血清CD40配体水平与孤立性心房颤动的关系研究

2017-09-15 05:48艾文婷陈新军
实用心脑肺血管病杂志 2017年8期
关键词:结果显示配体内径

艾文婷,祁 杰,李 瑞,陈新军

·论著·

血清CD40配体水平与孤立性心房颤动的关系研究

艾文婷1,祁 杰1,李 瑞2,陈新军3

目的分析血清CD40配体(CD40L)水平与孤立性心房颤动(AF)的关系。方法选取2012—2015年陕西省人民医院微创外科收治的孤立性AF患者38例作为观察组,另选取同期体检健康者46例作为对照组。比较两组受试者临床资料、超声心动图检查指标及实验室检查指标,孤立性AF的影响因素分析采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,血清CD40L水平与孤立性AF患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平、左心房内径(LAD)的相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析。结果两组患者性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、吸烟史、收缩压、舒张压、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、室间隔舒张厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁舒张末厚度(LVPWT)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、空腹血糖及血清肌酐、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、尿酸水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和LAD大于对照组,血清CD40L和hs-CRP水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归结果显示,LVEDD〔OR=1.654,95%CI(1.252,2.184)〕、血清CD40L水平〔OR=1.392,95%CI(1.094,1.772)〕、血清hs-CRP水平〔OR=1.334,95%CI(1.028,1.731)〕是孤立性AF的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,LVEDD〔OR=1.677,95%CI(1.245,2.259)〕、血清CD40L水平〔OR=5.165,95%CI(2.215,12.046)〕、血清hs-CRP水平〔OR=1.473,95%CI(1.148,1.889)〕是孤立性AF的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清CD40L水平与孤立性AF患者血清hs-CRP水平、LAD呈正相关(r值分别为0.82、0.85,P<0.05)。结论血清CD40L水平与孤立性AF独立相关,且其水平变化与血清hs-CRP水平、LAD呈正相关。

孤立性心房颤动;CD40配体;关系研究

孤立性心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)好发于无心脏病变的中青年,是一种良性疾病。临床研究表明,炎性反应参与孤立性AF的发病过程[1-2]。超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C reactive protein,hs-CRP)作为全身炎性反应标志物之一,其水平升高与AF发病关系密切[3]。近期有研究显示,AF患者射频消融术后白介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和CD40配体(CD40 ligands,CD40L)水平明显降低[4];AF患者CRP、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)水平高于健康对照者[5]。CD40L是一种蛋白质,属于肿瘤坏死因子,其在动脉粥样硬化及炎症发生过程中扮演着重要角色。临床研究表明,单核细胞、血小板、T淋巴细胞、内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞均表达CD40L[6],血小板活化和CD40L激发免疫反应均可引发心血管事件[7]。本研究旨在分析血清CD40L水平与孤立性AF的关系,以期为孤立性AF的早期诊断及有效防治提供参考。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象 选取2012—2015年陕西省人民医院微创外科收治的孤立性AF患者38例作为观察组,均符合2006年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏学会/欧洲心脏病学会(ACC/AHA/ESC)制定的孤立性AF诊断标准[8]:经体表心电图或动态心电图监测至少1次确诊为持续性或阵发性AF,且经超声心动图检查证实心脏结构及血流正常[9]。另选择同期体检健康者46例作为对照组。纳入标准:18岁<年龄<60岁。排除标准:高血压继发AF者;合并心、肝、脾、肺、肾等重要脏器功能损伤者;合并甲状腺疾病、自身免疫系统疾病或严重器质性病变者;妊娠期或哺乳期妇女;有心胸手术史者;治疗过程中死亡者;对乙醇或毒品依赖者。本研究经陕西省人民医院医学伦理委员会审核批准,所有受试者知情同意。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 临床资料采集 记录两组受试者临床资料,包括性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、吸烟史、收缩压及舒张压。

1.2.2 超声心动图检查 两组受试者取左侧卧位,采用彩色多普勒成像仪(意大利ESAOTE公司生产)行经胸超声心动图,采用M型超声测量左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、室间隔舒张厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁舒张末厚度(LVPWT)、左心房内径(LAD),采用校正立方体积法计算左心室射血分数(LVEF)。

1.2.3 实验室检查 抽取两组受试者清晨空腹静脉血2~10 ml,采用 RT7200全自动血液分析仪(深圳雷杜公司生产)和AU2700型全自动生化分析仪(日本奥林巴斯公司生产)检测空腹血糖及血清肌酐、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、尿酸、CD40L、hs-CRP水平。

2 结果

2.1 临床资料、超声心动图检查指标及实验室检查指标 两组患者性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟史、收缩压、舒张压、LVESD、IVST、LVPWT、LVEF、空腹血糖及血清肌酐、TC、HDL、LDL、尿酸水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者LVEDD和LAD大于对照组,血清CD40L和hs-CRP水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表1)。

2.2 单因素Logistic回归分析 将LVEDD、LAD、CD40L、hs-CRP作为自变量,将孤立性AF作为因变量(变量赋值见表2)进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,LVEDD、血清CD40L水平、血清hs-CRP水平是孤立性AF的影响因素(P<0.05,见表3)。

表1 两组患者临床资料、超声心动图检查指标及实验室检查指标比较

注:BMI=体质指数,LVEDD=左心室舒张末期内径,LVESD=左心室收缩末期内径,IVST=室间隔舒张厚度,LVPWT=左心室后壁舒张末厚度,LAD=左心室内径,LVEF=左心室射血分数,TC=总胆固醇,HDL=高密度脂蛋白,LDL=低密度脂蛋白,CD40L=CD40配体,hs-CRP=超敏C反应蛋白;a为χ2值;1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa

表2 变量赋值

注:AF=心房颤动

表3 孤立性AF影响因素的单因素Logistic回归分析

Table3 Univariate Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of isolated AF

变量βSEWaldχ2值OR(95%CI)P值LVEDD0.5030.14212.5471.654(1.252,2.184)<0.01LAD0.1560.4380.1271.169(0.495,2.758)0.12CD40L0.3310.1237.2421.392(1.094,1.772)<0.01hs-CRP0.2880.1334.6891.334(1.028,1.731)<0.01

2.3 多因素Logistic回归分析 将单因素Logistic回归分析中有统计学差异的指标作为自变量,将孤立性AF作为因变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,LVEDD、血清CD40L水平、血清hs-CRP水平是孤立性AF的独立影响因素(P<0.05,见表4)。

2.4 相关性分析 Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清CD40L水平与孤立性AF患者血清hs-CRP水平、LAD呈正相关(r值分别为0.82、0.85,P<0.05,见图1)。

表4 孤立性AF影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析

Table4 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of isolated AF

变量βSEWaldχ2值OR(95%CI)P值LVEDD0.5110.15211.5691.677(1.245,2.259)<0.01CD40L1.6420.43214.4475.165(2.215,12.046)0.04hs-CRP0.3870.1279.2861.473(1.148,1.889)<0.01

3 讨论

炎症发生机制被认为与多种病理过程有关,且其在AF患者氧化应激、心肌细胞凋亡及心肌纤维化过程中发挥着重要作用,但炎症是AF的原因还是结果尚未明确。有研究表明,持续性AF患者复律后hs-CRP水平降低,提示炎症可能是AF的结果[10];也有研究表明,新发和慢性AF患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平高于健康对照者[11],提示炎症可能引发AF。

KUSHNIR等[12]认为孤立性AF患者存在心房组织异常表现,包括与细胞坏死灶相关的炎性浸润;郑黎晖等[13]研究显示,孤立性AF患者炎性标志物和氧化应激标志物水平高于健康对照者;GRIGORIADI等[14]研究表明,孤立性AF复发与ICAM-1、IL-6、丙二醛及硝基酪氨酸水平有关;CANPOLAT等[15]研究显示,阵发性孤立性AF患者血浆hs-CRP、纤连蛋白水平高于健康对照者,且血浆纤连蛋白和hs-CRP水平可作为左心房电重构的独立预测因子;ZHENG等[16]研究证实,电重构是AF的重要发病机制,而炎症和氧化应激在AF和电重构中发挥着重要作用。上述研究均表明,炎症和氧化应激与孤立性AF有关。

注:CD40L=CD40配体,LAD=左心房内径,hs-CRP=超敏C反应蛋白

图1 血清CD40L水平与孤立性AF患者血清hs-CRP水平、LAD关系的散点图

Figure1 Scatter diagram for relationship between serum CD40L level and hs-CRP,LAD of patients with isolated AF

CD40L作为一种促炎性反应和血栓形成因子,在AF病理生理过程中发挥着重要作用[17]。临床研究显示,急性脑梗死和急性冠脉综合征患者血液中可溶性CD40L水平持续升高,提示CD40L可能参与血栓形成及血小板活化[18]。此外,OSMANCIK等[19]研究显示,AF患者成功消融恢复窦性心律后,IL-6、CRP和CD40L水平明显降低。本研究结果显示,孤立性AF患者血清CD40L水平高于体检健康者,单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清CD40L水平是孤立性AF的影响因素,提示血清CD40L水平可能与孤立性AF有关;进一步进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,血清CD40L水平是孤立性AF的独立影响因素,提示血清CD40L水平与孤立性AF有关。LUAN等[20]研究结果显示,孤立性AF患者多效促炎性细胞因子——白介素18(IL-18)水平升高,且其水平与LAD呈正相关。本研究结果显示,血清CD40L水平与孤立性AF患者血清hs-CRP水平、LAD呈正相关,提示血清CD40L水平可能与炎性反应和电重构有关。分析CD40L参与炎性反应的可能机制如下:CD40-CD40L是一对跨膜糖蛋白,可介导炎性反应的起始过程;血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞等均可表达CD40L,而CD40L活化可促使上述细胞大量表达肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、ICAM-1、IL-6等,进而激活和加剧局部炎性反应。

综上所述,血清CD40L水平与孤立性AF独立有关,且其水平变化与血清hs-CRP水平、LAD呈正相关。本研究样本量较小,结果结论及具体作用机制还需要大样本量研究进一步证实。

作者贡献:艾文婷、陈新军进行文章的构思与设计、研究的实施与可行性分析;祁杰、李瑞进行数据收集、整理、分析;艾文婷、陈新军进行结果分析与解释;艾文婷撰写论文、进行论文及英文修订;陈新军、祁杰负责文章的质量控制及审校;艾文婷对文章整体负责,监督管理。

本文无利益冲突。

[1]FRIEDRICHS K,KLINKE A,BALDUS S.Inflammatory pathways underlying atrial fibrillation[J].Trends Mol Med,2011,17(10):556-563.DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.05.007.

[2]PIERRI M D,CRESCENZI G,ZINGARO C,et al.Prevention of atrial fibrillation and inflammatory response after on-pump coronary artery bypass using different statin dosages: a randomized,controlled trial[J].Gen Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg,2016,64(7):395-402.DOI:10.1007/s11748-016-0647-y.

[3]DAWOOD F Z,JUDD S,HOWARD V J,et al.High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation(from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study)[J].Am J Cardiol,2016,118(12):1826-1830.DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.08.069.

[4]ZHOU X,DU J L,YUAN J,et al.Statins therapy can reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis[J].Int J Med Sci,2013,10(2):198-205.DOI:10.7150/ijms.5248.

[5]LEFTHERIOTIS D I,FOUNTOULAKI K T,FLEVARI P G,et al.The predictive value of inflammatory and oxidative markers following the successful cardioversion of persistent lone atrial fibrillation[J].Int J Cardiol,2009,135(3):361-369.DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.04.012.

[6]COHOON K P,MAZUR M,MCBANE R D,et al.Association of Soluble CD40 Ligand With Duration of Atrial Fibrillation and With Intensity of Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast[J].JACC Clinical Electrophysiology,2016,2(5):623-632.DOI:10.1016/j.jacep.2016.03.006.

[7]邹美娜,毕国荣.可溶性CD40配体与心脑血管疾病关系的研究进展[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2016,24(4):5-8.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.04.002.

[8]王炳银,刘峰.2014 EHRA/HRS/APHRS室性心律失常专家共识解读[J].中华心脏与心律电子杂志,2014,2(4):253-256.DOI:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-6568.2014.4.006.

[9]李景莎,钟敬泉,齐书英,等.孤立性心房颤动的相关危险因素分析[J].中国循证心血管医学杂志,2014,6(2):187-189.DOI:10.3969/j.1674-4055.2014.02.19.

[10]O′NEAL W T,QURESHI W,ZHANG Z M,et al.Bidirectional association between atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure in the elderly[J].J Cardiovasc Med(Haqerstown),2016,17(3):181-186.DOI:10.2459/JCM.0000000000000289.

[11]SASAKI N,OKUMURA Y,WATANABE I,et al.Increased levels of inflammatory and extracellular matrix turnover biomarkers persist despite reverse atrial structural remodeling during the first year after atrial fibrillation ablation[J].J Interv Card Electrophysiol,2014,39(3):241-249.DOI:10.1007/s10840-013-9867-6.

[12]KUSHNIR A,RESTAINO S W,YUZEFPOLSKAYA M.Giant Cell Arteritis as a Cause of Myocarditis and Atrial Fibrillation[J].Circ Heart Fail,2016,9(2):e002778.DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002778.

[13]郑黎晖,姚焰,吴灵敏,等.孤立性心房颤动患者血浆高敏C反应蛋白与大内皮素-1浓度变化及相互的关系[J].中国循环杂志,2015,30(3):240-243.

[14]GRIGORIADI N E,KARPUNINA N S,VASILEZ L M,et al.New units in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation in patients with CHD and hypertension[J].Middle East Journal of Scientific Research,2013,17(11):1551-1554.

[15]CANPOLAT U,OTO A,YORGUN H,et al.Association of plasma fibronectin level with left atrial electrical and structural remodelling in lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a cross-sectional study[J].Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars,2015,43(3):259-268.DOI:10.5543/tkda.2015.83893.

[16]ZHENG L H,YAO Y,WU L M,et al.Relationships of High-sensitive C-reactive Protein and P-wave Dispersionin Lone Atrial Fibrillation[J].Chin Med J(Enql),2015,128(11):1450-1454.DOI:10.4103/0366-6999.157649.

[17]BOZ?ALI E,POLAT V,KUTLU G,et al.Relationship between serum level of CD40 ligand and persistent lone atrial fibrillation[J].Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars,2016,44(5):389-396.DOI:10.5543/tkda.2016.03061.

[18]吴甜,郭韧,张毕奎,等.CD40/CD40L基因及其多态性与动脉粥样硬化的研究进展[J].中南大学学报(医学版),2012,37(4):413-418.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7347.2012.04.017.

[19]OSMANCIK P,PEROUTKA Z,BUDERA P,et al.Changes in cytokine concentrations following successful ablation of atrial fibrillation[J].Eur Cytokine Netw,2010,21(4):278-284.DOI:10.1684/ecn.2010.0216.

[20]LUAN Y,GUO Y,LI S,et al.Interleukin-18 among atrial fibrillation patients in the absence of structural heart disease[J].Europace,2010,12(12):1713-1718.DOI:10.1093/europace/euq321.

(本文编辑:谢武英)

RelationshipbetweenSerumCD40LigandLevelandIsolatedAtrialFibrillation

AIWen-ting1,QIJie1,LIRui2,CHENXin-jun3

1.DepartmentofCardiology,thePeople′sHospitalofShaanxiProvince,Xi′an710068,China2.DepartmentofCardiology,theFirstHospitalofHANBINDistrict,Ankang,Ankang725000,China3.DepartmentofEmergency,thePeople′sHospitalofShaanxiProvince,Xi′an710068,China

Correspondingauthor:CHENXin-jun,E-mail:cxjwol@163.com

ObjectiveTo analyze the correlation between serum CD40 ligand(CD40L)level and isolated atrial fibrillation.MethodsFrom 2012 to 2015 in the Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery,the People′s Hospital of Shaanxi Province,a total of 38 patients with isolated atrial fibrillation were selected as observation group,a total of 46 healthy people were selected as control group.Clinical data,echocardiographic examination results and laboratory examination results were compared between the two groups,univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of isolated atrial fibrillation,and correlations of serum CD40L level with serum hs-CRP and LAD of patients with isolated atrial fibrillation were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsNo statistically significant differences of gender,age,BMI,smoking history,SBP,DBP,LVESD,IVST,LVPWT,LVEF,FPG,serum level of Cr,TC,HDL,LDL or UA was found between the two groups(P>0.05);LVEDD and LAD of observation group were statistically significantly larger than those of control group,meanwhile serum levels of CD40L and hs-CRP of observation group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05).Univariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that,LVEDD〔OR=1.654,95%CI(1.252,2.184)〕,serum CD40L level〔OR=1.392,95%CI(1.094,1.772)〕and serum hs-CRP level〔OR=1.334,95%CI(1.028,1.731)〕were influencing factors of isolated atrial fibrillation(P<0.05);multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that,LVEDD〔OR=1.677,95%CI(1.245,2.259)〕,serum CD40L level〔OR=5.165,95%CI(2.215,12.046)〕and serum hs-CRP level〔OR=1.473,95%CI(1.148,1.889)〕were independent influencing factors of isolated atrial fibrillation(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed that,serum CD40L level was positively correlated with serum hs-CRP level(r=0.82)and LAD(r=0.85)of patients isolated atrial fibrillation(P<0.05).ConclusionSerum CD40L level was independently correlated with isolated atrial fibrillation,and it is positively correlated with serum hs-CRP level and LAD,respectively.

Isolated atrial fibrillation;CD40 ligand;Relationship research

陈新军,E-mail:cxjwol@163.com

R 541.75

A

10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2017.08.009

2017-05-26;

2017-08-02)

1.710068陕西省西安市,陕西省人民医院心内科

2.725000陕西省安康市汉滨区第一医院心内科

3.710068陕西省西安市,陕西省人民医院急诊科

艾文婷,祁杰,李瑞,等.血清CD40配体水平与孤立性心房颤动的关系研究[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2017,25(8):37-40,52.[www.syxnf.net]

AI W T,QI J,LI R,et al.Relationship between serum CD40 ligand level and isolated atrial fibrillation[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2017,25(8):37-40,52.

猜你喜欢
结果显示配体内径
产前MRI量化评估孕20~36周正常胎儿心室内径价值
接触式轴承内径检测机检测探头的结构设计
最严象牙禁售令
窄内径多孔层开管柱的制备及在液相色谱中的应用
基于配体邻菲啰啉和肉桂酸构筑的铜配合物的合成、电化学性质及与DNA的相互作用
第四次大熊猫调查结果显示我国野生大熊猫保护取得新成效
新型三卟啉醚类配体的合成及其光学性能
脂蛋白相关性磷脂酶A2及高敏C反应蛋白与左心房内径的关系
基于Schiff Base配体及吡啶环的铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)配合物构筑、表征与热稳定性
系列含4,5-二氮杂-9,9′-螺二芴配体的钌配合物的合成及其性能研究