Lichun ZHAO Chanling JIANGJunxiu LI
Abstract [Objectives] This study was conducted to further reveal the chemical basis of the anti tumor pharmacological activity of pratia.
[Methods] The chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of pratia was systematically studied by macroporous resin column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH 20 repeated silica gel column chromatography and spectroscopy.
[Results] Eight compounds were separated from the ethyl acetate extract of pratia, among which six were identified, namely diosmin (1), diosmetin (2), linarin (3), quercetin (4), apigenin (5) and luteolin (6). All the compounds were separated from this plant for the first time.
[Conclusions] This study provides reference for the identification of the physiological activity of pratia.
Key words Pratia; Chemical composition; Flavonoids
Pratia refers to the dry whole plant of Pratia begonafolia (Wall) Lindl. or P. nummularia (Lam.) A. Br. et Aschers, also known as Xiaotongchui, Dikouzi, Tongchuicao, Dishiliu, etc. It is a herbaceous plant in Campanulaceae, which can be eaten as a wild vegetable[1-3]. Pratia has the effects of dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, promoting blood circulation and relieving internal heat or fever, and can be used to treat rheumatic pain, bruises, acute mastitis and innominate inflammation of unknown origin[4].
In order to further reveal the chemical base of pratia and to develop its active components, a more in depth study was conducted on the chemical composition of its ethyl acetate extract.
Materials and Methods
Instruments and reagents
The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum was measured by Bruker DRX 500 NMR spectrometer (TMS was used as the internal standard). The column chromatography material was 100-200 mesh G type silica gel produced by Qingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Ltd. Sephadex LH 20 was produced by Beijing Maidi Biology Co., Ltd. RP 18 was purchased from Merck. Thin layer chromatography material was silica gel G type silica gel column chromatography reagent produced by Qingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Ltd. Dichloromethane and methanol were chemical products of Beijing Chemical Works, both chemically pure.
Experimental materials
The aboveground part of pratia was identified by Professor Zheng from the College of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University.
Extraction and separation
1 kg of dry pratia was pulverized and sieved with a 40 mesh sieve. The powder was reflux extracted with 5 times of methanol for 3 times, 3 h each time. After filtration, the filtrates were merged and concentrated under reduced pressure to recover methanol, and the obtained extract was about 189 g. The extract was suspended with water, obtaining the suspension which was extracted with petroleum ether (60-90 ℃), ethyl acetate and n butanol, respectively, 3 times each. After each time of extraction, the liquid was stood thoroughly. After the recovery of the solvents, the ethyl acetate extract was 51 g. The ethyl acetate extract was subjected to silica gel column chromatography which adopted gradient elution using a dichloromethane methanol system (20∶1→15∶1→10∶1), and the solvent was recovered under reduced pressure. Five fractions were obtained in total, and component 2 was further separated by silica gel column chromatography, and finally separated by Sephadex LH 20 using methanol as the mobile phase.
Structure identification
Compound 1
It is kind of faint yellow powder (methanol), which is yellowish green in 1% ferric chloride solution, yellow in 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and is positive in the Molish reaction and hydrochloric acid magnesium powder reaction, with 1H NMR(DMSO d 6,500 MHz) δ: 12.94(1H, s, 5 OH), 7.57 (1H, dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, H 6′), 7.44 (1H, J=2.0 Hz, H 2′),7.13(1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H 5′), 6.80(1H, s, H 3), 6.76(1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H 8), 6.46 (1H, d, J=2.0Hz, H 6), 5.07(1H, d, J=6.8Hz,H 1″of glucose), 4.56(1H, brs, H 1 of rhamnose); 13 C NMR(DM SO d 6, 125 MHz) δ:162.9 (C 2), 105.4 (C 3),181.8(C 4), 156.9 (C 5), 99.5 (C 6), 164.1 (C 7), 94.7 (C 8), 161.1 (C 9), 103. 8(C 10), 118.9(C 1′), 113.1 (C 2′), 146.7 (C 3′), 151.3 (C 4′),1l2.2 (C 5′), 122.8 (C 6′), 55.7 ( OCH 3), Glu:99.9 (C 1″), 73.0 (C 2″), 76.2 (C 3″), 69.5 (C 4″), 75.6 (C 5″), 66.0 (C 6″), Rha:100.4(C 1),70. 2(C 2), 70.8 (C 3), 72.0 (C 4), 68. 2 (C 5), 17.7(C 6). Above physical and chemical properties and spectral data are basically consistent with literature[5], so the compound was determined to be diosmin.
Compound 2
It is in the form of yellow acicular crystal with mp 253-255 ℃. The compound is positive in the hydrochloric acid magnesium powder reaction, and gives ESI MS m/z:301[M+1]+, and H NMR(500MHz, d Pyr) δ:13.77 (1H, s, 5 OH), 7.66 (1H, dd, J=2.0, 8.3 Hz, H 6), 7.61 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H 2), 7.57 (1H, d, J:8.3 Hz, H 5), 6.9 5(1H, s, H 3), 6.85(1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H 8), 6.75(1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H 6), 3.82(3H, s, OCH 3);C NMR(125 MHz, d Pyr) δ:182.76 (C 4), 165.88 (C 2), 164.56 (C 7), 158.59 (C 5), 152.43(C 9), 149.32 (C 3), 149.01(C 4), 122.96 (C 1), 122.65 (C 6), 121.35 (C 5), 116.98 (C 2), 110.45 (C 10), 105.06 (C 3), 104.25 (C 6), 94.96 (C 8), 56.0 9(OCH). The above spectral data are basically consistent with the corresponding data of diosmetin reported in literature[5], and the compound was identified as diosmetin.
Compound 3
It is a kind of white powdery crystal (methanol), with mp 264-266 ℃, yellow in 10% sulfuric acid ethanol, showing yellow fluorescence under UV light, exhibiting glucose, rhamnose and acacetin through thin layer hydrolysis. It gives ESI MS m/z 615[M+Na] +1 , and H NMR(DMSO d 6, 500MHz) δ: 12.92 (1H, s, 5 OH), 8.06 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz, H 2′,6′),7.15 (2H, d, J=9.0 Hz, H 3′,5′), 6.96 (1H, s, H 3), 6.80 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H 8), 6.46(1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H 6), 3.87 (3H, s, 4′ OMe), 5.44 (1H, d, J=1.0 Hz, H 1 of rha), 5.07 (1H, d, J=7.0 Hz, H 1 of glc), 1.08 (3H, d, J=6.3 Hz , 6 CH3 of rha). According to literature[6], the compound was identified as linarin.
Compound 4
It is a kind of yellowish green powder (chloroform methanol), with mp 308-310 ℃. It is positive in the hydrochloric acid magnesium powder reaction, and negative in the Molish reaction. The powder gives EI MS m/z:302[M]+, and H NMR(CD 3OD, 500 MHz) δ:7.72(1H, d, J=2.0Hz, H 2), 7.61 (1H, dd, J=2.0, 8.5Hz, H 6), 6.88 (1H, d, J=8.5Hz, H 5) , 6.38 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H 8), 6.17 (1H, d, J= 2.0 Hz , H 6)。"C NMR(CD 3OD, 125MHz) δ:148.5(C 2), 137.7 (C 3 ), 177.8 (C 4), 163.0 (C 5), 99.7 (C 6), 166.1 (C 7), 94.0 (C 8), 158.7 (C 9), 105.0 (C 10), 124.7(C 1), 116.2(C 2), 14.7(C 3),14.3 (C 4), 116.7(C 5), 122.1 (C 6). The above data are consistent with the literature[7], and the compound was identified as quercetin.
Compound 5
The compound is in the form of faint yellow powder (methanol), with mp 347-349 ℃. It is freely soluble in methanol and ethanol, and is positive in the hydrochloric acid magnesium powder reaction. It gives ESI MS, m/z 270[M]+, and H N MR(500MHz,DMSO d 6):δ12.95 (1H,s,5 OH),10.76,10.80 (2H,br.s,4′ OH和7 OH),7.94(2H, d,J=8.5 Hz,H 2,6),6.91 (z[ i,d,J=8.5 Hz,H 3, 5),6.92 (1H, s,H 3),6.49 (1H,d,J=2.0Hz,H.8),6.18(1,d,J=2.0Hz,H 6)."C NMR(125MHz,DMSO d 6)6:181.8(C4),164.3(C 2), 163.9(C 7),161.66(C 9),161.33(C4),157.5(C 5),128.6(C 2, 6),116.1(C 3, 5),102.9 (C 3),98.9 (C 8),94.1 (C 6). The above data are consistent with the literature[8], and the compound was identified as apigenin.
Compound 6
The compound is a yellow powder (methanol), with mp 330-331℃. It is freely soluble in ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol, and is positive in the hydrochloric acid magnesium powder reaction. It gives ESI MS, m/z 286[M]+, and H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO d 6) δ: 12.95 (1H, s, 5 OH), 7.40 (2H, m, H 2, 6), 6.88 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H 5), 6.64 (1H, s, H 3) , 6.42 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H 8), 6.16 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H 6). 13C NMR (125MHz, DMSO d 6):181.7 (C 4), 164.6 (C 7), 164.0 (C 2), 161.6 (C 9), 157.5 (C 5), 150.1(C 3),145.9 (C 4), 121.5 (C 6) ,119.1 (C 1) 116.2 (C 5), 113.5 (C 2), 102.9 (C 3), 99.0 (C 6) , 94.0 (C 8). The above data are consistent with the literature[8], and the compound was identified as luteolin.
Conclusions
In this study, eight compounds were separated from the ethyl acetate extract of pratia, among which six were identified, namely diosmin (1), diosmetin (2), linarin (3), quercetin (4), apigenin (5) and luteolin (6), providing a theoretical basis for the development of pharmacological activity of pratia.
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