❸宾语从句可以这样简化

北京 杨 岚

■方法简介

简化宾语从句,是同学们平时练习句型转换的一个非常重要的项目。现将宾语从句的简化方法及应注意的问题做如下归纳,供大家参考。

一、改为“动词不定式(短语)”形式

在hope,forget,promise,decide等动词之后,由that引导的宾语从句可以用动词不定式(短语)来简化。例如：

1.The man decided thathe should stop smoking. →

The man decided to stop smoking. 这个男人决定戒烟。

2.Mr.Wang hoped that he could see you soon.→

Mr.Wang hoped to see you soon.王先生希望不久能见到你。

【特别提醒】

在某些动词如seem之后的句子尽管可以用动词不定式或者不定式短语来简化,但句型要适当调整一下。例如：

It seemed that the boy won the match.→

The boy seemed to win the match.看上去这个男孩赢了这场比赛。

二、改为“连接代（副）词 +动词不定式(短语)”形式

在show,tell,know,teach,find out,learn等动词之后,由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句可以简化成连接代词或连接副词加动词不定式（短语）。例如：

1.He taught us how we should write the composition.→

He taught us how to write the composition.他教我们如何写这篇作文。

2.I don't know how I should answer this question.→

I don't know how to answer this question.我不知道该如何回答这个问题。

【特别提醒】

有些带双宾语的动词,其后的宾语从句也可以用连接代（副）词加动词不定式（短语）来简化。例如：

The dictionary didn't tell him how he should pronounce the word.→

The dictionary didn't tell him how to pronounce the word.这本词典没有告诉他怎样读这个词。

三、改为“it+形容词 +动词不定式(短语)”形式

当宾语从句中的主语是it（it在从句中作形式主语）时,可用形式宾语的结构来简化从句。例如：

1.I found that it was very important to learn English well.→

I found that it very important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。

2. I feel it is difficult to see this man. →

I feel it difficult to see this man. 我感觉见到这个人是困难的。

四、改为“(介词+)动名词(短语)”形式

在某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用动名词(短语）来简化。例如：

1.She insisted that she should stay at home.→

She insisted on staying at home.她坚持待在家里。

2.I remember that I have told her the truth. →

I remember telling her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。

五、改为“宾语+现在分词(短语)”形式

在hear,watch,see,notice,find等动词后的宾语从句,可以用现在分词（短语）来简化。例如：

1.We saw that a wallet was lying on the floor just now.→

We saw a wallet lying on the floor just now.刚才我们看见了地上有一个钱包。

2.Did you notice anyone was standing in front of the tree?→

Did you notice anyone standing in front of the tree?你注意到有人正站在那棵树前面吗？

六、改为过去分词或过去分词短语

某些宾语从句可以用适当的过去分词（短语）来简化。例如：

1.Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow.→

Soon they found the ground covered with thick snow.他们很快发现地面被厚厚的积雪覆盖。

2.The teacher found that the boy was very interested in math.→

The teacher found the boy very interested in math.老师发现这个男孩对数学很感兴趣。

七、改为“名词（短语）”形式

某些由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句,可以用适当的“名词（短语）”形式来代替宾语从句。例如：

1.I'll take back what I said. →

I'll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。

2.Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? →

Could you tell us the way to the museum?你能告诉我们去博物馆的路吗？

总之,简化宾语从句时,应视每个句子的具体情况而变,注意介词的适当添加、连接代(副)词的准确使用、非谓语动词的词形转换,以及人称、时态和逻辑的一致等。

■效果反馈

根据上句完成下句,使两句的意思基本一致。每空一词。

1.I forget I have closed the window this morning.

I forget______the window this morning.

2.Linda hopes she will be back very soon.

Linda hopes____________back very soon.

3.I think it is necessary for us to read a lot.

I think____________for us to read a lot.

4.I can't decide which one I should choose.

I can't decide which one____________.

5.I heard my name was called.

I heard my name______.

6.The poor boy doesn't know when he was born.

The poor boy doesn't know____________of his birth.

(答案见64页)