贺萍 陈竞适 张喻 杨柳 李建婷 阚旭辉
摘 要:通过对15种籼米原料蛋白质和脂肪含量的测定,分析了其与鲜湿米粉各项品质指标的相关性,并以与蛋白质和脂肪含量显著相关的鲜湿米粉品质指标作因变量,蛋白质含量和脂肪含量作自变量,得到相对应的标准化回归系数。结果表明:大米蛋白质含量与鲜湿米粉的口感、感官评分、硬度、黏性、咀嚼性呈显著正相关;与内聚性、弹性、回复性呈显著负相关;大米蛋白质含量对鲜湿米粉各项品质指标的作用大小依次为硬度>黏性>咀嚼性>总感官评分>口感>弹性>内聚性>回复性;大米脂肪含量与鲜湿米粉的口感、感官评分、硬度、咀嚼性呈显著正相关,与内聚性、弹性、回复性呈显著负相关;大米脂肪含量对鲜湿米粉各项品质指标的作用大小依次为硬度>黏性>口感>总感官评分>弹性>内聚性>回复性。
关键词:籼米;蛋白质含量;脂肪含量;鲜湿米粉;米粉品质
中图分类号:TS213.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2017)01-0073-04
Abstract: Taking15 kinds of indica rice as raw material, the content of protein and fat in rice were measured. The fresh rice noodles were respectively made from 15 kinds of indica rice, then physiochemical, sensory and texture of fresh rice noodles were analyzed, the relationship between rice protein and fat content and quality of fresh rice noodles were discussed. The results showed that the rice protein content was positively correlated with the taste, sensory scores, hardness, gumminess, chewiness of fresh rice noodles, and was negatively correlated with the cohesiveness, springiness, resilience of fresh rice noodles. The effect of protein content of rice on the quality indexes of fresh wet rice noodle is hardness>gumminess>chewiness of fresh rice noodles>sensory scores>taste>springiness>cohesiveness
>resilience of fresh rice noodles. Fat content was positively correlated with the taste, sensory scores, hardness, chewiness of fresh rice noodles, and was negatively correlated with cohesiveness, springiness and resilience of fresh rice noodles. The effect of rice fat content on the quality indexes of fresh wet rice noodle is hardness>gumminess>taste>sensory scores>springiness>cohesiveness>resilience of fresh rice noodles.
Key words:indica rice; protein content; fat content; fresh rice noodles; quality of rice noodles
鮮濕米粉是以大米为原料,经浸泡、磨浆、糊化成型、冷却等生产工序加工,未经干燥的米粉。鲜湿米粉是我国传统的米制品,具有食用方便、口感好、工艺简单等特点,在我国南方及港澳台地区广受欢
迎[1-2]。
蛋白质是大米中主要组成成分之一,主要分布在大米胚乳中,含量约为5%~11%,籼型稻中蛋白质含量一般为10%~20%,高于粳稻[3]。大米蛋白含量不仅是决定大米营养品质的重要指标,对大米及其加工制品的外观品质、加工品质、食用品质也有一定程度的影响。研究表明,大米蛋白通过与淀粉的相互作用,进一步影响米粉的糊化成型及老化回生,从而影响米粉的品质。
脂类在大米中含量不高,仅为0.3%~1%,因其含量极少,在米粉生产原料的选择中,通常会忽略这一指标。但有研究表明,大米中脂类物质对大米的储藏品质、食用品质等也有较大影响[4];另外,天然淀粉中直链淀粉—脂质复合物对淀粉的膨胀有抑制作用,从而使淀粉的糊化温度升高[5]。目前,关于大米中脂类含量变化对其加工制品及特性影响的报道较少。
因此,试验以湘早籼42等15个具有代表性的籼型水稻品种为材料,比较了不同蛋白质和脂肪含量的大米加工的鲜湿米粉的理化性质、感官品质和质构特性,并对大米中蛋白质和脂肪含量与鲜湿米粉品质的相关关系进行了研究,以期为筛选和培育适用于米粉加工的专用稻品种提供依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
采用湘早籼42、湘早籼45、湘早籼163、T优167、五优308、五优662、金优458、培优288、准两优608、益优701、桂朝99、桂朝13、荣优9号、中早39、中嘉早17等15个籼型水稻品种的大米为原料。原料均来源于湖南省农业科学院试验田,常温贮藏,垄谷碾米备用。