹腔注射(浓度50 μg/ml,100 μl),B组小鼠于相同时间点给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射及滴鼻。

1.3癥状学评分  于4周末最后1次鼻腔激发完成后观察30 min并进行叠加计分评价动物模型症状,根据如下标准计分,挠鼻1~5次计1分,6~15次计2分,>15次计3分;喷嚏1~3个计1分, 4~10个计2分,>10个计3分;流涕至前鼻孔计1分,流出前鼻孔计2分,涕流满面计3分;总分如超过5分,表示造模成功。

1.4血清IL-6及IL-10含量测定  于4周末最后   1次激发完成后24 h,各组小鼠腹腔注射10%水合氯醛(4 μl/g)麻醉后,摘眼球取全血于EP管中,4℃离心机,3000 r/min,离心10 min,留取血清-80℃储存备用。ELISA法检测血清中IL-6、IL-10的含量(按照说明书逐步操作)。

1.5鼻腔灌洗液(nasal lavage fluid,NLF)嗜酸性粒细胞计数及上清液中IL-6、IL-10含量测定  所有小鼠取血后断头处死,将头部皮肤剥离,剪除下颌骨,将鼻咽部暴露,移液器取500 μl PBS溶液自鼻咽部开口处缓慢滴入鼻腔,自前鼻孔收集NLF,重复     2 次。4℃离心机,5000 r/min,离心15 min,将上清

-80℃储存备用。沉淀物用200 μl PBS重悬,置于细胞离心涂片机,600 r/min,离心6 min。自然晾干后进行Diff-Quik染色,封片,计算嗜酸性粒细胞数,判断嗜酸性粒细胞的标准为分叶核,并且细胞质中有嗜酸性颗粒。ELISA法检测NLF上清液中IL-6及IL-10的含量(按照说明书逐步操作)。

1.6鼻黏膜组织中肥大细胞计数  将小鼠鼻部组织置于4%的多聚甲醛溶液中固定48 h,流水冲洗组织4 h,然后置于20%的EDTANa脱钙液中进行脱钙。待脱钙完成后,给予石蜡包埋,切片。将鼻黏膜组织行甲苯胺蓝染色,于低倍镜下鼻黏膜上皮下固有层选取5个阳性细胞多的区域,高倍镜下计数细胞数(选取10个高倍镜,×400),取每高倍镜视野下的均数。计算肥大细胞数,显微镜下肥大细胞胞质呈异染性紫红色。

1.7统计学处理  采用SPSS 22.0 软件进行分析,数据采用M(P25,P75)表示,非参数Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行多重比较。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义,P<0.01表示统计学意义显著。

2结果

2.1症状学评分比较  4周末A组所有小鼠症状学评分均>5分,按照上述行为学评分标准,表示造模成功。A、B、C、D、E、F组评分分别为7.0(6.3,8.0)、1.5(1.0,2.8)、8.0(7.0,8.8)、6.5(6.0,7.8)、5.5(4.3,6.0)及3.0(3.0,4.8)分。F组小鼠的挠鼻及喷嚏次数少于A组,差异有统计学意义(H=23.312,P=0.013;H=23.812,P=0.010),见表1。

2.2 NLF中嗜酸性粒细胞数比较  A组小鼠NLF中嗜酸性粒细胞数高于B组,统计学意义显著(H=30.750,P=0.000)。F组小鼠NLF中嗜酸性粒细胞数低于A组,差异有统计学意义(H=21.625,P=0.030),见图1。

2.3血清及NLF中IL-6、IL-10含量比較  A组小鼠血清及NLF中IL-6水平高于B组,差异有统计学意义(H=21.562,P=0.031;H=26.250,P=0.003),A组小鼠NLF中IL-10水平低于B组,差异有统计学意义(H=22.125,P=0.024),A组小鼠血清中IL-10水平低于B组,但差异无统计学意义(H=17.375,P=0.196)。F组小鼠血清中IL-6水平低于A组,差异有统计学意义(H=22.500,P=0.020)。F组小鼠血清及NLF中IL-10水平高于A组,差异有统计学意义(H=26.938,P=0.002;H=24.250,P=0.008)。E组小鼠血清中IL-10水平高于A组,差异有统计学意义(H=21.688,P=0.029),见图2。

2.4鼻黏膜组织中肥大细胞表达情况  A组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中肥大细胞数多于B组,统计学意义显著(H=28.312,P=0.001)。F组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中肥大细胞数少于A组,但差异无统计学意义(H=17.062,P=0.222),F组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中肥大细胞数与B组比较,差异无统计学意义(H=11.250,P=1.000),见图3、图4。

3讨论

IL-17A是Th17细胞分泌的主要细胞因子,可诱导内皮细胞、上皮细胞、成纤维细胞合成和分泌IL-6、IL-8等细胞因子,是一种致炎细胞因子[4]。在多种慢性炎症性疾病、变态反应及自身免疫性疾病的发生发展中有着重要的作用[5]。有多个研究显示了IL-17A在变应性鼻炎发病中的作用[6,7]。顾兆伟等[8]使用10 μg的IL-17A抗体于每次OVA激发前30 min滴鼻,发现IL-17A抗体可以抑制变应性鼻炎鼠模型中IL-17A及Th17细胞转录因子RORγtmRNA表达水平,升高Treg细胞转录因子Foxp3 mRNA表达水平,但是关于变应性鼻炎小鼠症状学及炎症细胞的影响没有进行研究和分析,只对这个抗体浓度进行了研究。为了寻找更有效的抗体浓度及给药方式,在本研究中探讨了不同浓度及给药方式下IL-17mAb在变应性鼻炎小鼠模型气道炎症中的作用,发现F组小鼠挠鼻及喷嚏次数均少于A组(P<0.05),鼻腔灌洗液中嗜酸性粒细胞数少于A组(P<0.05)。为今后IL-17mAb在治疗变应性鼻炎的研究中奠定了一定的基础。

IL-6主要由T淋巴细胞、单核巨噬细胞、B淋巴细胞等所分泌,在激活与调节免疫细胞,介导T、B细胞活化、分化、增殖及炎症反应中起重要作用[9]。已有研究证实Treg细胞通过抑制Th2、Th17细胞分化,在变态反应性疾病中起到负调节的作用[2,10],而IL-6具有诱导Th17抑制Treg分化的作用[11]。IL-10能抑制多种促炎细胞因子、黏附分子和趋化因子的表达,具有抗炎作用。IL-10在Treg的分化和功能行使中也起着非常重要的作用。Treg细胞可通过分泌细胞因子IL-10和/或TGF-β来抑制抗原特异性免疫应答,使机体在一定条件下产生免疫耐受[12,13]。本研究发现,变应性鼻炎小鼠血清及鼻腔灌洗液中IL-6水平均高于正常对照组(P<0.05);鼻腔灌洗液中IL-10水平低于正常对照组(P<0.05);5 μg的IL-17mAb腹腔注射干预后使得变应性鼻炎小鼠血清中IL-6水平降低(P<0.05);血清及鼻腔灌洗液中IL-10水平均升高(P<0.05);5 μg的IL-17mAb滴鼻亦使变应性鼻炎小鼠血清中IL-10水平升高(P<0.05),进而对变应性鼻炎小鼠气道炎症起到了保护作用。

综上所述,高剂量的(5 μg)IL-17mAb腹腔注射处于激发阶段的变应性鼻炎小鼠,促使小鼠变应性鼻炎症状明显减轻,鼻腔灌洗液嗜酸性粒细胞减少并促使变应性鼻炎小鼠血清中IL-6表达降低,血清中及鼻腔灌洗液中IL-10表达升高,因此推测这些细胞因子的变化可能抑制Th17/促进Treg的分化,进而对变态反应产生抑制作用。本研究不足之处在于腹腔注射组没有进行不同剂量的对比研究,没有探讨出效价更好的剂量,有待于今后的工作中进一步研究。

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[8]顧兆伟,王韫秀,赵鹤,等.IL-17A抗体抑制变应性鼻炎鼠模型中IL-17A及RORγt并升高Foxp3 mRNA表达[J].临床与病理杂志,2016,36(12):1986-1990.

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