ICMA中国之旅ICMA China Center Study Tours

文/比尔·莫纳汉（Bill Monahan） 译/张佳艺 供图/罗丽军

国际城市管理协会（ICMA）是全球城市市政官的会员机构，总部设在华盛顿特区，目前有1.2万名会员。2018年9月底，ICMA一年一度的年会在美国马里兰州巴尔的摩市举行，逾3000名会员出席了此次年会。

International City/County Management Association (ICMA), is a membership organization of over 12,000 city managers based in Washington, D.C. (Annually, the association holds an annual conference, with the 2018 conference held in late September in Baltimore, Maryland, the U.S. Over 3,000 members attended.)

ICMA国际委员会的分支机构遍布世界各地，当然也包括中国。自2011年起，ICMA与中国政法大学合作，共同管理ICMA中国中心。中心旨在通过提供信息与服务，以提高中国城市管理质量。此外，来自世界各地的ICMA专业人士都有机会参加ICMA中国中心的项目，了解、学习中国城市化高速度、大规模发展的实践经验。

The International Committee of ICMA has affiliations around the world, including in China. Since 2011, ICMA has partnered with the China University of Political Science and Law to operate the ICMA China Center. The mission of the Center is to improve the quality of city management in China by providing information and services. In addition, through the Center's programs, ICMA's professionals from around the world have had the opportunity to learn from Chinese experience with rapid, large scale urbanization.

2014年，ICMA国际委员会在中国扬州成功召开春季会议。此后，ICMA中国中心组织了4次对中国城市的访问之旅。2015年，访问正式启动，最初只有5名成员加入，分别是前ICMA执行总裁鲍勃·奥尼尔、中心执行主任罗丽军、ICMA亚洲区主任卡瑞尔·磐蒂·丝拉妲和其他两名ICMA会员。最近两年每次访问团人数已突破20人。

In 2014, the ICMA International Committee held a highly successful spring meeting in Yangzhou, China. Since then, the Center has conducted four Center study tours to Chinese cities. The Center tours started in 2015 with a group of five: former ICMA Executive Director Bob O'Neill, Center Executive Director Luo Lijun, ICMA Regional Director for Asia Shraddha Kharel-Pandey, and two ICMA member participants.Member participation has increased to over twenty in each tour of the last two years.

一般情况下，访问于每年4月进行。起初，每个访问团的始发地为深圳或青岛，终点为北京。但随着中美土地工程合作会议的召开，访问连续三年在西安落幕。兵马俑等古都西安的其他历史遗迹成为必去景点，这无形中为行程增添了无穷魅力。

Typically, the tours are held in April. The original gathering point for each tour has been either Shenzhen or Qingdao. Initially, the end point was Beijing, but in each of the last three years the tour has concluded in Xi'an with the Sino-America Land Engineering Cooperation Conference. Following the last three conferences the trips were enhanced with a tour of the terra cotta warriors and other historic features of the ancient capital city of Xi'an.

访问之旅概况

访问的主要内容包括：参加会议，发表演讲，与当地政府官员会晤商讨，参观工业、历史遗迹与政府设施等。

所有参访成员每年都至少有一次与会演讲的机会。如在聚焦于城市治理大数据、城市管理系统升级、城市管理安全强化、智能交通与城市发展的2018年ICMA青岛年会上，众多访问者登台演讲。在深圳召开的外国专家会议上的发言状况也如此，在广州还有人围绕旅游与休闲游径的使用发表讲话。

Tour Content

The typical things during the tour are: attend conference sessions, perform speaking roles, meet and discuss issues with local government officials, and engage in tours of industries, historic sites, government facilities, etc.

Each year, all tour participants have been given at least one speaking opportunity at a conference. Last year most tour participants spoke at the 2018 ICMA Qingdao Annual Conference where the focus was big data in urban governance, upgrading urban management systems,strengthening of urban management and security, and intelligent transportation and urban development. Several tour participants spoke at the Foreign Experts conference sponsored by Shenzhen SAFEA. Others spoke in Guangzhou on the topics of tourism and recreational use of trails.

访问团时而聚合为整体，时而分散成小组，与当地官员共同出席了很多议程丰富的会议。2018年在青岛，访问团被分为四个小组。我和ICMA前主席李·费尔德曼参观了市北区城市治理中心，深入到民众中去，感受社区中心为市民提供的各种项目与服务（回收、太极、舞蹈、唱歌、医疗、工艺品、电脑使用等）。其他成员参观了一些示范智慧城市与历史街区。作为团队整体，我们全员走访了小区新建的城市管理指挥中心，体验用以提供服务并解决消费者投诉的大数据先进技术。

访问团还参观了很多项目设施。深圳市耗资巨大的填海造陆项目为初创企业拓宽创新空间，青岛港口为容纳游轮提供发展便利，青岛大数据中心致力于社区服务协调与跟踪。

Tour participants have engaged in informative meetings with officials either as a full group or in smaller units. In 2018 in Qingdao, for example, the group was broken up into four teams. Former ICMA President Lee Feldman and I visited the Shibei District Urban Governance Center where we met citizen participants and observed a wide range of programs and services (recycling, tai chi, dance, singing, medical, crafts,computer use, etc.) offered at their neighborhood community center for citizens of the district. Others visited a smart city demonstration or a historical district. As a group, we all visited the new urban management command center of the district where we observed state of the art use of big data in delivering services and addressing consumer complaints.

Tour participants also visited many projects and facilities. Shenzhen's ambitious coastal reclamation project develops innovation space for startup businesses; Qingdao's port is built to accommodate cruise ships;Qingdao's new big data center is used for community service coordination and tracking.

与中国企业、政府的合作

有赖于2016年至2018年ICMA中国中心组织建立的ICMA访问团，我们得以同各大企业和地方政府建立牢固的合作关系。例如，2016年我们访问陕西土地工程建设集团，参加了自2016年起成为年度会议的中国土地工程交流大会。随后，陕西土地工程建设集团派团赴旧金山与匹兹堡参加了ICMA组织的培训，学习“棕地”概念与技术。2017年，我们组建了技术团队进一步研究开发土地污染治理技术。经双方共同努力，陕西土地集团成为ICMA首个国际赞助商，寻求在土地整治、生态研究、管理等方面的合作。自合作关系建立以来，ICMA于2016—2018年派出40余名课题专家与城市管理人员访问陕西土地集团，为陕西省土地污染和水污染问题提供咨询服务。

Business and Government Partnerships

Through the ICMA study tours organized by the ICMA China Center in 2016 to 2018, we have established some solid partnerships with major companies and local governments. For example, in 2016, we visited Shaanxi Land Engineering and Construction Group and attended the Sino-China Land Engineering Exchange Conference which became an annual conference since 2016. Later, Shaanxi Land Group sent a delegation to attend a training program to learn about Brownfield concepts and technologies both in San Francisco and Pittsburgh. In addition,a technological team was established for further research and development on land pollution and remediation in 2017. As a result of the cooperative efforts, Shaanxi Land Group became the first international sponsor for ICMA for the pursuit of further cooperation on land remediation and ecological research as well as management. Since creating the partnership, ICMA has sent over 40 subject matter experts and city managers to visit Shaanxi Land Group in 2016-2018 and provided consulting services on land and water pollution issues in Shaanxi Province.

国际城市管理协会终身会员比尔·莫纳汉

In addition, in 2017 and 2018, ICMA sent over 40 members and experts to visit Qingdao and attended the Qingdao International City Management Annual Conferences where ICMA participants shared experiences and best practices through visiting and exchanging ideas with officials of local communities. A key achievement was the establishment of the Command Center of Qingdao Shibei District for City Management and Law Enforcement which succeeds by using big data. Output from the conference in 2017 encouraged the project. When ICMA members and experts visited the center in April 2018, they gave high praise to the city's achievements. Qingdao Shibei District government then sent a delegation to attend the ICMA 2018 Annual Conference in Baltimore to share information about the achievements in a special conference session as well as to invite more ICMA members to attend the Qingdao City Management Conference in 2019.

ICMA代表团参加第十六届中国国际人才交流大会

2017年与2018年，ICMA派出40多名成员和专家参加青岛国际城市管理年会，同当地社区官员交流意见，分享最佳实践经验。2017年，青岛市北区城市管理与执法指挥中心有效利用大数据进行建设，并取得了重要成果，这得到了参会者的普遍支持。2018年4月，ICMA成员与专家参访青岛该中心，也对其给予高度评价。而后，青岛市市北区政府派出代表团赴巴尔的摩参加2018年ICMA年会。代表团在大会特别环节中分享实践成果，并向更多ICMA成员发出参加2019年青岛市城市管理会议的邀请。

通过访问和交流，ICMA成员和专家对中国快速发展和ICMA的机遇有了更深入的了解与认识。他们认为，这次访问对加强国际合作交流以造福社区百姓有所启发。

The study tours and exchanges have helped ICMA members and experts gain better understanding and appreciation of the rapid development taking place in China and opportunities for ICMA. ICMA members who have taken part in the tours have commented that what they have learned has inspired them to consider how to help their communities benefit through more international cooperation and exchange.

勇于创新

近期我们有机会得以参访一些勇于创新的地区。

雄安新区：毗邻北京的河北雄安区正处开发中，我们在此会见了这一地区的官员。为缓解北京的过度拥挤，雄安区将被打造为一个可容纳300万人口且吸引创新企业的新区。中国领导人正致力于打造城市群以减轻交通、污染与房价带来的负担。基于这一理念，北京将大学、医院、公司、银行、商业总部等许多功能区迁至雄安，百度、阿里巴巴、腾讯等大公司已着眼于在雄安新区投资设立分支机构。

New and Innovative Activities are Taking Place

Recent trips have also allowed us to visit places where new and innovative activities are taking place:

Xiong'an New Area. We met with officials of this area outside Beijing now under development, Xiong'an District in Hebei Province. Officials will create a new sub area to house up to 3 million people along with innovative businesses to alleviate Beijing's overcrowding. China's leaders are working to reduce the burdens of traffic, pollution, and soaring real-estate prices by forming urban clusters or “city groups.” Based on this concept, Beijing will move many functions out of its center to Xiong'an, relocating universities, hospitals, companies, banks, and business headquarters. Major companies like Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent have committed to establishing branches here.

East Weinan New Town. We toured the site of the newly planned town near Xi'an. Shaanxi Land Management has designed and will build the town, which will have over 50,000 to 100,000 residents, into a modern smart one with sustainable development.

渭东新城：我们参观过位于西安附近的新址，陕西土地工程建设集团预计将其打造为可持续发展的现代化智慧城镇，容纳5万—10万居民。

大型企业：上次，我们访问了中国几家知名企业。首先是陕西土地工程建设集团（我们在西安的合作伙伴），主要从事土地复垦与再开发项目。我们参观了他们的办公室与实验室，以及正在进行土壤修复的大规模场址，如过去的采矿区、化学污染区、河边和垃圾填埋场等。一些极具特色的娱乐与商业设施目前已经在这片土地上生根、发芽。北京东方园林公司，一家从事景观设计与场地开发维护的大规模公司。腾讯，于1998年在深圳创立，目前已拥有逾4万名曾在不同企业任职的员工。

Major Businesses. During the last tour we met with leaders of several major businesses in China. Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group (our partner in Xi'an) is involved in major land reclamation and redevelopment projects. We toured their offices and laboratories as well as large scale sites where land is undergoing soil remediation such as a former mining site, chemical contaminated sites, river side and landfill cleanup, etc. Impressive new, commercial, and recreational facilities have already been built on recovered land. Oriental Landscape in Beijing is a company that does landscape design, site development and maintenance on a major scale. Tencent (the developers of WeChat) that started up in Shenzhen in 1998 and now has over 40,000 employees involved in various business ventures.

2017年在青岛，我们参观了海尔——一家扩展到设计生活公寓与其他产品的大型家电公司，以及青岛啤酒厂与品酒屋。

While in Qingdao in 2017, we visited Haier, the major appliance company that has branched out to design living spaces and many other products, and we toured the Tsingtao beer factory and tasting room.

在深圳，由国家外国专家局创办的中国国际人才交流大会历来吸引许多外国专家就创新与机遇发表演讲。本次大会，我们听取了来自多个领域专家的发言，其中包括诺贝尔奖得主和阿里巴巴的人力资源总监（阿里巴巴在中国的影响力可与亚马逊相媲美）。

The Conference on International Exchange of Professional sponsored by SAFEA in Shenzhen always has speakers on innovations and opportunities for foreign experts to work on cooperative efforts. Some are experts in a variety of fields including a Nobel Prize winner and the human resources director of Alibaba, the Amazon equivalent in China.

2018年，我们参观了中国广州境内稍显偏远的从化区。在那里，我们感受到他们为保护华南历史遗迹所付出的努力。保护开发古道，刺激旅游业发展，他们砥砺前行。ICMA会员提供了技术援助，并在美国接待了广东省代表，来了解美国游径系统的发展。此外，我们还参观了那里的一座建于20世纪60年代而后却渐趋荒芜的公社村，它已被列入重建计划，成为老社区保护的典例。

In 2018, tour participants visited Conghua, a remote area of Guangzhou City, in southern China where we learned about and observed their impressive efforts to preserve the South China Historical Trail. Their purpose is to recover the asset for development and preservation of the ancient roads and stimulate tourism. ICMA members have provided technical assistance and hosted delegates from the province to view trail system developments in the United States. We also visited a 1960 era communal village there that was abandoned, but is the subject of a plan for redevelopment to preserve the community as an example of the living environment of that earlier era.

2019年的访问拟于4月进行。据中心执行主任罗丽军介绍，ICMA会员有机会在中国大学任教，在青岛研究院培训，在青岛、深圳等地参加学术交流研讨。她还指出，为实现可持续发展与高质量发展，以下具有专业技能的人员为现状所迫切需求，比如城乡规划、海绵城市与土地复垦等。

The 2019 tour will probably take place in April. Luo Lijun, Executive Director of the Center, reported that opportunities exist in China for ICMA members to teach at universities, train in the Qingdao Research Institute, take part in academic exchanges and discussions in Qingdao, Shenzhen and other places. Considering the core of sustainable development and high-quality development, she also noted that professionals with skills and expertise in the following topics are urgently needed, such as urban and rural planning, sponge cities, land restoration, etc.

2018年青岛会议的主题是“智慧城市”。2019年，发展重点聚焦于“一带一路”沿线国家，届时，底蕴充实、经验丰富的ICMA会员将在2019年青岛会议上分享相关经验。

The topic of the 2018 Qingdao conference was “Smart Cities”. In 2019 the focus will be on the development of the countries along the one belt one road, China's major initiative. ICMA members with knowledge and experience related to this topic can introduce relevant experience in Qingdao at the 2019 conference. (The writer is a life member of the International City/County Management Association.)