马俊骥,郭 平,郭 昱,吴江华
·论著·
血浆miR-92a-3p和miR-204-5p及miR-186-5p诊断胆管癌的价值研究
马俊骥*,郭 平,郭 昱,吴江华
背景胆管癌(CCA)起源于胆管上皮细胞,起病隐匿,恶性度极高。循环血中微小RNA(miRNA)在CCA诊断中的价值尚待研究。目的探讨血浆miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p诊断CCA的价值,以期提高CCA的诊断水平。方法选取2015年5月—2016年1月河北医科大学第二医院符合纳入标准的CCA患者16例为病例组。同期选取本院无肝胆疾病患者15例为对照组。制备两组患者血浆标本,采用RT-qPCR法检测血浆miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p表达水平。采用二元Logistic回归分析计算miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p联合的Logistic回归方程;绘制miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p及其联合诊断CCA的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度、特异度、约登指数。结果病例组miR-92a-3p表达水平高于对照组,miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p表达水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p诊断CCA的AUC分别为0.708〔95%CI(0.524,0.892)〕、0.725〔95%CI(0.535,0.915)〕、0.750〔95%CI(0.576,0.924)〕,截断值分别为0.130 8、0.008 5、0.005 2,灵敏度分别为0.938、0.563、0.563,特异度分别为0.467、0.933、0.933,约登指数分别为0.405、0.496、0.496。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,Logit(P)=-0.031+9.167×miR-92a-3p-49.453×miR-186-5p -66.771×miR-204-5p,其诊断CCA的AUC为0.879〔95%CI(0.749,1.010)〕,截断值为0.095 8,灵敏度、特异度、约登指数分别为0.938、0.800、0.738。miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p联合诊断CCA的AUC大于miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p单独诊断CCA的AUC(P<0.05)。结论miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p可以用于CCA的诊断,且其联合诊断CCA的价值更高。
胆管肿瘤;诊断;血浆;肿瘤标记,生物学;微小RNA
马俊骥,郭平,郭昱,等.血浆miR-92a-3p和miR-204-5p及miR-186-5p诊断胆管癌的价值研究[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(30):3736-3739.[www.chinagp.net]
MA J J,GUO P,GUO Y,et al.Value of plasma miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma[J].Chinese General Practice,2017,20(30):3736-3739.
胆管癌(CCA)是一种由胆管上皮细胞分化而来的恶性肿瘤,占胃肠道肿瘤发生率的3%[1]。常用于CCA诊断的非侵入性检查主要有磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)和糖蛋白抗原19-9(CA19-9)。但MRCP对远端胆管显示不佳,可能会忽视胆管内的小充盈缺损,或将胆管内的空气、肿瘤误认为结石,导致正确率降低[2];而CA19-9的特异度、灵敏度较差,且在胆管结石所致的胆管炎、消化道其他肿瘤如胃癌患者中CA19-9表达水平也升高[3-4]。故寻找新的CCA分子生物学标志物具有一定的临床指导价值。
微小RNA(miRNA)是一类长度为18~25个核苷酸大小的非编码单链RNA。如果能在外周血循环中检测出肿瘤特异性表达的miRNA,对于肿瘤的早期诊断意义重大。本研究探讨血浆miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p诊断CCA的价值,以期提高CCA的诊断水平。
1.1 研究对象 选取2015年5月—2016年1月河北医科大学第二医院符合纳入标准的CCA患者16例为病例组。纳入标准:(1)年龄18~90岁;(2)根据临床症状及影像学检查结果等初步诊断为CCA,术后病理由资深病理科专家确诊为CCA;(3)尚未行手术、放疗、化疗。排除标准:合并其他部位的原发性恶性肿瘤。同期选取本院符合纳入标准的无肝胆疾病患者15例为对照组。纳入标准:腹部CT未发现急性化脓性胆管炎、胆总管结石、胆总管囊肿等肝胆系统病变。排除标准:合并其他部位的原发性恶性肿瘤、急性感染性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、药物性肝炎和酒精肝所致的血清胆红素升高。本研究已获河北医科大学第二医院伦理委员会批准(编号2013028),研究对象均签署知情同意书。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 收集一般资料 收集两组患者性别、年龄。
1.2.2 制备血浆标本 采集患者静脉血2 ml置于经乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-2K)处理的抗凝管中,抗凝处理后分装到2 ml无酶离心管中,4 ℃条件下1 600×g离心10 min,将上清液转移到另一个新的2 ml无酶离心管中,4 ℃条件下16 000×g再次离心10 min,吸取上层血浆转移到新的2 ml无酶离心管中,即为处理好的血浆标本,于-80 ℃冻存备用。二次离心后即可将血浆中的细胞碎片等物质除去,离心过程中使用的移液器和离心管均不含DNA酶和RNA酶,标本处理均在离体3 h内完成。
1.2.3 RT-qPCR法检测血浆miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p表达水平 应用RNA试剂盒提取血浆总RNA(含小分子RNA),应用miRcute miRNA cDNA第一链合成试剂盒将提取的总RNA转录成cDNA。应用miRNA SYBR Green试剂盒和美国ABI公司的Step One PlusTMqPCR系统进行qPCR反应,引物序列见表1;PCR反应条件:每个循环包括94 ℃变性20 s,60 ℃退火、延伸34 s,共45个循环。使用比较阈值法对RT-qPCR数据结果进行定量分析,采用2-ΔΔCt法进行统计分析,其中Ct是热循环反应中荧光强度达到荧光阈值的循环数,每个样品目的基因的Ct用加入的外参基因线虫cel-miR-39来标化,从而校正加入的RNA量,ΔCt目的基因=Ct目的基因-Ctcel-miR-39,分别获得两组每个标本的ΔCt值,2-ΔΔCt表示目的基因相对表达水平,即miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p表达水平。
2.1 两组患者一般资料比较 病例组中,男13例,女3例;年龄46~88岁,平均年龄(64.8±10.0)岁。对照组中,男11例,女4例;年龄51~77岁,平均年龄(61.6±9.2)岁。两组患者性别、年龄比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.685;t=0.925,P=0.362)。
2.2 两组患者miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p表达水平比较 病例组miR-92a-3p表达水平高于对照组,miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p表达水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表2)。
表1 PCR引物序列
表2 两组患者miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p表达水平比较〔M(QR)〕
Table2 Comparison of the expressions of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p between the two groups
组别例数miR-92a-3pmiR-204-5pmiR-186-5p对照组150.0654(0.1465)0.0102(0.0188)0.0066(0.0067)病例组160.1809(0.3589)0.0028(0.0095)0.0026(0.0062)u值66.00060.00066.000P值0.0330.0180.033
2.3 miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p及其联合诊断CCA的价值 miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p诊断CCA的AUC分别为0.708〔95%CI(0.524,0.892),P=0.048〕、0.725〔95%CI(0.535,0.915),P=0.033〕、0.750〔95%CI(0.576,0.924),P=0.018〕,截断值分别为0.130 8、0.008 5、0.005 2,灵敏度分别为0.938、0.563、0.563,特异度分别为0.467、0.933、0.933,约登指数分别为0.405、0.496、0.496(见图1)。
以CCA为因变量(赋值:是=1,否=0),miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p为自变量(连续型变量),进行二元Logistic回归分析,结果显示,Logit(P)=-0.031+9.167×miR-92a-3p-49.453×miR-186-5p-66.771×miR-204-5p,其诊断CCA的AUC为0.879〔95%CI(0.749,1.010),P<0.001〕,截断值为0.095 8,灵敏度、特异度、约登指数分别为0.938、0.800、0.738(见图1)。
miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p联合诊断CCA的AUC大于miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p单独诊断CCA的AUC,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.994、4.991、4.987,P=0.025、0.025、0.026)。
图1 miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p及其联合诊断CCA的ROC曲线
Figure1 ROC curves of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p,miR-186-5p and their combined diagnosis for CCA
CCA起病隐匿,在疾病出现症状时一般已到中晚期,预后不佳[5]。外周血标志物检测具有无创性、简便易行、结果稳定、易于重复、可以动态观察病情变化等诸多优点,并且外周血肿瘤标志物有助于癌症的筛查、早期诊断、治疗指导和预后判断,故而一直是研究热点。大量数据表明,多种肿瘤如胃癌、肝癌、非小细胞肺癌等患者外周血中miRNA表达谱与健康对照患者不同,且其表达具有组织特异性[6-8]。但是有关CCA患者循环血中miRNA表达的报道较少。因此,本研究重点探讨血浆miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p在CCA诊断中的价值。
miR-92a-3p是miR-17-92家族成员之一,在胃癌患者血浆中表达升高,其与转录因子密切相关,可以调节细胞的增殖与凋亡[9]。本研究结果显示,病例组miR-92a-3p表达水平高于对照组,说明血浆miR-92a-3p表达水平升高可能与CCA的发生有关。
miR-204表达水平降低与肿瘤发生有关,且其诊断非小细胞肺癌和子宫内膜癌的效果均优于目前现有的肿瘤标志物[10-11]。本研究结果显示,病例组miR-204-5p表达水平低于对照组,与QIU等[12]研究的miR-204在CCA组织中表达水平降低的结果一致。
有研究显示,颈部磷癌患者miR-186表达水平升高,miR-186诊断颈部磷癌的灵敏度和特异度较高,说明miR-186可以作为诊断颈部鳞癌的标志物,且其还可以用于评估治疗效果[13]。本研究结果显示,病例组miR-186-5p表达水平低于对照组,说明CCA患者和颈部鳞癌患者血浆miR-186-5p表达水平不同,原因可能与其作用机制不同有关。
本研究结果显示,miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p诊断CCA的AUC分别为0.708、0.725、0.750,截断值分别为0.130 8、0.008 5、0.005 2,灵敏度分别为0.938、0.563、0.563,特异度分别为0.467、0.933、0.933,约登指数分别为0.405、0.496、0.496;miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p联合诊断CCA的AUC为0.879,截断值为0.095 8,灵敏度、特异度、约登指数分别为0.938、0.800、0.738;miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p联合诊断CCA的AUC大于miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p单独诊断CCA的AUC;说明单一的miRNA诊断CCA的效果欠佳,联合诊断价值较高。
本研究尚需要结合患者临床分期,对患者进行密切随访,以了解血浆miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p在评估治疗效果和判断患者预后方面的应用价值。
综上所述,miR-92a-3p、miR-204-5p、miR-186-5p可以用于CCA的诊断,且其联合诊断CCA的价值更高。但由于本研究样本量较小,尚需要进一步扩大样本量进行验证。
作者贡献:马俊骥、郭昱进行文章的构思与设计,负责文章的质量控制及审校;马俊骥、郭平进行研究的实施与可行性分析,数据收集、整理和统计学处理;马俊骥、郭平、郭昱、吴江华进行结果的分析与解释,撰写论文;郭昱进行论文的修订;马俊骥进行英文的修订,并对文章整体负责,监督管理。
本文无利益冲突。
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ValueofPlasmamiR-92a-3p,miR-204-5pandmiR-186-5pintheDiagnosisofCholangiocarcinoma
MAJun-ji*,GUOPing,GUOYu,WUJiang-hua
DepartmentofGastroenterology,theSecondHospitalofHebeiMedicalUniversity;HebeiKeyLaboratoryofGastroenterology;HebeiInstituteofGastroenterology,Shijiazhuang050000,China
*Correspondingauthor:MAJun-ji,Associateprofessor,Associatechiefphysician;E-mail:majunji2006@163.com
BackgroundCholangiocarcinoma(CCA) originates from bile duct epithelial cells.It is occult and highly malignant.The value of circulating miRNA in the diagnosis of CCA remains to be studied.ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p for CCA,in order to improve the diagnostic level of CAA.MethodsSixteen patients with CCA who met the inclusion criteria and
treatment in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from May 2015 to January 2016 were included in the case group,and other eligible 15 patients without liver and gallbladder diseases treated in the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain rection(RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expressions of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p from plasma samples of all the patients.The Logistic regression equation of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p was calculated by binary Logistic analysis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was drawn to test the diagnostic value of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p,miR-186-5p and their combined diagnosis in patients with CCA.The area under the ROC curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity,and Youden′s index were calculated.ResultsThe miR-92a-3p expression in the case group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).However,the expressions of miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p were found to be lower in the case group(P<0.05).The AUC of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p for CCA diagnosis was 0.708〔95%CI(0.524,0.892)〕,0.725〔95%CI(0.535,0.915)〕,0.750〔95%CI(0.576,0.924)〕,respectively.The cutoff value of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p for CCA diagnosis was 0.130 8,0.008 5,0.005 2,respectively.The sensitivity of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p for CCA diagnosis was 0.938,0.563,0.563,respectively.The specificity of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p for CCA diagnosis was 0.467,0.933,0.933 respectively.The Youden′s index of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p for CCA diagnosis was 0.405,0.496,0.496 respectively.Binary Logistic analysis showed that Logit(P)=-0.031+9.167×miR-92a-3p-49.453×miR-186-5p-66.771×miR-204-5p,the AUC for CCA diagnosis was 0.879〔95%CI(0.749,1.010)〕,and the cutoff value,sensitivity,specificity and Youden′s index were 0.095 8,0.938,0.800,and 0.738 respectively.The AUC of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p for combined diagnosis of CCA was larger than that of miR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p and miR-186-5p for CCA diagnosis alone(P<0.05).ConclusionmiR-92a-3p,miR-204-5p,and miR-186-5p can be used for the diagnosis of CCA,and their combined diagnosis of CCA is of higher value.
Bile duct neoplasms;Diagnosis;Plasma;Tumor markers,biological;MicroRNA
R 735.8
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.00.087
2017-03-12;
2017-08-30)
(本文编辑:崔丽红)
河北省科技计划项目(14277757D)050000 河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学第二医院消化内科 河北省消化病实验室 河北省消化病研究所
*通信作者:马俊骥,副教授,副主任医师;E-mail:majunji2006@163.com