某采石场生产爆破对某高铁隧道的影响

陈能革 潘祖瑛

(1.马钢集团矿业有限公司；2.中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司；3.马鞍山矿山研究院爆破工程有限责任公司;4.金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室)

某露天采石场生产规模为50万t/a，采用移动履带式潜孔钻机进行深孔凿岩，孔径115 mm，炸药采用乳化炸药。该采石场爆破规模为每次爆破单段最大炸药量不超过200 kg，每次爆破总炸药量不超过4.5 t，采用非电导爆管雷管起爆系统起爆[1]。该采石场南侧有1条高铁隧道，该隧道通车频率较高。目前，隧道局部区域出现裂缝，为确保隧道安全，有必要详细分析采石场生产爆破振动对该隧道的影响。

1 生产爆破振动测试

本研究采用TC3850型测振仪获取爆破振动数据[2]。在采石场生产爆破期间，沿着高铁隧道方向布置了1条测线，每次爆破布置4～5台测振仪进行爆破振动测试工作。根据爆破中心及隧道位置，为确保监测数据能够真实反映爆破振动的衰减情况，在测振过程中布置了若干测点。测点布置方法是将加工后的基座砸入临时测点地面，钢板平面与地面贴实且保持水平[3]。TC3850型测振仪的传感器为垂直方向、水平径向和水平切向三合一传感器，使用石膏将传感器直接固定于水泥地基或钢板平面上，传感器X轴对准震源，Z轴与水平面垂直。

本研究根据6次爆破振动测试(表1)数据的回归分析，得出的爆破振动合速度衰减规律的萨道夫斯基公式为

2 爆破振动对高铁隧道的影响

依据《爆破安全规程》(GB 6722—2014)及《中国地震烈度表》(GB/T 17742—2008)，考虑到高铁隧道等交通建(构)筑设施的重要性，为确保安全，该露天采石场生产爆破在隧道处产生的爆破振动最大安全允许振速取6.0 cm/s。根据上式，求得不同距离、不同最大段药量对应的爆破振动合速度，如表2所示。采石场目前开采区与高铁隧道的最近距离为500 m，由表2可知：当矿山最大段药量分别为50，100，150，200 kg时，高铁隧道最近点的振动速度分别为0.04，0.06，0.09 cm/s，均小于本研究选取的爆破安全允许振动速度6 cm/s[4]，表明该采石场爆破振动对于隧道的影响在安全允许范围内。

3 结 语

通过进行爆破测振试验，分析了某露天采石场生产爆破振动对其附近某高铁隧道的影响，研究表明：只要该采石场生产爆破的最大单段起爆药量不超过200 kg，其对高铁隧道的影响可忽略不计；此外，该采场宜采用更为有效的减振控制爆破技术，加强爆破安全技术工作。爆破时，应严格按照《爆破安全规程》(GB 6722—2014)确定爆破安全警戒范围并进行有效警戒。

表1爆破振动监测数据

序号测点编号水平爆心距R/m最大段药量Q/kg垂直速度/(cm/s)主频率/Hz水平径向速度/(cm/s)主频率/Hz水平切向速度/(cm/s)主频率/Hz合速度v/(cm/s)11#101.02#166.73#439.4500.798 216.6670.922 315.7480.642 913.7931.139 90.172 421.9780.287 625.0000.200 28.8110.313 00.049 513.4230.049 69.9500.061 38.3330.075 621#115.52#181.13#453.72000.997 515.0381.370 810.9890.780 512.9871.490 20.274 521.5050.347 616.1290.327 219.2310.439 20.068 011.3640.076 97.7820.070 28.0320.102 231#76.72#153.03#262.04#449.85#954.01001.258 723.8100.921 129.4121.478 927.3971.540 60.153 119.0480.184 611.1110.320 013.6990.355 70.053 426.3160.105 022.7270.092 521.7390.113 40.034 610.4170.035 914.8150.035 810.6950.047 60.012 025.7800.018 726.6670.022 836.3640.023 841#89.22#201.13#311.44#496.15#1015.02000.840 824.0960.608 916.6671.244 031.7461.322 70.135 020.2020.255 922.4720.200 223.2560.284 50.094 430.7690.103 827.3970.100 025.3160.137 20.047 210.8110.024 823.5290.048 512.8210.066 90.013 271.4290.016 445.4550.021 620.0000.024 451#90.62#152.63#273.34#360.61001.183 411.2990.801 411.6281.179 613.8891.520 70.454 818.0180.717 921.2770.557 317.5440.754 30.110 515.0380.071 725.6410.177 711.2360.178 90.091 013.1580.068 29.7090.098 320.2020.122 661#76.42#178.13#344.14#431.51000.838 318.8681.456 915.7480.922 019.8021.690 70.318 719.0480.525 417.8570.560 917.8570.600 60.108 110.0500.242 27.8120.012 339.2160.245 50.091 010.8700.023 640.8160.071 510.2560.092 3

表2不同距离、不同最大段药量对应的振动速度

R/m振动速度/(cm/s)50607080901001101201301401501601701801902005000.040.040.050.050.050.060.060.060.070.070.070.080.080.080.090.095250.040.040.040.050.050.050.060.060.060.070.070.070.070.080.080.085500.030.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.060.070.070.070.075750.030.030.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.060.060.070.076000.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.060.066250.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.050.060.060.066500.020.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.050.056750.020.020.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.057000.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.057250.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.057500.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.047750.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.048000.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.048250.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.048500.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.038750.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.039000.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.039250.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.039500.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.039750.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.031 0000.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.03