加拿大驻华大使馆：对大麻实行法治化并严格规管是为了阻止大麻接近青少年

李育

我是Marion St-Cyr Lachance，加拿大驻华大使馆二等秘书，在中国工作了两年多，担任公共外交官，负责媒体关系、社交媒体和学术关系。在加入大使馆之前，我在渥太华加拿大全球事务部的中国分部和国际教育部工作。

Im Marion St-Cyr Lachance， Second Secretary at the Embassy of Canada in Beijing. I have been working in China for over two years， as a Public Diplomacy Officer responsible for media relations， social media and academic relations. Prior to joining the Embassy， I was working in Ottawa at Global Affairs Canada in the China Division and International Education Division.

采访摘要

Q：《留学》记者

A：Marion St-Cyr Lachance

Q：有人预测，加拿大全国大麻合法，会带来一定的不安定因素，降低加拿大的安全系数，影响中国家庭的留学选择。您怎么看待这一说法？

A：几十年来，大麻在加拿大是一种非法物质。大麻及其衍生物的非法贸易由犯罪组织控制，他们不关心他们出售的东西是否可以被安全消费。在这次合法化之前，任何人使用大麻产品都存在风险。

《大麻法》旨在更好地保护加拿大人的健康和安全。通过严格规管大麻的生产、供应、销售和拥有，并对违法者实施严厉惩罚，政府致力于阻止大麻落入青少年之手，并斩断犯罪分子和有组织犯罪从中获利，目标是促进加拿大人的健康和安全。

加拿大政府致力于避免儿童和青少年接触大麻，立法禁止吸引青少年的产品、促销、包装和标签，对那些向青少年提供大麻的人实施新的刑事处罚。

《大麻法》禁止任何人向任何未满18岁的人出售或提供大麻，部分省和地区有权设定更高的最低年龄限制，例如19岁。

对那些选择继续在法律体系之外运作的人，加拿大政府将采取执法行动，这是消除非法市场的关键因素。皇家骑警将继续与主要执法伙伴合作，打击有组织犯罪，减少非法大麻市场的犯罪参与。此外，皇家骑警还将提高其收集、评估有组织犯罪参与非法大麻市场和其他相关犯罪市场的情报的能力。

Q：中国的家长是不希望孩子吸食大麻的，加拿大部分大学不允许在学校内吸食大麻，您认为这会有效阻止中国学生接触大麻吗？

A：《大麻法》规定，向未成年人出售大麻是一项具体的刑事犯罪，并对那些将年轻的加拿大人卷入与大麻有关的犯罪行为进行严重的惩罚。

《大麻法》规定了两项新的刑事犯罪，最高刑罚为14年监禁：

·向青少年提供或出售大麻;和

·利用青少年犯下与大麻有关的罪行。

为防止青少年使用大麻，《大麻法》还禁止：

·吸引年轻人的产品、促销、包装和标签;

·通过自助显示器或自动售货机销售大麻;

·促销大麻，除非是在年轻人无法看到的有限范围内; 和

·虚假、误导或欺骗性的广告、赞助、推荐和背书或其他形式可能诱使年轻人使用大麻的促销活动。

违反这些禁令的处罚包括罚款高达500万加元，3年监禁，或两者兼施。

加拿大政府承诺在未来5年内投资近4600万加元，用于大麻公共教育和宣传活动。这些活动覆盖加拿大公民、永久居民和临时居民，特别是包括国际学生在内的青少年，帮助他们了解大麻消费的健康和安全风险。

加拿大大麻合法化并未改变加拿大的边境规则。携带大麻或任何含有大麻的产品跨越加拿大边境属违法行为，无论是离开还是进入加拿大，这种行为可能導致国内外严重的刑事处罚。即使将大麻用于医疗目的，此法律也适用。

大麻在大多数国家都是非法的，以前使用过大麻或当地法律禁止的任何物质，可能导致旅行者被拒绝入境目的地国。访问Travel.gc.ca/cannabis了解更多信息。

Q：您对即将前往加拿大留学的中国学生有什么建议？

A：保护加拿大人的健康和安全是加拿大政府的首要任务。加拿大是世界上最安全的国家之一，犯罪率非常低，学校和大学的校园也为学生的成长和发展提供了安全的环境。

《大麻法》严格规管大麻的生产、供应、销售和拥有。其目标是让青少年远离大麻，并使得犯罪分子和有组织犯罪无利可图。《大麻法》有几项措施有助于防止年轻人接触大麻，包括年龄限制和限制推销大麻。

加拿大为来自世界各地的学生提供多元化、包容性和激励性的环境。成千上万的年轻人前往加拿大，他们的学习经历变得极为丰富。那些同样前来加拿大学习的学生，在未来也将同样获得丰富的经历。

Q： Some people predict that Canada may be more dangerous in the future because the cannabis becomes legalized， and this change may influence the choice of Chinese families to study in Canada. What do you think of this statement？

A： For decades， cannabis was an illegal substance in Canada. Illegal trade of cannabis and its derivatives was controlled by criminal organizations which did not care whether the product they sold was safe for consumption. Anybody who consumed cannabis was at risk.

The Cannabis Act is designed to better protect the health and safety of Canadians. Through strict regulation of the production， distribution， sale and possession of cannabis and by imposing strong penalties to those who break the law， the Government aims to keep cannabis out of the hands of youth while keeping profits out of the hands of criminals and organized crime. The objective is to promote the health and safety of Canadians.

The Government of Canada is committed to keeping cannabis out of the hands of children and youth. That is why the legislation prohibits products， promotions， packaging and labelling that are appealing to youth， and imposing a new criminal penalty for those who provide cannabis to youth.

The Cannabis Act prohibits anyone from selling or providing cannabis to any person under the age of 18 years. Provinces and territories have the ability to set a higher minimum age， such as 19 years of age.

Law enforcement action against those who choose to continue to operate outside of the legal system is also a critical element towards eliminating the illegal market. The RCMP will continue to work with key law enforcement partners to combat organized crime and reduce criminal involvement in the illegal cannabis market. Additionally， the RCMP will increase its capacity to collect and assess intelligence on the evolution of organized crime's involvement in the illegal cannabis market and other related criminal markets.

Q：Chinese parents dont want their children to smoke cannabis. Some universities do not allow smoking cannabis in schoolyards. Do you think it can help Chinese students to stay away from cannabis？

A： The Cannabis Act makes it a specific criminal offence to sell cannabis to a minor and create significant penalties for those who engage young Canadians in cannabis-related offences.

The Cannabis Act creates two new criminal offences， with maximum penalties of 14 years in jail for：

·giving or selling cannabis to youth; and

·using a youth to commit a cannabis-related offence.

To prevent youth from using cannabis， the Cannabis Act also prohibits：

·products， promotions， packaging and labelling that are appealing to youth;

·the sale of cannabis through self-service displays or vending machines;

·promotion of cannabis， except in narrow circumstances where the promotion could not be seen by a young person; and

·false， misleading or deceptive advertising， sponsorships， testimonials and endorsements or other forms of promotion that could entice young people to use cannabis.

Penalties for violating these prohibitions include a fine of up to $5 million Canadian dollars， 3 years in jail， or both.

The Government of Canada has committed close to $46 million Canadian dollars over the next five years for cannabis public education and awareness activities. These are to inform Canadians， permanent residents and temporary residents， especially youth including internationals students， of the health and safety risks of cannabis consumption.

The legalization of cannabis in Canada does not change Canadas border rules. Taking cannabis or any product containing cannabis across Canadas international borders either exiting or entering remains illegal and can result in serious criminal penalties at home and abroad. Transporting cannabis used for medical purposes will also remain illegal.

Cannabis is illegal in most countries. Previous use of cannabis， or any substance prohibited by local law， could result in a traveller being denied entry to their destination country. Visit Travel.gc.ca/cannabis to find out more.

Q：What advices do you have for Chinese students who are going to study in Canada？

A： Protecting the health and safety of Canadians is a top priority for the Government of Canada. Canada is one of the safest countries in the world. It has a very low crime rate. The campuses of its schools and universities also provide a safe environment for students to grow and develop.

The Cannabis Act strictly regulates the production， distribution， sale and possession of cannabis. Its objective is to keep cannabis out of the hands of youth and profits out of the hands of criminals and organized crime. The Cannabis Act has several measures that help prevent youth from accessing cannabis. These include both age restrictions and restricting the promotion of cannabis.

Canada offers a diverse， inclusive and stimulating environment to students from all over the world. Hundreds of thousands of youth have travelled to Canada and found their experience extremely enriching. Students who follow in their footsteps in the future to further their education will have the same rewarding experience.