党玉婷,尹亮,孙侃,常向云
(石河子大学医学院第一附属医院内分泌代谢科,新疆 石河子 832002)
血清胎球蛋白A水平与胰岛素抵抗及颈动脉内膜中层厚度在初诊2型糖尿病患者中的相关性分析*
党玉婷,尹亮,孙侃,常向云
(石河子大学医学院第一附属医院内分泌代谢科,新疆 石河子 832002)
目的旨在探讨初诊2型糖尿病(nT2DM)患者血清胎球蛋白A(FA)水平与胰岛素抵抗(IR)及颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)的相关性。方法选取nT2DM患者100例作为病例组(T2DM组),糖耐量正常(NGT)者100例作为对照组(NGT组),采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA法)试剂盒检测血清FA浓度,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评估IR,运用彩色超声诊断仪测定CIMT,分析血清FA浓度与各项临床资料之间的相关性。结果T2DM组血清FA水平(368.5±15.6)mg/ml高于NGT组血清FA水平(152.7±7.1)mg/ml,差异有统计学意义(=0.000);FA水平与HOMA-IR(=0.483,=0.000)、CIMT(=0.509,=0.000)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)(=0.153,=0.042)、三酰甘油(TG)(=0.353,=0.000)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)(=0.113,=0.023)、体重指数(BMI)(=0.162,=0.024)、收缩期血压(SBP)(=0.182,=0.035)、空腹血糖(FPG)(=0.422,=0.002)及2 h葡萄糖负荷血糖(2 h OGTT)(=0.581,=0.000)呈正相关,与空腹血浆胰岛素(FINS)(=-0.153,=0.008)、2 h葡萄糖负荷血浆胰岛素(PINS)(=-0.423,=0.008)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)(=-0.183,=0.011)和HOMA-β细胞胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-IS)(=-0.463,=0.000)呈负相关。结论nT2DM患者血清FA水平与IR及CIMT之间存在相关性,研究结果表明,血清FA水平可作为诊断nT2DM患者大血管病变的独立生物学标志物。
初诊2型糖尿病;胎球蛋白A;胰岛素抵抗;颈动脉内膜中层厚度
动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)是2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)大血管并发症的主要病理特征,也是T2DM患者死亡的首要原因。T2DM患者心血管疾病的发生率远较血糖正常(normal glucose tolerance,NGT)者高[1]。部分初诊2型糖尿病(newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus,nT2DM)患者不具有典型的临床表现,甚至几乎不具有临床症状,而高血糖是其唯一指征。因此,早期筛查高危人群可以采取有效的预防措施来降低T2DM患者心血管疾病的发生率和死亡率。
AS主要侵犯体循环中的心、脑、肾、外周动脉等大血管,其特征为斑块形成,早期病变是动脉管壁内膜中层厚度增加。近年来有研究表明,颈动脉内膜中层厚度(carotid intima-media thickness,CIMT)能够反映糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患者冠状动脉粥样硬化的程度[2],因此,早期发现DM患者颈动脉病变,尽早进行干预,给予及时的治疗对于预防DM血管并发症有重要的意义。
胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)是T2DM的主要病理生理机制,它可能促进T2DM和相关并发症的发生和发展。IR也被认为是T2DM患者发生血脂异常和高血压病的主要影响因素[3]。胎球蛋白A(Fetuin-A,FA)是由肝脏分泌的一种糖蛋白,是DM风险的生物标志物[4-9]。循环中高水平的FA可能与IR有关[10]。FA通过抑制胰岛素受体酪氨酸磷酸化,导致细胞膜之间的胰岛素受体的信号传导发生障碍,引起胰岛素抵抗[11]。另外,敲除小鼠胎球蛋白基因后观察发现小鼠的胰岛素敏感性增强[12]。此外还有研究发现FA能够抑制异位钙沉积、防止血管钙化[13]。然而,关于FA在T2DM大血管病变中作为生物标志物的作用却存在争议[14-15]。
目前,nT2DM患者血清FA水平与IR及CIMT的关系未见报道。因此,本研究旨在通过检测nT2DM患者血清FA水平分析nT2DM患者血清FA水平与IR及CIMT的相关性。
1.1 研究对象
选取石河子大学医学院第一附属医院内分泌代谢科住院的nT2DM患者100例作为病例组(T2DM组)。其中男54例,女46例;年龄(55.11±12.84)岁;T2DM诊断标准符合1999年WHO制定的DM诊断标准。另取同期NGT者100例作为对照组(NGT组)。其中男44例,女56例;年龄(52.39±13.79)岁。T2DM与NGT组年龄、年龄段分布、性别及体重指数(body mass index,BMI)比较,差异均无统计学意义(>0.05)。排除标准:肝肾功能不全者,严重心脑血管疾病患者,顽固性高血压患者,T1DM及特殊类型DM患者。本研究经本院伦理委员会批准,并按照赫尔辛基宣言的伦理指导方针进行。研究对象均签署知情同意书。
1.2 血液样本
所有受试者均于清晨9∶30~10∶00空腹(禁食8 h以上)采肘静脉血3 ml,室温静置30 min,置于离心机中1 500 r/min离心10 min,分离血清,于-80℃冰箱保存用于检测血清中胰岛素及FA水平。
1.3 临床资料
记录受试者年龄和性别,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)和舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP),计算腰臀比(waist-tohip ratio,WHR)、BMI、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-insulin resistance index,HOMA-IR)及稳态模型β细胞胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-β-cell insulin secretion index,HOMA-IS)。采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、2 h葡萄糖负荷血糖(2 h post-glucose load blood glucose,2 h OGTT)。采用固相放射免疫法测定空腹胰岛素(fasting plasma insulin,FINS)、2 h葡萄糖负荷血浆胰岛素(2 h plasma insulin after glucose overload,PINS)。由DS5糖化血红蛋白检测仪测定(配套试剂)糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemo-globin,HbA1c)水平。采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定血清超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,Hs-CRP)水平。采用全自动生化分析仪测定总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平。
1.4 血清FA水平测定
血清FA水平测定采用ELISA法测定,试剂盒购于美国Epitope Diagnostics公司,实验操作严格按说明书步骤进行。
1.5 CIMT测定
运用荷兰飞利浦公司生产的IE33彩色超声诊断仪(探头频率3.0~11.0 MHz)测定,病人取仰卧位,纵向超声显像可见相对低回声分隔的两条平行亮线,两线间距离即CIMT,取左、右颈动脉窦下1 cm处分别测量3次,取其均值即为平均CIMT[16]。
1.6 统计学方法
实验数据采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析。计量资料以均数±标准差(±s)表示,两组间均数比较采用检验,构成比比较用χ2检验,血清FA水平与其他临床资料间相关性检验采用Pearson相关分析,非正态分布资料采用自然对数转换为正态分布后进行统计学分析。以<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
附表两组代谢指标与血清FA水平(=100,±s)
附表两组代谢指标与血清FA水平(=100,±s)
2 h OGTT/(mmol/L)T2DM组54/4655.11±12.840.94±0.5925.32±5.97134.07±15.0279.10±8.968.52±3.10 11.64±4.28 NGT组44/5652.39±13.790.91±0.0424.38±2.19137.39±11.6881.39±8.134.85±0.485.13±0.48组别男/女/例年龄/岁WHRBMI/(kg/m2)SBP/mmHgDBP/mmHgFPG/(mmol/L)值-1.4440.5071.478-1.745-1.89311.69915.116值0.1570.1500.6130.1410.0830.0600.0000.000组别HDL-C/(mmol/L)T2DM组21.12±4.52 40.65±27.02 4.92±0.92 1.59±0.81 3.00±0.83 1.14±0.28 NGT组35.51±3.6569.68±28.874.43±0.941.12±1.092.62±0.721.29±0.33FINS/(pmol/L)PINS/(pmol/L)TC/(mmol/L)TG/(mmol/L)LDL-C/(mmol/L)值-24.769-34.6293.7253.4613.458-3.466值0.0000.0000.0000.0010.0010.001FA/(mg/ml)T2DM组1.61±0.7918.49±1.728.78±1.801.45±0.230.26±0.21368.50±15.61 NGT组0.65±0.059.93±1.765.20±0.051.38±0.280.13±0.08152.70±7.10组别HOMA-IRHOMA-ISHbA1c/%Hs-CRP/(mg/L)CIMT/mm值12.12834.78419.8811.9325.785125.906值0.0000.0000.0000.0550.0000.000
2.1 一般临床资料比较
两组临床资料比较,T2DM组FPG、2h OGTT、FINS、PINS、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、HOMA-IR、HOMA-IS、HbA1c及CIMT与NGT组比较,差异有统计学意义(<0.05);T2DM组性别分布、年龄、WHR、BMI、SBP、DBP、Hs-CRP与NGT组比较,差异无统计学意义(>0.05)。见附表。
2.2 血清FA水平比较
两组血清FA水平比较,T2DM组(368.50±15.61)mg/ml>NGT组(152.70±7.10)mg/ml,差异有统计学意义(=125.906,=0.000),见附表。
2.3 FA水平与各项代谢指标的相关性比较
Pearson相关分析结果显示,FA水平与HOMAIR、CIMT、HbA1c、TG、LDL-C、BMI、SBP、FPG及2 h OGTT呈正相关(=0.483、0.509、0.153、0.353、0.113、0.162、0.182、0.422和0.581,=0.000、0.000、0.042、0.000、0.023、0.024、0.035、0.002和0.000);与FINS、PINS、HDL-C和HOMA-IS呈负相关(=-0.153、-0.423、-0.183、-0.463,=0.008、0.008、0.011和0.000);与TC、DBP和Hs-CRP无相关(>0.05)。见附图。
附图FA水平与各项临床指标的相关性(Pearson相关分析)
FA是由肝脏分泌的一种多功能糖蛋白[17]。有研究表明,FA是DM风险的生物标志物[4-9]。本研究发现,nT2DM患者血清FA水平较NGT组升高。血脂异常是血液中TC、TG、LDL-C水平升高和(或)HDL-C水平降低。HDL-C能够通过逆向转运胆固醇、抵抗低密度脂蛋白氧化、保护内皮功能等机制起到抗AS作用,因此在AS中具有保护作用[18]。有研究表明,血清FA水平与内脏型肥胖和血脂异常有关[19-20]。目前研究发现,血清FA水平与LDL-C和TG呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关。此外,血清FA水平还与BMI、SBP、HbA1c、FPG和2h OGTT有关。然而,在对照研究中有研究报道[21],FA水平与踝肱指数(ankle brachial index,ABI)呈正相关,而与代谢参数无明显相关性。
此外,有研究表明,FA水平与IR相关[10,22-23]。本研究结果发现,血清FA水平与HOMA-IR呈正相关,与FINS、PINS和HOMA-IS呈负相关。这些结果表明,FA在nT2DM患者引起IR的过程中可能发挥作用。本研究结果与早期FA和IR相关性研究的数据结果一致。目前研究发现,血清FA水平与CIMT呈正相关,本研究结果表明,血清FA水平可能与nT2DM患者大血管病变有关。
综上所述,本研究发现nT2DM患者血清FA水平升高,证明nT2DM患者血清FA水平与IR及CIMT之间存在相关性,研究结果表明,血清FA水平可作为诊断nT2DM患者大血管病变的独立生物学标志物,在DM合并大血管并发症的发生发展中可能起重要作用。
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(张蕾编辑)
Association of fetuin-A level with insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus*
Yu-ting Dang,Liang Yin,Kan Sun,Xiang-yun Chang
(Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases,the First Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832002,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlations of fetuin-A(FA)level with insulin resistance(IR)and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(nT2DM).MethodsOne hundred cases of nT2DM patients were selected as experimental group(T2DM group)while 100 people with normal glucose tolerance(NGT)as control group(NGT group).Serum FA level was measured by a commercial solidphase ELISA kit.The estimation of IR was calculated by homeostasis model assessment(HOMA-IR).CIMT was measured by color B-mode ultrasound.The correlations of serum fetuin-A level with the metabolic parameters were also analyzed.ResultsThe serum FA level in the T2DM group was significantly higher than that in the NGT group[(368.5±15.6)vs(152.7±7.1)mg/ml,=0.000].Serum FA level was positively correlated with HOMA-IR(=0.483,=0.000),CIMT(=0.509,=0.000),glycated hemoglobin(=0.153,=0.042),triglyceride(=0.353,=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(=0.113,=0.023),body mass index(=0.162,=0.024),systolic blood pressure(=0.182,=0.035),fasting plasma glucose(=0.422,=0.002)and 2-h post-glucose load blood glucose(=0.581,=0.000);but negatively correlated with fasting plasma insulin(=-0.153,=0.008),2-h plasma insulin after glucose load(=-0.423,=0.008),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(=-0.183,=0.011)and HOMA-β-cell insulin secretion index(=-0.463,=0.000).Conclusions The study demonstrated that serum FA level is correlated with IR and CIMT in patients with nT2DM.Therefore,serum FA level can be used as an independent marker in the diagnosis of macroangiopathies in patients with nT2DM.
newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus;fetuin-A;insulin resistance;carotid intima-media thickness
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2017.16.009
1005-8982(2017)16-0044-05
R587.1
A
2016-12-16
国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(No:81560137;No:81560139)
常向云,E-mail:cxyshzdx@126.com