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[摘要]目的 研究首发精神分裂症患者脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及神经生长因子(NGF)的血清浓度与临床症状的相关性。方法 以2015年9月~2016年11月我院早期干预科住院的38例首发精神分裂症患者和50例健康体检者为研究对象,使用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定BDNF和NGF血清浓度,使用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定患者组临床症状,对两组BDNF、NGF血清濃度进行比较,使用Pearson相关分析对患者组PANSS分和BDNF、NGF血清浓度进行相关分析。结果 患者组的血清BDNF水平[(2913.19±638.30)pg/ml]显著低于对照组[(3553.05±685.98)pg/ml](t=4.465,P<0.01)。患者组的血清NGF水平[(36.96±8.28)pg/ml]显著低于对照组[(44.30±10.94)pg/ml](t=3.450,P<0.01)。患者组BDNF血清浓度与PANSS各项分之间没有相关性;患者组NGF血清浓度与PANSS阴性分成负相关(r=-0.256,P<0.05),与PANSS总分、阳性分和一般分之间没有相关性;患者组BDNF与NGF血清浓度成正相关(r=0.378,P<0.01)。结论 精神分裂症患者存在认知功能损害,精神分裂症患者血清NGF可能影响神经生长发育;BDNF和NGF在精神分裂症发病机制中所起的作用相似。
[关键词]精神分裂症;脑源性神经营养因子;神经生长因子
[中图分类号] R749.05 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)07(a)-0050-03
Research on serum correlation of neurotrophin and clinical symptoms in first episode Schizophrenia
WAN Jing HUANG Cai-ying XUE Kun-xi HU Jing PING Jun-jiao DU Bao-guo
Department of Early Intervention,the Third People′s Hospital of Zhongshan,Guangdong Prouince,Zhongshan 528451,China
[Abstract]Objective To study the correlation among brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),nerve gowth factor(NGF)and the clinical manifestation in first episode schizophrenia.Methods Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to quantitate BDNF and NGF serum levels of 38 first episode schizophrenic patients hospitalized in Department of Early Intervention of our Hospital from September 2015 to November 2016 and 50 healthy people for medical examinations.Positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) was used to evaluate the clinical state of the patients.BNDF and NGF serum concentration of the two groups was analyzed.Pearson correlative analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between BDNF,NGF serum concentrations and PANSS scores in patient group.Results No statistical differences was found in age,gender or years of education in two groups.Lower BDNF serum levels[(2913.19±638.30)pg/ml] were found(t=4.465,P<0.01)in the patient group than in healthy subjects[(355.3±685.98)pg/ml].Lower NGF serum concentrations[(36.96±8.28)pg/ml] were found (t=3.450,P<0.01)in the patient group than in the controls [(44.30±10.94)pg/ml].BDNF serum concentrations and PANSS scores were not correlated in patient group.There were no correlations found among,PANSS-positive scores,PANSS-general scores and PANSS-Total scores in the patient group,however,NGF serum levels were negatively related to PANSS-negtive scores in patient group (r=-0.256,P<0.05).BDNF was found positively related to NGF serum levels(r=0.378,P<0.01).Conclusion Cognitive impairments occurred in schizophrenic patients,and NGF in the serum may impact growth and development of nervous system.BDNF and NGF may play similar role on nosogenesis of schizophrenia.
[Key words]Schizophrenia;BDNF;NGF
精神分裂症的病因及发病机理尚未明确。目前对该病最有影响的假说是神经发育假说,尤其是大脑进行性发育障碍的假说[1]。神经营养因子家族的重要成员脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和神经生长因子(NGF),均在调节突触可塑性方面具有一定作用,也被广泛认为在调节认知功能发挥重要作用。BDNF和NGF也对多巴胺能神经元和五羟色胺神经元的存活、生长和维持方面具有调控作用,故其可能在精神分裂症病理过程中发挥一定的作用[2]。既往有研究显示精神分裂症BDNF和NGF的血清水平低于正常人群[3],本研究以首发精神分裂症患者为研究对象,比较了首发精神分裂症患者和对照组的BDNF、NGF血清浓度,进一步分析了患者组BDNF、NGF血清浓度和PANSS各项分三者之间的相关性。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
以2015年9月~2016年11月在我院早期干预科住院的38例首发精神分裂症住院患者为研究组。入组标准:①符合《国际疾病与相关健康问题统计分类》(International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,ICD-10)中精神分裂症的诊断标准;②PANSS总分≥60分;③入院前未服过抗精神病药、抗抑郁剂、情感稳定剂与抗癫痫药;④无癫痫、脑炎等其他脑器质性疾病史,无药物成瘾史。以50名健康体检人员为正常对照组,对照对象均来自我院实习生、护工、护士等群体。两组均签署知情同意书。本研究已通过医院伦理委员会审批。
1.2方法
研究对象于入组后次日空腹取5 ml肘静脉血。采血后将血清分离,冰冻于-20℃冰箱待检测。选用武汉博士德生物工程有限公司试剂盒,采用双抗体夹心ELISA进行血清BDNF、NGF水平测定,操作步骤依照说明书进行。临床症状由接受过PANSS评定一致性培训的2名精神科主治医师评定,评定要在患者入组1周内完成。
1.3统计学方法
采用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析,计量资料采用t检验,使用Pearson进行相关分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者一般资料的比较
两组研究对象的性别、年龄、受教育程度等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2两组患者血清BDNF、NGF浓度比较
患者组的血清BDNF水平[(2913.19±638.30)pg/ml]低于对照组[(3553.05±685.98)pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(t=4.465,P=0.000)。患者组的血清NGF水平[(36.96±8.28)pg/ml]低于对照组[(44.30±10.94)pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(t=3.450,P=0.001)(图1)。
2.3患者组的BDNF、NGF血清浓度和PANSS评分相关性分析
患者组BDNF与NGF血清浓度成正相关(r=0.378,P=0.000);患者组的BDNF血清浓度与PANSS各项分之间未发现相关性(P>0.05);患者组NGF血清浓度和PANSS阴性分存在负相关(r=-0.468,P=0.003);NGF的血清浓度和其他PANSS评分之间无相关性(P>0.05)(表2)。
*P<0.05
3讨论
本研究显示,精神分裂症患者组的两种细胞营养因子BDNF、NGF血清浓度显著低于对照组,这与既往的研究一致[4-5]。NGF对于胆碱能神经元的发展具有决定性的作用,胆碱能神经元与学习和记忆有密切关系。尸体解剖发现死后的大脑胆碱能活性降低。因此NGF可能具有潜在的提高认知功能的作用,这些也在精神分裂症中有所发现[6]。循环中神经营养因子浓度的改变,可能会导致神经构造的改变和认知功能的缺损,尤其是会影响到信息加工,这往往是精神分裂症出现最基础的生化改变。神经生长因子的不足,可能是精神分裂症的一个生化内在表型[7-8]。本研究的结果支持这一结论。有动物试验研究表明,血液中BDNF水平可以反映脑组织中BDNF的水平,且有研究表明精神分裂症患者大腦中BDNF mRNA水平和蛋白表达水平也较正常人降低[9]。有研究显示,BDNF可以促进神经细胞的生存,增加突触可塑性及神经再生,且能影响中脑边缘系统与多巴胺系统间的相互作用[10]。多巴胺假说指出,多巴胺能受体异常在精神分裂症发生过程中具有重要作用,而BDNF可以通过调控多巴胺D1受体功能,而与中脑边缘多巴胺系统存在相互作用,故而推测BDNF可能是参与精神分裂症病理生理过程的重要物质[11-12]。BDNF、NGF在神经元发育及功能保持中起重要作用,其水平的下降可能会导致脑功能的损伤,尤其是信息传递方面的功能缺损,进而导致脑的病理改变,可能对精神分裂症的发病过程起到至关重要的作用[13]。本研究提示了这两种神经营养因子的缺失导致神经保护作用减弱,一定程度上导致精神分裂症的发病,但具体机制尚不明确。
另外,本研究还显示NGF血清浓度与患者的PANSS阴性症状分成负相关,与之前的研究一致[14]。精神分裂症患者的阴性症状可以持续存在终生,常常表现为缓慢地进行性加重趋势,可能是大脑发育性损害的标志。有研究表明,NGF对胆碱能神经元有重要的营养作用,其浓度改变会导致脑的损伤继而影响认知功能[15]。我们并没有发现BDNF与PANSS分相关,但发现精神分裂症患者中NGF与BDNF的血清浓度成正相关。BDNF和NGF作为神经营养家族的重要成员,有着相似的神经保护作用,本研究结果可推测这两种因子在精神分裂症的病理生理机制中所起的作用相似。
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(收稿日期:2017-05-02 本文編辑:崔建中)