如何学习名词性从句

黄新春 江琼

【摘   要】 英语语法学习中，名词性从句的地位十分重要。虽然包含4大从句，但讲清宾语从句一种即可讲好其他从句，可从模块上讲解。

【关键词】 语法学习;名词性从句;宾语从句;模块

How to learn noun clauses

Huang Xinchun   Jiang Qiong

[Abstract] The position of noun clauses is very important in English grammar learning. Although it contains 4 clauses， one of the object clauses can be used to explain the other clauses.

[Keywords] grammar learning noun clause object clause module

名詞性从句包含宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句以及同位语从句，四大从句本质上是一个完整的句子处在不同位置而给予不同称呼而已，如果句子处在介词或及物动词后称为宾语从句，处在系动词后称为表语从句，处在系动词或及物动词之前称为主语从句，处在名词后称为同位语从句。

例如  ：  I know that she is 106  .

that she is 106  为宾语从句，The fact is that she is 106.   that she is 106 为表语从句。

That she is 106 is true.

that she is 106   为主语从句， I know the fact that she is 106.  that she is 106  为语同位从句。

1  宾语从句

1.1  宾语从句的定义： 一个句子作宾语

I love you .                         （单词作宾语 ）

I want to go to school。                （词组作宾语 ）

I know that she is a teacher。          （句子作宾语）

1.2  that引导

（1）that 不作句子成分;（2） 可省 ; （3）含义确定（肯定或否定）。

例句：   we all know that she comes from China..

1.3  whether/if 引导

（1）  含义不确定（是否）;（2）不作句子成分 ;（3）不可省。

例句： I didnt know whether Tom liked the place.          I wonder if its large enough. 不知道是否够大。  1.4  连接代词引导

what， whatever， who， whoever， whom， whose， which ： （1）在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 ;（2） 有具体含义 ;（3）缺什么补什么。

例句：I dont know who [whom] you mean.   我不知道你指谁。

IIl do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。

1.5  连接副词引导

when， where， how， why（1） 在从句中作状语;      （2）有具体含义;（3）缺什么补什么。

Tom asked why he had to go alone.

She asked how I was getting on. 他问我情况怎样。

I know where they live. 知道他们住哪里。

2  表语从句用法

引导表语从句的词有连词that， whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if， as though， because等连词。

2.1  由that引导（ that 一般不省）

The problem is that they have lost his addres。

2.2  由whether引导

The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。

【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

2.3  由连接代词引导

What she wants to know is which road she should take.

2.4  由连接副词引导

The problem is how we can find her.

Thats where we first met her.。

Thats why she didnt come. 。

2.5  由关系代词型what引导

Thats what I want to say。

3  主语从句用法

连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词。

3.1   that引导（that不可省略，全句可翻译成两句话）

That they will be late is certain.

3.2  whether引导

Whether they would support us was a problem 。

3.3  连接代词引导

What makes us is that our class win the match.

3.4  连接副词引导

When they arrive doesnt matter.。

How he earn so much money  was a mystery。

3.5  主语从句与形式主语it

有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。

Its a pity that you did not see the match.

Its unfair that so many people should lose their jobs.

4  同位語从句用法

同位语从句：指一个抽象的名词后接一个句子进行具体的解释，两者可解释为A是B的关系，抽象名词不作后面句子的任何成分。通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。。

4.1  由that引导

We heard the news that they went home already.。

4.2  由whether引导

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。

4.3  由连接代词引导

Have you any idea what time the film starts？

4.4  由连接副词引导

I have no idea when we will come back. 。

We had no idea why she left. Y

5  名词性从句总结

5.1  that引导名词性从句

（1） That our class had won the match made us excited.

（2）The teacherer said that our class  had won the match.

（3）The fact was that our class had won the match.

（4）The teacher announced the news that our class had won the match.

5.2  特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句

（1） Who will attend the match has not been known.

（2） No one knows who will attend the match.

（3） My question is who will attend the match.  （4） The question who will attend the match remains to be seen.

5.3  whether引导的各种名词性从句

（1）Whether they  will agree with us doesnt matter too much.

（2）she wonder whether I will agree with her.

（3）What I want to know is whether you will agree with me.

（4）They have no idea whether we will agree with them.

参考文献：

[1] 侯燕菊.英语语法教学改革[J].东北亚论坛，2016，（7）.

[2] 郭晓宁.英语教学模式改革的必要性[J].东北亚论坛，2015，（7）.

[3] 张健.英语教学：语法课的互动与实践[J].天津财贸管理干部学院学报，2017，（3）.