樊 荣,穆亚宁,任晓红
·中医·中西医结合·
小儿双解止泻颗粒联合鞣酸苦参碱胶囊治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤的临床疗效
樊 荣,穆亚宁,任晓红
目的 观察小儿双解止泻颗粒联合鞣酸苦参碱胶囊治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤的临床疗效。方法 选取2015年5月—2016年5月宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿童医院收治的轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤患儿74例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组37例。在常规治疗基础上,对照组患儿给予鞣酸苦参碱胶囊治疗,观察组患儿在对照组基础上加用小儿双解止泻颗粒;两组患儿均连续治疗7 d。比较两组患儿临床疗效、症状缓解时间及治疗前后血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,并观察两组患儿治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组患儿临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患儿腹痛、恶心呕吐、腹鸣、腹泻缓解时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患儿血清LDH、CK、CK-MB、AST水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患儿血清LDH、CK、CK-MB、AST水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗期间不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 小儿双解止泻颗粒联合鞣酸苦参碱胶囊治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤的临床疗效确切,可快速、有效地缓解患儿症状,减轻患儿心肌损伤,且安全性较高。
轮状病毒感染;心肌疾病;小儿双解止泻颗粒;鞣酸苦参碱胶囊;心肌酶谱;治疗结果
樊荣,穆亚宁,任晓红.小儿双解止泻颗粒联合鞣酸苦参碱胶囊治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤的临床疗效[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2017,25(7):92-95.[www.syxnf.net]
FAN R,MU Y N,REN X H.Clinical effect of xiaoer shuangjie zhixie keli combined with sophora alkaloids tannate capsules in treating rotavirus enteritis children complicated with myocardial injury and the impact on myocardial enzymes[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2017,25(7):92-95.
小儿轮状病毒性肠炎是临床常见急性消化道传染病之一,由轮状病毒感染引起,主要通过粪-口途径传播,患儿主要临床表现为腹泻、急性发热及呕吐等[1-2]。小儿轮状病毒性肠炎可导致多系统损伤,其中心肌损伤较为常见,患儿主要表现为心电图异常及心肌酶谱增高等,如得不到及时有效治疗则可能造成心脏不可逆损伤,甚至诱发猝死,严重威胁患儿生命安全[3-4]。
目前,临床上尚无治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎的特效药物,多采用蒙脱石散等进行对症治疗,但整体治疗效果不十分理想[5]。近年研究表明,中西医结合治疗小儿胃肠道疾病具有更好的临床疗效[6]。小儿双解止泻颗粒具有解表清热及祛湿止泻功效,已广泛用于治疗轮状病毒性肠炎[7];鞣酸苦参碱胶囊的主要有效成分为有机鞣酸弱碱盐类,适用于治疗急慢性腹泻及功能性腹泻[8]。本研究旨在观察小儿双解止泻颗粒联合鞣酸苦参碱胶囊治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤的临床疗效,现报道如下。
1.1 一般资料 选取2015年5月—2016年5月宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿童医院收治的轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤患儿74例,年龄2个月~5岁,均符合《诸福棠实儿科学》[9]中的轮状病毒性肠炎诊断标准,并经心脏彩超、心肌酶谱及心电图检查确诊。排除标准:(1)伴有先天性心脏病、心血管疾病或脑膜炎者;(2)对本研究所用药物过敏者。采用随机数字表法将所有患儿分为对照组与观察组,每组37例。两组患儿性别、年龄、发病至入院时间、心肌肌钙蛋白阳性率、心电图异常者所占比例、心肌酶升高者所占比例及脱水严重程度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,见表1),具有可比性。本研究经宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿童医院医学伦理委员会审核批准,所有患儿家属自愿参加本研究并签署知情同意书。
1.2 治疗方法 两组患儿入院后均给予补液、补充电解质等常规治疗,对照组患儿在常规治疗基础上给予鞣酸苦参碱胶囊(贵州万顺堂药业有限公司生产,生产批号:2014110923),1粒/次,3次/d,饭后服用;观察组患儿在对照组基础上加用小儿双解止泻颗粒(内蒙古惠丰药业有限公司生产,生产批号:2014120921),<1岁者2 g/次,1~3岁者4 g/次,4~5岁者6 g/次,均3次/d。两组患儿均连续治疗7 d。
1.3 观察指标 (1)临床疗效。(2)症状缓解时间,包括腹痛、恶心呕吐、腹鸣、腹泻。(3)心肌酶谱指标:分别于治疗前后采集两组患儿肘静脉血5 ml,3 000 r/min离心5 min(离心半径10 cm),采用日本岛津7170A生化分析仪检测血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平。(4)观察两组患儿治疗期间不良反应发生情况,出现严重不良反应者需立即停药并进行对症处理,同时上报本院医院伦理委员会及药物不良反应办公室。
1.4 临床疗效判定标准 (1)显效:治疗72 h后患儿症状基本消失,粪便性状和排便次数恢复正常;(2)有效:治疗72 h后患儿症状得到有效缓解,粪便性状和排便次数明显改善;(3)无效:治疗72 h后患儿症状、粪便性状及排便次数无改善或出现加重[10]。
2.1 临床疗效 观察组患儿临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(u=4.901,P<0.05,见表2)。
表2 两组患儿临床疗效比较〔n(%)〕
2.2 症状缓解时间 观察组患儿腹痛、恶心呕吐、腹鸣、腹泻缓解时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表3)。
表3 两组患儿症状缓解时间比较
2.3 心肌酶谱指标 治疗前两组患儿血清LDH、CK、CK-MB、AST水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患儿血清LDH、CK、CK-MB、AST水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表4)。
2.4 不良反应 治疗期间对照组患儿出现头晕1例、恶心呕吐1例、乏力1例,不良反应发生率为8.1%;观察组患儿出现头晕1例、恶心呕吐1例、乏力2例,不良反应发生率为10.8%。两组患儿治疗期间不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.115,P>0.05)。
表1 两组患儿一般资料比较
注:a为t值,b为u值,余检验统计量值为χ2值
表4 两组患儿治疗前后心肌酶谱指标比较
注:LDH=乳酸脱氢酶,CK=肌酸激酶,CK-MB=肌酸激酶同工酶,AST=天冬氨酸氨基转移酶
小儿轮状病毒性肠炎是导致小儿秋冬季腹泻的最常见原因,其主要通过粪-口途径传播,多呈散发或小流行,也可以气溶胶形式经由呼吸道感染而致病[11-12]。小儿轮状病毒性肠炎好发于6个月~2岁儿童,起病初期多表现为恶心呕吐,随即出现腹鸣、腹泻及腹痛等[13-14]。轮状病毒进入人体后可通过破损的胃肠道黏膜进入循环系统及心脏,可直接侵犯心肌或通过继发性免疫损伤而造成心肌损伤,主要表现为心肌酶水平异常升高、心电图异常等[15]。小儿轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤病情严重程度较重,若得不到及时、有效的治疗则易引起猝死[16-17]。因此,积极寻找轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤的有效治疗方法具有重要临床意义。
中医学理论认为,小儿轮状病毒性肠炎辨证多为湿热证,治则以清热利湿为主[18]。小儿双解止泻颗粒主要由升麻、黄芩、车前子(盐炒)、葛根、诃子(煨)及地锦草组成,具有抗病毒、抗炎及解热镇痛作用[19],其中升麻具有清热解毒、升阳举陷功效,黄芩具有清热利湿功效,车前子具有利湿功效,葛根具有升阳止泻、解表清热功效,诃子具有收敛固涩功效,地锦草具有清热解毒、利湿功效,方药组成正中腹泻之病机,可有效改善病毒性肠炎患儿大便次数及大便性状[20]。鞣酸苦参碱胶囊为五倍子鞣质与苦参根部总生物碱通过化学反应而生成的有机鞣酸弱碱盐,其中苦参根部总生物碱具有增强机体免疫功能、抗菌及升高白细胞计数作用,五倍子鞣质可促进肠黏膜表层蛋白质沉淀并形成一种保护膜,有利于抑制炎性渗出物进入肠道内、缓解肠道刺激并减少肠蠕动,进而达到止泻的目的[21]。
本研究结果显示,观察组患儿临床疗效优于对照组,腹痛、恶心呕吐、腹鸣及腹泻缓解时间均短于对照组,表明小儿双解止泻颗粒联合鞣酸苦参碱胶囊治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤的临床疗效确切,可快速、有效地缓解患儿症状。心肌酶谱指标是反映心肌损伤的常用指标,其血清水平与心肌损伤程度成正比[22-23]。本研究结果显示,治疗后观察组患儿血清LDH、CK、CK-MB、AST水平低于对照组,提示小儿双解止泻颗粒联合鞣酸苦参碱胶囊能有效减轻轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤患儿心肌损伤。本研究结果还显示,两组患儿治疗期间不良反应发生率间无差异,提示小儿双解止泻颗粒联合鞣酸苦参碱胶囊治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤的安全性较高。
综上所述,小儿双解止泻颗粒联合鞣酸苦参碱胶囊治疗小儿轮状病毒性肠炎伴心肌损伤的临床疗效确切,可快速、有效地缓解患儿症状,减轻患儿心肌损伤,且安全性较高。但本研究样本量较小,未能深入分析小儿双解止泻颗粒及鞣酸苦参碱胶囊的具体作用机制,需在今后的研究中进一步深入分析。
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(本文编辑:李伟)
Clinical Effect of Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Keli Combined with Sophora Alkaloids Tannate Capsules in Treating Rotavirus Enteritis Children Complicated with Myocardial Injury and the Impact on Myocardial Enzymes
FANRong,MUYa-ning,RENXiao-hong
TheThirdDepartmentofPediatrics,Children′sHospitalofBaojiMaternalandChildHealthServiceCenter,Baoji721000,China
Objective To observe the clinical effect of Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Keli combined with Sophora Alkaloids Tannate Capsules in treating rotavirus enteritis children complicated with myocardial injury.Methods A total of 74 rotavirus enteritis children complicated with myocardial injury were selected in Children′s Hospital of Baoji Maternal and Child Health Service Center from May 2015 to May 2016,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,each of 37 cases.Based on conventional treatment,children of control group
Sophora Alkaloids Tannate Capsules,while children of observation group received Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Keli;both groups continuously treated for 7 days.Clinical effect,symptoms remission time,serum levels of LDH,CK,CK-MB and AST before and after treatment were compared between the two groups,and incidence of adverse reactions was observed during the treatment.Results Clinical effect of observation group was statistically significantly better than that of control group(P<0.05).Remission time of stomachache,nausea and vomiting,barborygmus and diarrhea of observation group was statistically significantly shorter than that of control group,respectively(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of serum level of LDH,CK,CK-MB or AST was found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05),while serum levels of LDH,CK,CK-MB and AST of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those of control group after treatment(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of incidence of adverse reactions was found between the two groups during the treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Keli combined with Sophora Alkaloids Tannate Capsules has certain clinical effect in treating rotavirus enteritis children complicated with myocardial injury,can quickly and effectively relive the symptoms,reduce the myocardial injury,and is relatively safe.
Rotavirus infections;Cardiomyopathies;Xiaoer Shuangjie Zhixie Keli;Sophora Alkaloids Tannate Capsules;Myocardial enzymes;Treatment outcome
R 512.5 R 542.2
B DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2017.07.023
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10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2010.08.006.
2017-04-16;
2017-07-15)
721000陕西省宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿童医院儿三科