陈力 陈文红 郭世伟 温放 税玉民
Abstract:The newly refined genus PetrocodonHance (Gesneriaceae), mainly distributed from South China to Southwest China, is comprised of 34 species and one variety. A new species, Petrocodon tenuitubusW. H. Chen, F. Wen & Y. M. Shui, distributed in the limestone region from Maguan County, Yunnan Province, China, is illustrated and described here. The new species is similar to P. lui, P. hispidusand P. jasminiflorus, but it can be easily distinguished from P. luiand P. hispidusby its slender and curved corolla tube, three linear to lanceolate bracts and bracteoles, and one disc-shaped stigma. And it also can be easily distinguished from P. jasminiflorusby its ovate to orbicular leaves, ovate corolla lobes with obtuse apex, bracts and bracteoles 3, and staminodes 1. The discovery of this new species has certain significance for promoting the excavation of the resources of the Gesneriaceae in limestone area of China. The holotype and paratype specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KUN); isotype specimens is deposited in Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany (IBK).
Key words: flora of Yunnan, limestone cave, new taxon, Petrocodon, taxonomy
中圖分类号:Q949
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-3142(2019)05-0574-07
摘 要:最近被重新界定的广义石山苣苔属(PetrocodonHance)是苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)一个中等大小的属,我国目前已知的有34种1变种,主要分布于我国华南至西南石灰岩地区。该文报道了于云南东南部马关县发现的该属一新种——细管石山苣苔(Petrocodon tenuitubusW. H. Chen, F. Wen & Y. M. Shui)。该新种在形态上与陆氏细筒苣苔(P. lui)、细筒苣苔(P. hispidus)和长檐苣苔(P. jasminiflorus)相似,但其线形或披针形的苞片和小苞片均为3枚,花冠筒细小且弯曲,盘形柱头1,很容易区别于陆氏细筒苣苔和细筒苣苔;而其叶片卵形至圆形,花冠裂片卵形而尖端钝以及退化雄蕊3,则显著区别于长檐苣苔。该新种的发现对推进我国石灰岩地区苦苣苔科植物资源的发掘具有一定意义。主模式标本存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN),等模式标本存放于广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK)。
关键词: 云南植物区系, 石灰岩洞穴, 新分类群, 石山苣苔属, 分类学
1 Introduction
Genus PetrocodonHance (Gesneriaceae), mainly distributed from South China to Southwest China, is comprised of 34 species and one variety (IPNI 2018). Sixteen species from other eight genera, viz. CalcareoboeaC. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li, DidymocarpusWall., DolicholomaD. Fang & W. T. Wang, LagarosolenW. T. Wang, ParalagarosolenY. G. Wei, PrimulinaHance, TengiaChun and WentsaiboeaD. Fang & D. H. Qin (Liu et al., 2011; Weber et al., 2011; Clark et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2014; Mller et al., 2016), were merged into this genus and 17 new species of genus Petrocodonpublished in the last more than ten years (Wei, 2007; Jiang et al., 2011; Wen et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2014; Hong et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2014; Li & Wang, 2015; Yu et al., 2015; Guo et al., 2016; Cen et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2017a, 2017b; IPNI, 2018; Zhang et al., 2018).
2 Materials and Methods
In October 2016, when the surveys about plant diversity were conducted in Maguan County, Yunnan Pro-vince, China, some of authors (YMS, WHC & SWG) collected an unknown species of Petrocodonfrom the limestone area. According to the previous research (Wang, 1984a, 1984b; Pan, 1988; Wang, 1990, 1992; Wang, et al., 1998; Li & Wang, 2004; Wei et al., 2010; Weber et al., 2011; Clark et al., 2013) and the specimens of KUN, PE, IBK, we confirmed that the species was new to science. And its shapes of corolla and curved tube were slightly similar to P. lui(Yan Liu & W. B. Xu) A. Weber & Mich. Mller (Xu et al., 2010; Weber et al., 2011), and its characters of leaf were close toP. hispidus(W. T. Wang) A. Weber & Mich. Mller (Wang, 1984b, 1990; Weber et al., 2011), and its corolla tube and stigma were similar toP. jasminiflorus(D. Fang et W. T. Wang) A. Weber & Mich. Mller (Wang, 1990; Wang et al., 1998; Weber et al., 2011). But it can be distinguished from P. luiby several characters, such as the leaf shape, the number of inflorescences cymes, bracts, bracteoles, and stigma, as well as the indumentum of leaves, inflorescences and flower (Xu et al., 2010), and differs from P. hispidusby the number of inflorescences cymes, bracts, bracteoles and stigma, the shape of calyx, corolla and ovary, as well as the indumentum of inflorescences and flower (Wang, 1984b, 1990; Wang et al., 1998), and differs from P. jasminiflorusby the leaves characteristics, the shape of corolla, the number of bracts, bracteole and staminodes, as well as the indumentum of leaves, inflorescences and flower. Hence, we describe and illustrate it as a new species, P. tenuitubus, endemic to the limeston region in Yunnan Province, Southwest China.
3 Taxonomy treatment
Petrocodon tenuitubus W. H. Chen, F. Wen & Y. M. Shui, sp. nov. (Fig. 1-2)
Type: China, Yunnan Province: Maguan County, Jinchang Community, 104°29′17″ E, 22°46′29″ N, alt. 1 835 m, 29 Oct. 2016, W. H. Chen, S.W. Guoet al., JCL03-011 (holotype, KUN; isotype, IBK).
Diagnosis: P. tenuitubus is morphologically related toP. lui,P. hispidus andP. jasminiflorus, but it can be easily distinguished from P. lui andP. hispidusby its slender and curved corolla tube, the number of bracts, bracteole and stigma, as well as the indumentum of inflorescences and flower. And it also can be easily distinguished from P. jasminiflorus by its leaves characteristics, the shape of corolla, the number of bracts, bracteole and stami-nodes, as well as the indumentum of leaves, inflorescences and flower.
Description: Herbs perennial. Rhizomes 1.0-3.0 cm long, 0.8-1.8 cm in diam. Leaves 5-15, basal; petiolate 0.7-3.5 cm, adaxially green, abaxially reddish-brown, strigose. Leaf blade ovate to orbicular, herbaceous, 2.6-6.8 × 2.0-5.1 cm, obtuse at apex, cordate symmetrically or asymmetrically at base, with crenate margin; adaxially deeply green to yellowish green, densely strigose; abaxially yellowish green to reddish-brown, tomentose; lateral veins pinnate 3-6 pairs, impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially, abaxially bristly. Inflorescences, cymes 1-3, axillary, with 7-15 flowers; peduncles 3.0-6.0 cm long, glandular hairs. Bracts 3, linear to lanceolate, 0.4-0.8 × 0.1-0.3 cm, adaxially tomentose; bracteoles 3, linear to lanceolate, 0.2-0.6 × 0.1-0.2 cm across, adaxially tomentose. Pedicel 0.2-0.6 cm long, densely glandular hairs. Calyx 5-lobed near to the base, lobes linear to lanceolate; lobes equal, 0.3-0.5 × ca. 0.1 cm, densely glandular hairs abaxially. Corolla infundibuliform, pale purple to purple, 1.2-3.6 cm long, throat with a yellow laminar; tube slender, curved, slightly longer than limb, 0.7-1.6 cm long, ca. 0.2 cm in diam. at base and ca. 0.1 cm in the middle, 0.6-0.8 cm in diam. at throat, outside and throat glandular hairs and inside glabrous; limb 5-lipped, adaxial lip 2-lobed, narrowly ovate, apex subacute or obtuse, 0.9-1.1 × 0.5-0.6 cm, abaxial lip 3-lobed, ovate, apex obtuse, 1.2-1.5 × 0.6-0.8 cm, outside and inside sparsely glandular hairs. Stamens 2, included, adnate at 3-9 mm above the tube base; filament ca. 1 mm long, white, glabrous; anthers oblong, white, glabrous, ca. 1.0 × 0.8 mm, with longitudinal stripe, dorsifixed, confluent apically. Stami-nodes 3, ca. 0.1 mm long, adnate at 2-8 mm above the corolla tube base. Pistil 4-10 mm long, glandular hairs; ovary ovoid, 1-2 mm long, 1-1.5 mm in diam., glandular hairs; disc ringlike, 0.3 mm; stigma 1, disc-shaped, 0.5-1 mm long. Mature fruit not seen.
Etymology: The new species is named by the characteristics of the long and thin corolla tubes.
Vernacular name: Xì Guǎn Shí Shān Jù Tái (細管石山苣苔).
Distribution, habitat and phenology: The new species, Petrocodon tenuitubus, grows under the cliff with only one population in Maguan County of Southeast Yunnan, China. There are some companion species of the new species, such asSaxifraga mengtzeanaEngl. & Irmsch., Mazus pulchellus Hemsl. ex Forbes & Hemsl., Aleuritopteris pseudofarinosa Ching & S. K. Wu. Flowering period occurs from October to November.
Paratype: China, Yunnan Province: Maguan County,Jinchang Community,104°29′17″ E,22°46′29″ N,alt. 1 835 m,10 Nov. 2017, S. W. Guoet al., JCL05-002 (KUN).
4 Discussion
The genus Petrocodonis endemic to the limestone regions in South China andNorth Vietnam with habitat fragmentation. Several years ago, two species of Petrocodonwere discovered in Maguan County and published (Chen et al., 2014). Like species of Petrocodon, the three species in Maguan county has the fragment and narrow habitat with a small population (Wang, 1984b, 1990; Wang et al., 1998; Xu et al., 2010; Weber et al., 2011).
The new species grows under the limestone cliff among the non-limestone mountain in the bordering regions between China and Vietnam. The plants with less than 80 individuals grow on rock faces of the limestone cave near to a road. Because the plants grow beside a new road and their habitat can be easily destroyed. We suggest that it should be classified as “Critically Endangered”: CR B1ab (iii)+2ab (iii), after consulting the IUCN red list categories and criteria (IUCN 2012).
Acknowledgments We have so many thanks to Ms. HONG Mengchen and Mr. XI Huihui in Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences for their help in field surveys.
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