嘉兴一家人的“红船情缘”

黄娜

嘉兴南湖，碧空碧水，船艇一过，白鹭齐飞。

“美吧！”张新志一脸自豪，“这片栖息地在湖心，外人很少能看到。”

新年伊始的一个冬日，笔者造访“湖心岛岛主”张新志一家。

张新志去年10月从南湖革命纪念馆退休，他的任务就是蹲在湖心岛上守护红船。

“岛主”这一外号，霸气外露，却也妥帖。

他熟知岛上每棵古树名木，烟雨楼里每幅字画、红船上每个构件……光阴荏苒，日出日落，转眼33载，女儿都已三十而立。

女儿张一是南湖革命纪念馆的讲解员，每天在南湖边给游客讲解“红船故事”。张一的母亲徐金巧已退休，也曾是南湖革命纪念馆的一名金牌讲解员，还带出了大批讲解“徒弟”。

一条小船与一个大党的故事，从南湖边开始传颂。而这一家三口，因为守护和宣讲红船，成为令人称羡的“红船家庭”。

守护：33载初心如一，红船是我们的宝贝

每天早晨8点，张新志准时出现在南湖老渡口。他熟练地跳上船头，与同事一起驶向湖心岛，开始一天的忙碌。

33年的习惯，他上岛第一件事：径直走到红船前反复打量，船体是否偏向、零件是否有损坏、卫生是否整洁……他检查时一丝不苟，蹙眉凝神，皱纹都挤到了一块。

“红船也59岁了，虽然每年都检修，可日晒雨淋的，毕竟年岁大了。”张新志小心擦拭着，视如珍宝。

张新志介绍说，现在停在南湖上的这艘船，是一艘单夹弄船，长16米、宽3米，船壳呈黄褐色，船后还拖着一只小的拖梢船，用于摆渡客人。“由于年代久远，早已找不到当年举行中共‘一大会议的那艘船。为还原历史，这艘船是据董必武、王会悟等同志回忆和相关史料记载，于1959年仿制的。”

1985年10月，张新志到南湖革命纪念馆工作第一天，师傅说把红船交给他守护。回想起当年的情景，他至今无法忘怀，“荣誉感和责任感油然而生，虽然知道担子很重，但却特别自豪和振奋。”

“红船是我们嘉兴的宝贝，只要我在岗一天，就要守护好一天。”33年，他丝毫不敢懈怠。

红船一年一小修，两年一大修。今年红船又将大修，张新志已和船厂多次沟通，提前准备好方案和材料。每次维修，都必须是酷暑天，张新志和师傅们将1000多个零件小心翼翼地拆下，清洗晒干，修漏补缺，再上七八遍桐油，每天挥汗如雨，晒伤脱皮也是常事。

工期历时50天左右，要做到“修旧如旧”，功夫很深。现在很多工作，张新志都交给了徒弟李少敏，他从旁悉心教导，毫无保留，“我退休后，要靠他挑大梁了。”

张新志最怕的是恶劣天气，大雪天，要时刻观察雪情，及时清理积雪;台风季节要根据风向移位，把船转移到避风港，用绳子、铁锚加固。

曾经那些往事，历历在目，难忘难舍。

南湖没建水闸前，一到夏天就发大水，为了让游客如愿瞻仰红船，他和同事一起填沙包、铺跳板;

20多年前的一个夜晚，女儿正发高烧，他从电视里得知台风要来便立马赶往南湖，和同事一起跳入湖中，用绳索加固红船;

2001年6月，因台风天气，他和同事7天7夜不离岛，一直守护红船，每天就吃泡面;

2008年，江南罕见大雪，他跳入冰冷的湖中，将被积雪压倾斜的拖梢船扶正，回到岸上时，身体冻得僵硬;

……

“这么多年都围着红船转，现在一旦遇到恶劣天气，还是睡不着觉，条件反射一般，隔一会就给值班人员打电话问问。”张新志笑说，这是职业病了。

传播：讲解员要常讲常新，宣讲好红船故事

1月10日上午，南湖文化活动中心的一间排练房内，30多个老人在认真合奏，徐金巧站定、亮腔，排演现代京剧《杜鹃山》。

她一头紫红色的短发，大红绣花围巾，瘦高的身材，自带干练气场。

徐金巧年轻时是嘉兴地区京剧团的当家花旦。1984年，京剧团解散，徐金巧和张新志重新择业。当时，徐金巧才26岁，满是不舍。

考虑到自己普通话不错，1984年11月，徐金巧到南湖革命纪念馆做了讲解员，重新学一门立身之本。

刚开始并不顺利。她习惯性把唱京剧的腔调带进了讲解中，听起来特别奇怪。为此，她经常找单位的老师和同事求教，还特地去买了个录音机，边讲解边录，自我找茬。

讲解的文化知识也得重新学起来。中共党史、嘉兴的人文历史、名人文化、运河文化……不知道游客会问啥，只能多手准备。

“长沙新民学会有多少人？”“南湖水容量有多少？”……游客提的“刁钻”问题，还是会难倒徐金巧。休息时间，她就往资料室、档案馆、图书馆跑，或者请教相关专家。

凭着这股“好学”精神，徐金巧很快成了金牌讲解员，后来专门负责培训新讲解员。从仪容仪表、接待规范到讲解内容，都是手把手教。现在南湖景区的讲解员，基本上都是她的徒弟。

“讲解员要常讲常新，走出去学，请进来教，与时俱进，不断提高。”徐金巧说。

“不同的对象，就要采取不同的个性化方式来讲解。我还创新形式，带着徒弟们将讲解的内容编成板书、表演唱。”2005年，她还将“红船精神”融入宣讲中，向前来瞻仰紅船的游客讲述更为深刻的红船故事。

2014年，徐金巧从南湖革命纪念馆退休后，重拾爱好，与一帮热爱京剧的朋友一起排练交流。他们有个“现代京剧爱好者”微信群，部分是当年京剧团的成员。每周三，群友们从上海、杭州、湖州等地齐聚嘉兴，风雨无阻，已坚持一年多。endprint

“我们时常去敬老院、社区表演，一来做公益，二来也是爱好，传播国粹嘛！”她说，近来乐团也在排练一些红色剧目，如果建党百年时有表演需要，也用得上。

传承：女儿在红船边长大，父母是最好的老师

1米72的高个子，张一是个漂亮的姑娘。

毫不夸张地说，张一的“胎教”就在红船边。节假日是张新志夫妇最忙的时候，只得把张一带到单位，所以张一是在红船旁长大的。

徐金巧保存着女儿从小到大在红船旁拍的照片，没想到，女儿也和红船结下不解之缘。

“她当初报考南湖景区的讲解员，还是瞒着我的。”张新志笑说，“女儿自己非常努力，后来成了金牌讲解员，接待过很多领导。”

“从小看到父母对红船感情很深，觉得他们的工作很有意义，潜移默化影响了我吧。”张一2009年大学毕业后做讲解员到现在，其中有三年转岗做景区宣传策划，后来还是觉得喜欢在人前宣讲，去年9月又做回讲解员。

讲解员的苦，父母最清楚。节假日都忙，寒冬酷暑都要在室外带团，即使嗓子疼身体不舒服仍要笑脸相迎，保持好的精神面貌……可是女儿喜欢呀，父母只能支持。

在家里，母亲经常和她“切磋”。从党史到嘉兴人文知识，从待人接物到服装搭配，她们是母女，也是师徒。

“我会虚心听取建议，但我也会有自己的想法。”张一说，她喜欢创新表达，要既符合史实，又生动易懂。

张一说，她很幸运，父母是第一任老师，也是最好的老师。父亲教她认真、坚守;母亲教她吃苦、好学。

耳濡目染，张一对自己也很严格。一天要带两三个团日刷上万步，有时凌晨4点就要去接团，回到家身体累得散架。她在业务上和妈妈一样精益求精，自费去西安旅游，专程去陕西历史博物馆、西安博物馆，听同行讲解，对比学习。

浙江省青年崗位能手、嘉兴市青年岗位能手、嘉兴市技术操作能手……张一和父母一样优秀，获得很多荣誉。她看过《习近平的七年知青岁月》，“那是当代青年励志成长的鲜活教材，我现在要趁年轻不断积淀，脚踏实地。”

去年10月31日，习近平总书记带领中共中央政治局常委集体来嘉兴瞻仰红船，还参观了南湖革命纪念馆。这让张一一家深受鼓舞。

“要将‘红船精神与十九大精神结合起来，讲出嘉兴的生动故事。”张一说，她认真学习了十九大报告和习近平总书记南湖重要讲话，现在带团宣讲时，会结合时代特点，创新表达，让“红船精神”永放光芒。

（本文图片由沈志成摄）

In July 1921， the first national congress of the Communist Party of China was concluded on a tour boat on the South Lake in Jiaxing after the twelve representatives had held sessions in Shanghai and come to Jiaxing for the sake of security.

The boat is now called “Red Boat” and known to everyone. It symbolizes the heroic history of Chinese people seeking a way to rejuvenate the declining nation and build China strong and powerful. The Red Boat and the South Lake Revolution Memorial Museum attract millions of visitors a year.

In Jiaxing， Zhang Xinzhi， his wife Xu Jinqiao and their daughter Zhang Yi have a total devotion to the Red Boat.

Zhang Xinzhi

Zhang Xinzhi retired from the museum in October 2017 after working 33 years as the keeper of the boat. In his work years， he kept a diligent schedule. At eight oclock in the morning， he and his colleagues met at the pier to take a ferry to the isle in the middle of the lake. Upon arrival， he went to the boat and took a general inspection. There was a long checklist for his daily routine. He needed to check if the boat was in the right mooring spot， if the boat sat levelly on the water， if any parts of the boat were all right， if there was any damage， if the boat was kept clean.

The boat is now 59 years old. The boat which carried the first group of Chinese communists had long gone. The present boat was a reconstruction built in 1959. The design and relevant information and data came from the memories provided by Dong Biwu， a representative of the first national congress of the CPC， and other people， and from historical literature.endprint

An annual maintenance is conducted to assure the boat kept in good conditions and a daily inspection is still needed as it is moored outdoors. Every two years， the boat goes through a fifty-day overhaul. More than 1，000 parts of the boat are taken out， cleaned and dried， and replaced if necessary， and waterproofed， and installed back again. It is done in hottest summer days. Zhang participated in the biennial overhaul in the past 33 years. Nowadays， his disciple Li Shaomin has taken the work over.

Physically， the boat is 16 meters long， 3 meters wide， painted in the color of yellowish brown. There is a smaller boat roped to the tail part of the big one as a ferry boat to carry people on and off the tour boat.

Zhang Xinzhi remembers the first day he became the keeper of the boat. It was an October day in 1985. He started working for the museum that day. The biggest risks are bad weather. He watched the snow days and removed snow from the boat in time. In the typhoon season， he needed to move the boat to safety mooring places. If a typhoon hit， the boat must be moved to a shelter and fastened down.

Xu Jinqiao

His wife Xu Jinqiao came to work for the museum in 1984， a year before her husband. She had been a Peking Opera artist in Jiaxing. In 1984， the troupe ceased to be. She was 26 years old. As she spoke Putonghua， she chose to be a narrator for the museum.

The new career did not start off well. The first barrier she needed to remove was the Putonghua pronunciation. She was used to the way she spoke on the Peking Opera stage. Her narration at first sounded like the stage lines， which did not sound right to her new audience. She listened to the recordings of her narrations and practiced hard to get rid of the theater pronunciation.

Another barrier was much more difficult to overcome. She needed to make herself as knowledgeable as possible about almost anything about the early history of the Communist Party of China and anything else. Questions from visitors can come in any unexpected ways. How much water is there in the South Lake？ How many members did Xinmin Institute （an progressive organization founded in 1918 by Mao Zedong and his like-minded comrades in search of the way to change China before the CPC came into being） in Changsha have？ She did thorough research in local libraries and reading rooms until she became a walking encyclopedia on the history of the CPC and everything about Jiaxing. She became a gold-medal narrator of the museum. Toward the end of her narrator career， she was tasked to teach younger narrators. Nowadays， the narrators at the museum all received training under her tutelage.endprint

She retired from the museum in 2014. Nowadays， she has picked up Peking Opera again. A group of Peking Opera fans in Jiaxing has organized themselves into a club and maintains the bond on WeChat. Every Wednesday， fans from Shanghai， Hangzhou， Huzhou and other places come to Jiaxing and rehearse and stage shows.

Zhang Yi

Actually the daughter grew up with the Red Boat. She did not tell her parents when she signed up to be a narrator of the museum after her graduation from college in 2009. Professionally， she learned from her mother. She worked in another position at the museum for three years but found that she liked being a narrator. So she came back to be a narrator. She is now a gold-medal narrator. Being a narrator at this museum means hard work. Visitors come from all over China. Government officials， primary school， middle school and college students， and employees of institutions constitute a big part of visitors. Narrating for them takes hours. Sometimes she needs to receive two or three groups a day. Sometimes she needs to get up at four oclock to receive visitors.

She spares no efforts to improve herself. One year， she traveled to Xian， the capital of Shaanxi Province and did sightseeing around there. She went out of her way to visit Shaanxi History Museum and Xian Museum so as to hear how her counterparts in these institutions narrated for visitors.

For her excellent professional performance at the museum， Zhang has received honors at the provincial and the municipal level.endprint