科学界的巨匠

錢三强 1913.10.16～1992.6.18

核物理学家。原籍浙江湖州，生于浙江绍兴。1936年毕业于清华大学。受里奥—居里夫人指导，1940年获法国国家博士学位。中国科学院特邀顾问、研究员。在核物理研究中获多项重要成果，特别是发现重原子核三分裂和四分裂现象并对三分裂机制作了科学的解释。为中国原子能科学事业的创立、发展和“两弹”研制作出了突出贡献。在中国科学院以及国家的科学活动得组织推动等方面做出了重要贡献。

1955年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Nuclear physicist. Born in Shaoxing ，Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Qinghua University in 1936. Received French national doctor degree under the guidance of Yueori Curies in 1940.Research professor and special advisor， Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Qian made many important achievements in the research on nuclear physics. He discovered the phenomena of three-fission and four-fission of heavy atom nuclear and scientifically explained the mechanism of three-fission. He made outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of nuclear energy science in China and the development of atom bomb and hydrogen bomb. Qian also made important contributions to the organization and promotion of scientific activities of Chinese Academy of Sciences as well as that in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

钱伟长 1912.10.9～2010.7.30

力学家与数学家。江苏无锡人。1935年毕业于清华大学。1942年获加拿大多伦多大学博士学位。上海大学校长、教授。主要从事力学、应用数学等方面的研究与教学工并取得突出成就。是多个学术机构的创建人之一。研究建立了薄板薄壳的内禀理论，提出了浅壳理论的非线性微分方程组。在广义变分原理和有限元理论等研究方面取得多项突出成果。在电机计算理论等方面提出了独特见解。对教育、科技、经济等提出了很多有效建议。在发展教育方面做出了重要贡献。

1955年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Mechanics expert and mathematician. Born in Wuxi， Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1935. Received Ph.D. from Toronto University， Canada in 1942.President and professor， Shanghai University.

As one of the originators of many academic organizations， Qian has obtained outstanding achievements in the research and education of mechanics and applied mathematics. He founded the intrinsic theory of thin plates and thin shell and presented the nonlinear differential equations of shallow shell. In the field of generalized variational principles and finite element theory， he made several excellent results and offered some original views in the theory of electrical machinery computation. He presented many practical suggestions in education， economy and science and technology and made important contributions in developing Chinas education.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

钱临照 1906.7.9～1999.7.26

物理学家。江苏无锡人。1929年毕业于上海大同大学。1934年至1937年在英国伦敦大学留学。解放后任中国科学院物理研究所研究员，1958年起任中国科技大学教授。早年研究晶体范性形变、晶体缺陷和晶体错位理论。建立体心立方晶体随着晶体不同形变温度有三种不同滑移面的实验规律。在光谱学方面找到了以Green-Twyman 干涉仪研究光谱精细结构的方法。抗战期间与同事们共同研制光学显微镜及多种其他应用官学器具。开创了中国电子显微镜在固体物理方面的研究工作。在中国科技史研究和推进方面做出了重要贡献。在发展教育、培养科学人才等方面做了不少工作。endprint

1955年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist. Born in Wuxi， Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Shanghai Datong University in 1929. Studied in London University， UK from 1934 to 1937. Research professor， Institute of Physics， and professor， University of Science and Technology of China of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

I n h i s e a r l y y e a r s ， Q i a n s t u d i e d crystalopasticity， crystal defect and theory of dislocation. Baesd on the experiments， he formulated a rule that body-centered cubic crystals may have three different glide planes as the crystal is deformed at different temperature. He found a new method to study the structure of spectrum with Green-Twyman interferometer. From 1938 to 1945，together with his colleagues， he built hundreds of optical microscopes and other optical parts for war purpose. He also made important contributions to the research and promotion of scientific and technological history of China. He has done a vast amount of work in the development of education.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

黃 昆 1919.9.2～2005.7.6

固体物理、半导体物理学家。原籍浙江嘉兴，生于北京。1949年毕业于燕京大学。1948年获英国布里斯托尔大学博士学位。中国科学院半导体研究所研究员、所长、名誉所长。主要从事固体物理理论、半导体物理学等方面的研究并取得多项国际水平的成果，是中国半导体物理学研究的开创者之一。50年代与合作者首先提出多声子辐射和无辐射跃迁的量子理论即“黄—佩卡尔理论”；首先提出晶体中声子与电磁波的耦合振动模式及有关的基本方程—“黄方程”。40年代首次提出固体中杂质缺陷导致X光漫散射的理论—“黄散射”。证明了无辐射跃迁绝热近似和静态耦合理论的等价性，澄清了这方面的一些根本性问题。

1955年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Solid-state physicist and semiconductor physicist. Born in Beijing. Graduated from Yanjing University in 1941. Received Ph.D. from the University of Bristol， UK in 1948. Research professor ，director and honorary director， Institute of Semiconductors，Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Huang has been mainly engaged in research on the theory of solid-stated physics and semiconductor physics. He is known for many worldclass achievement and is one of the pioneers of semiconductor physics research in China.In the 1950s， he and his collaborators first put forward the quantum theory of multi-phonon transitions， i.e. Huang-Pekars theory. He was the first to develop the theory of coupled modes between phonons in crystals electromagnetic waves and basic equations related to the model， “Huangs Equation”. In the 1940s， he was the first to develop the theory that impurities and defects in solid materials result in X-ray diffuse scattering， which was named “Huangs Scattering”. He proved the equivalence of the theory of adiabatic approximation of non-radiative transitions to the static coupling theory and clarified some cardinal problems in this filed.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.endprint