Thousand Years Looking Back - Temple of the Reclining Buddha (Part 1)

AuthorLi Mingxin （Beijing）

PhotographyLiu Peien

TranslatorJin Zi（Beijing）

The spirituality of Beijing is all in the Xishan.

She was lying there quietly， 700 years of human rotation， just as she passed by. It was only 500，000 pounds of red bronze cast on the body of the painted dragonfly， which was polished to some old age. She was once illuminated by the evening glow of Xishan， and she also shined， becoming the most dazzling red sunset in Xishan.

"Qian Kun breathed old， the world exhibition rumors"， more than 300 years ago， the late Ming Bing Department Shangshu， was later called "the only person who is likely to save the Ming Dynasty" Wang Zaijin， in front of the Buddha in Beijing Xishan Reclining Buddha， he bowed his hands I lifted my head and then used my forehead to touch the flipped palm. So three times， the belly of a five-character poem was laid. The reclining Buddha he visited has been lying here for more than 300 years. When he got up and stood up， Wang Jin read it gently after reading two words： "When you are in a state of ambiguity， you will have a good time." There is almost no intention. He humbly stepped back two steps， and then he slammed "Mul's ups and downs， 蘧Its not awkward.” Unconsciously raising the tone， let this warning echo in the tall hall， scared him to jump. The financial budget of the Da Ming court was stretched， the cruelty in the temple， and the stormy political situation， which reminded him of the "change of the southern slope." This "state"， in addition to the Buddha's eyes， is in the heart of Wang Zaijin， in the heart of the 300 years of the reincarnation， countless people who bowed in front of the reclining Buddha. Wang Zaijin felt that the last sentence was not from his mouth， but that this huge bronze reclining Buddha borrowed his mouth to show the world.

From the kings worship at the Reclining Buddha Temple in the Jin Dynasty， the victim of the “Southern Slope” is the founder of the Reclining Buddha. Like his ancestors， he has a round， high-bone face， but his face has a resoluteness and tenacity that is inconsistent with his age. He is the 17-year-old young emperor who just stepped onto the throne - Yuan Yingzong The child is only a catty. He was the fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty， the ninth Khan of the Mongol Empire， the Yuan Renzong scorpion， and the temple number Yingzong. Shuode Gossip was born in Daed seven years （1303）， Yanyou three years （1316） as the crown prince， Yanyou seven years （1320） in March， at the age of 17 years， the next year changed the yuan "zhizhi ". The year of "governance" only died in this world for three years， because of the "change of the southern slope."

Yingzong came from the Yuan Dynasty and took his royal drive. He walked up the steep path along the hillside. On both sides， "the old cypress is one hundred and one hundred， the cold is compelling，" and the descendants also called "the big pine two lines， the fragrant green skirt"， the cypress clamps the imperial road of Yingzong. The young emperor firmly stepped on the pavement made of large stones， and the squeaking of the foot on the stone made him feel tidal. An empire will take off in his hands. He will do one. Ming Jun， be an emperor who brings happiness to the people. Behind him， he was the 22-year-old courtier who he relied on and was later hailed by him. The father of the king made a huge sum of money to make the worship of the Shou'anshan Temple. The name of the Temple of the Reclining Buddha in the Yuan Dynasty was changed. It was called Shou'anshan Temple in the early period. It was called "Da Zhaoxiao Temple" in the middle and "Hongqing Temple" in the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Wang died， Yingzong came to inspect the progress of the project.

The Temple of the Reclining Buddha is the common name of the ancient temple built in the Tang Dynasty. The name of the temple is called “Double Temple”. In the Buddhist scriptures， the Palace is the highest level of the Temple of Heaven， and it is the place where the Bodhisattvas lived.

The name of "Double Rate Temple" must first be discussed from Tang Taizong's levy Goguryeo. Goguryeo was a powerful national political power that emerged in the northeastern part of China during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Because of its brave and good warfare， it caused a strong threat to the Central Plains Dynasty. In order to relieve the suffering and settle down the country， Emperor Sui had successively levied Goryeo， and the people's livelihood was withered， and triggered the war of peasants at the end of the dynasty， and even the demise of the Sui Dynasty.

After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty， the powerful Goguryeo regime still threatened the border security of the Tang Dynasty. From time to time， Gao Juli， who was bullied by Goguryeo， repeatedly asked the Tang Dynasty for help from the Tang Dynasty. In order to completely solve the problem of the side， and support the Silla， Tang Taizong was in the 18th year of the Zhenguan （644）， and sent troops to Gaoli. The Tang army is like a broken battle. In September of the following year， the weather turned cold and Emperor Taizong ordered the class division. In the case of Youzhou， in order to mourn the soldiers who died in the Eastern Expedition， Emperor Taizong built the Zhongzhong Temple （now Fayuan Temple） in the city， and built the temple in the western suburbs. If you are a futuristic palace， if it is a good fortune， if it is correct， if it is subtle， if it is solemn， then Tang Taizong hopes that these dead soldiers who fight with him can become a bodhisattva， have to live in the past， and have to enjoy the days.

When Tang Taizong repaired the temple， it was the time when Master Xuan Zang had just returned to China from Tianzhu. He brought back 657 pieces of Sanskrit Sutra from Scorpio and various Buddha statues. The main esteem of the Temple of the Reclining Buddha， "Zhang Liu Jin Ting Tan Tan Buddha"， is based on the drawings brought back by Xuan Zang. The shape of the reclining Buddha is the modality of the Buddha's "Nirvana". Nirvana is a new life. It is the highest realm of the Buddha. Choosing such a Buddha statue as the main esteem in the temple， Tang Taizong is deeply emotional. The name "Women's Temple" came from this， and this name has been used until the re-expansion of the Yuan Dynasty in the Yuan Dynasty.

At this time， the young emperor Shuo Deyi went on the road that Tang Taizong had traveled. He was taken from Xiaoyuan Renzong and was influenced by Confucianism since childhood. He admired Tang Taizong. He hoped that the empire under his own rule would be as politically clear as Tang Taizong， economic recovery and development， and national strength. Moreover， it is as humbly as Tang Taizong. Alleviate the burden of labor for the people and turn the criminal law into light. He also wants to realize the dream of a "prosperous world."

In fact， he did not want to be the emperor. The father wanted to establish him as the crown prince. Shuo Deyi went to see the Empress Dowager and resolutely said： "I am too young and have insufficient ability. Moreover， my brother is still there. My brother， let me help him." The Queen Mother is not allowed. This martial-like woman， looking at the son of Renzongs sacred body， was weak and weak， and he put the treasure on his grandson. The 13-year-old Shuo De Gossip was established as the Crown Prince. At the age of 16， Ren Zong was killed， and all the affairs of the organization had to be handed over to Shuo De Gossip before they reported to themselves. Unable to choose the fate of the Shude gossip feel the heavy burden on his shoulders. He once said to the minister of the province of Zhongshu： "The emperor handed over all the affairs of the world to me. I am fighting day and night， but I am afraid that it will not do well. You Don't be scrupulous， be sure to work diligently， and don't have a place to slack off， so as not to reach the worry of the monarch."

The 35-year-old father did not give him more time to practice， and he was embarrassed after a year. After he ascended the throne， he continued to pursue the policy of "ruling the country with Confucianism and treating the Buddha with the heart" from the beginning of Kublai Khan. At present， the border threat of Goguryeo is no longer there， because when his ancestor was in Kublai Khan， the King of Korea， who was able to give up， allowed his son to marry Kublais daughter and improve relations between the two countries. The king of Goryeo knows that the upper class of the Yuan Dynasty likes beautiful women. In order to "receive the coolness of the trees by the big trees，" they continue to tribute to the Yuan Dynasty and the nobles. The beautiful women use their beauty and talent to help the peace of a country.

Shuo De Gossip wants to county the Goguryeo County that has already surrendered， so that it can be completely treated with other provinces of the Yuan Dynasty. At this time， a university scholar Wang Jun stood up. He said： "Gao Li went to Beijing for four thousand miles. The land is poor， the customs are mixed， the non-Central Plains ratio， the infarction， the fatigue， and the unfortunate， It is better to keep the old ancestors." It is this remark that allows the "Gao Li Guozhen" to survive. He did not know that this is the difference between the thoughts， how many things have been found for later people， how much trouble！ It is said that after the Koreans knew it， they painted the image of Wang Yue back to the country， and made a living， and said that "there is no end to the country， Wang Gong also."

Shuo De Bagua passed through the Shanmen Temple. In the Temple of Heavenly King， he saw that the "Buddha Tree" of the Seven Leaves was carrying a white flower. The shape of the flower is special， like a small ivory stupa covered with a canopy. The column told him that the tree was called the banyan tree. It was the seed that the master Xuanzang brought back from the east. When the temple was built， it was already 700 years old. Baizhu also pointed to the two tall pines and cypresses in the courtyard， which was also the case when Tang Taizong first built the temple. Stroking the trunk of the sturdy， looking up at the green of the sun， the reverence of Emperor Taizong in the hearts of the young emperor was born again.

At the end， Shuo De Gossip saw the "Zhen Liu Jin Ting Tan Tan Buddha" which was shaped according to the drawings brought back by Xuan Zang. After the devout worship， he learned the history of the temple in detail. In the Yuan Dynasty， the emperor prayed for his own family and his family， and they must build a temple. It is this reclining Buddha of sandalwood that has triggered a whimsy of the new emperor. He has to do something open-minded. He also wants to cast a reclining Buddha， the largest reclining Buddha in the world， using copper， using the best copper， using the most Good craftsman. He will use such actions to express his piety to the Buddha， let the Buddha lead the father's rushing palace， and let the huge Buddha body bless his empire and his subjects. He secretly still tells himself that he also prays for Buddha blessing. He， let those who hinder him weaken and be punished. He was excited about this idea. On that day， he and Baizhu talked deeply in the Tang Dynasty ancient temple. The ancient Buddha of the Tang Dynasty silently listened to and witnessed the high passion of these two young people.

Casting copper in the Yuan Dynasty has become very common， but most of them are small-sized daily necessities： tripods， urns， princes， plates， cans， bowls， pots， drums， bells， pen holders， etc.， although small， but broken. At this time， Tibetan Buddhism appeared as a Buddha-like image of copper. Some of them were cast with gold， silver， tin， lead， graphite， mercury， etc.， and were engraved， polished， sheet metal， embedded， riveted. And a variety of techniques to deal with. In the palace of Yingzong， there are inlaid gemstones and luxurious bronze statues. And he wants to be a unique thing in the world， so he mobilized the best craftsmen in the country， made huge sums of money， and spared no effort to cast a bronze reclining Buddha.

In 1321， one year after the Shude Bagua inspection of the Temple of the Reclining Buddha， the copper reclining Buddha ceremony was completed. Under the supervision of the pillars， after the piles of soil， the billet， mold， casting， and refurbishment on the stage， after the completion of the basic work， decorate the buds on the Buddha body， the whole process is interlocking， in one go， no mistakes can be made. . After that， according to the size of the Buddha， the Temple of the Reclining Buddha was added. It is 5.3 meters long， 1.6 meters high， weighs about 500，000 kilograms， consumes five million silver， and has a huge volume. The bronze Buddha， which radiates its radiance， lies on the lotus pedestal of the white marble. The head of the Buddha head is on the west side of the head， and it is turned sideways. The legs are stretched out， the right hand is bent， and the left hand is naturally placed on the legs. The Buddha's face is serene， free-looking， simple and exquisite， and the superb smelting and casting technology has repeatedly presented the purifying and solemn style of Buddhist art， which is a peerless boutique.

Shuo Shuo gossip completed his wish. Now a reclining Buddha in the Temple of the Reclining Buddha in the Temple of the Reclining Buddha; a statue of a huge copper reclining Buddha co-existing under his presiding， a quaint， one brilliant; a wooden， a bronze cast. It is conceivable that the young king of the Mongolian who entered the Central Plains was psychologically contented when he worshipped the two Buddhas in the heart of the Tang Dynasty. This huge reclining Buddha has infinitely added his confidence to display his grandeur. He wants to be a god of the ages， he wants to realize the dream of governing the country， but how difficult it is！

The Empress Dowager and the right-hander， Tiemu Tier， and others supported him to the throne， but he was shackled and killed. On the third day of the death of the father， the Shude gossip was still in the "successful service to the ground， the sun was a porridge"， and the Queen Mother of the Empress Dowager made the Zhonggong， and the ironwood who was stopped Transferred to the province of Zhongshu， served as the right-hand phase. After Tiemu Laier resumed his official position， he will "report" and will fight against those who have previously impeached him. The little emperor did not have a prestigious and trustworthy court of honor. His isolation and helplessness and his "in the middle of the palace" made him more psychologically dependent on Buddhism. Now he can entrust the person， behind him， this is the same young man who is as broad and unsophisticated as him. Even so， he has to fight， he wants to be the wise king like Tang Taizong.

Perhaps it was really a reclining Buddha to help him. In the early autumn of the second year of the rule （1322）， Tiemu Dieer and the Empress Dowager died successively. Suddenly， Yingzong felt the ease of unbinding. Yingzong appointed to worship as the right-hand man of the Chinese book， and did not set a left-handed phase， with the pillar as the only prime minister. He eagerly sought for governance and determined to reform， and convened the former pilgrimage ministers who were highly respected and had considerable experience in governing the country. They used Han officials and Confucian scholars with generous treatment. For a time， the imperial court was successively introduced by the reform measures. The party was thriving： the implementation of the law of assisting the family; the enactment of the "Da Yuan Tong System" to strengthen the legal system; the removal of the previous chaos of different political orders and the same crimes; the release of the "vibrating platform" System， requires the recommendation of talents， the selection of talents; the abolishment of redundant work， saving floating fees， reducing the servitude， to help farmers. Clear the ironwood children's party and investigate their greed law incidents. At that time， the world was so popular that politics was one of the new.

The British sect is justified， and he is required to meet himself with the standards of Ming Jun. "Taste the earthquake to reduce the meal， the music， and avoid the main hall." The courtiers around him believed that the emperor's self-restraint spirit was worthy of praise， and he said， "I would like to praise him." I didn't expect Yingzong's anger to say： What can be praised for this？ "There is no such thing as a martial artist. Why are you？” The scouting minister was scolded. He once ruthlessly praised the minister： "Qing is waiting for a high position， eating thick and honest， when he tries to report. If you are poor or poor， you will not hesitate to give it; if it is illegal， you will have no punishment."

The New Deal made the Yuan Dynasty's national situation greatly improved. However， the New Deal touched on the interests of the Mongolian conservative aristocracy， and it was inevitably opposed by the interest group， the conservative Mongolian aristocracy. This seems to be lacking in the young monarchs. Politics needs to be old and calm， a huge hull， when it is hit by violent winds and waves， it is most afraid of chaos. After all， young， after all， lack of experience in political struggle. The 24-year-old His anger began to vent to those courtiers who were considered to be "the traitors" of Ironwood， including the son of Ironwood， who had already announced his forgiveness.

In 1323， the 20-year-old Yingzong， who was inspected in Shangdu （the site is in the Zhenglanqi grassland of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region）， was upset by the complexity of the courts and abroad for several years. Those old aristocrats who were afraid of being desecrated were jealous of the emperor's psychology， and they made Panyu pay tribute to the prime minister to worship the pillars and make disasters. He hoped to use such actions to win the emperor's favor and get a big fight. Maybe this is a euphemistic surrender！ Unexpectedly， the column screamed and blamed Panyu for saying： "Well， but the figure is only golden， and want to be sinful？" Originally， the wind and rain came， and heard the imperial monopoly of the emperor， let the feeling of losing power Others understand that Yingzong has to punish the "guilty" hint. "Smell of fear and fear， but a conspiracy of life" prompted the iron to make up its mind to fight with the emperor. He planned to assassinate Yingzong in the third day of August of the third year of the Zhizhi （September 4， 1323）.

Sadly， the enemys conspiracy is being implemented， and the young emperor and his equally young prime minister are unaware. It is a stronghold of the conservative Mongolian aristocracy. Yingzong started from Shangdu， and on the way to return to the capital， stayed at the Nanpo store 30 miles south of Shangdu. He is unprepared， not only "too far from the left and right， but also not to sleep." Iron lost a group of old-fashioned aristocrats with resentment， among them， the son of Tiemu Dieer， who was arrested by the South. They rushed into the accommodation of the Shuo Deyi gossip， first killing the prime minister， then the iron lost to the emperor's temple， killing the British