做世界的公民

By+Tony+Blair

These remarks are from Tony Blair at the commencement of Yale University 2008.1

Thank you very much. After over 100 years of Class Days2， finally you get a British speaker.

It is an honour to be here and to say to the Yale College Class of 2008： you did it； you came through； from all of us to you： congratulations.

The invitation to a former British Prime Minister to address a college which boasts five former Presidents， many former Vice Presidents and Senators too numerous to mention， is either to give me an exaggerated sense of my own importance or you a reduced sense of yours.3

It was Churchill or Oscar Wilde4—and there is a difference—who called us two nations divided by a common language and so we are.

Here I am at Yale and set to come back for the fall semester. My old Oxford tutor was， Im afraid， horrified to hear I had been taken on5 by Yale. His worries were all for Yale I may say. He said： “I only hope for their sake you are going there to learn rather than teach.” Now I know you Yale guys are smart. So what can I tell you that you dont already think you know？

I can tell you something of the world as I see it. For the first time in many centuries， power is moving East. China and India each have populations roughly double those of America and Europe combined. In the next two decades， these two countries together will undergo industrialization four times the size of the USAs and at five times the speed.6

We must be mindful7 that as these ancient civilizations become somehow younger and more vibrant， our young civilization does not grow old. Most of all we should know that in this new world， we must clear a path to partnership， not stand off8 against each other， competing for power.

The world in which you， in time to come， will take the reins， cannot afford a return to 20th century struggles for hegemony.9

The characteristic of this modern world is the pace， scope10 and scale of change. Globalization is driving it and people are driving globalization. The consequence is that the world opens up； its boundaries diminish11； we are pushed closer together. The conclusion is that we make it work together or not at all.12

The issues you must wrestle with—the threat of climate change， food scarcity， and population growth， worldwide terror based on religion， the interdependence of the world economy—my student generation would barely recognize.13 But the difference today is they are all essentially global in nature. You understand this. Yale has become a melting pot of culture， language and civilization. You are the global generation. So be global citizens.

Each new generation finds the world they enter. But they fashion14 the world they leave. So， what do you inherit15 and what do you pass on？ The history of humankind is marked by great events but written by great people. People like you. Given Yales record of achievement， perhaps by you.

So to you as individuals， what wisdom， if any， have I learnt？ First， in fact， keep learning. Always be alive to the possibilities of the next experience， of thinking， doing， and being. When Buddha was asked， near the end of his life， to describe his secret， he answered bluntly： “Im awake”.16 So be awake. Understand conventional wisdom， but be prepared to change it.

Feel as well as analyze； use your instinct alongside your reason. Calculate too much and you will miscalculate. Be prepared to fail as well as to succeed， and realize it is failure not success that defines character. Be good to people on your way up because you never know if you will meet them again on your way down. Judge someone by how they treat those below them not those above them. Be a firm friend not a fair-weather17 friend. It is your friendships， including those friends you made here at Yale， at this time， that sustain and enrich the human spirit.

A good test of a person is who turns up at their funeral and with what sincerity.18 Try not to sit the test19 too early， of course. Recently， I attended a funeral and the speaker said he would like to begin by reading a list of all those whose funerals he would rather have been attending， but the list was too long. It was a sweet compliment to our friend. So， when others think of you， let them think not with their lips but their hearts of a good friend and a gracious acquaintance.20

Above all， however， have a purpose in life. Life is not about living but about striving. When you get up， get up motivated. Live with a perpetual21 sense of urgency. And make at least part of that purpose about something bigger than you.22

There are great careers. There are also great causes23. At least let some of them into your lives. Giving lifts the heart in a way that getting never can. Maybe it really was Oscar Wilde who said： “No one ever died， saying if only I had one more day at the office.”24

When all is said and done， there is usually more said than done.25 Be a doer not a commentator. Seek responsibility rather than shirk26 it. People often ask me about leadership， I say： leadership is about wanting the responsibility to be on your shoulders， not ignoring its weight but knowing someone has to carry it and， reaching out for that person to be you. Leaders are heat-seekers not heat-deflectors.27 And luck？ You have all the luck you need. You are here， at Yale， and what—apart from the hats—could be better？

You have something else： your parents. When you are your age， you can never imagine being our age. But believe me， when youre our age we remember clearly being your age. Thats why I am so careful about young men and my daughter， “Dont tell me what youre thinking. I know what youre thinking.” But as a parent let me tell you something about parents. Despite all rational impulses， despite all evidence to the contrary， despite what we think you do to us and what you think we do to you—and yes， it is often hell on both sides—the plain， unvarnished28 truth is we love you. Simply， profoundly， utterly.

I remember， back in the mists of time29， yes， the parents. I remember， back in the mists of time， my Dad greeting me off the train at Durham railway station. I was a student at Oxford. Oxford and Cambridge are for Britain kind of like Yale and Harvard， only more so.30 It was a big deal. I had been away for my first year and was coming home. I stepped off the train. My hair was roughly the length of Rumpelstiltskins31 and unwashed. I had no shoes and no shirt. My jeans were torn—and this was in the days before this became a fashion item. Worst of all， we had just moved house. Mum had thrown out the sitting room drapes32. I had retrieved them and made a sleeveless long coat with them.33

My Dad greeted me. There were all his friends at the station. Beside me， their kids looked paragons34 of respectability. He saw the drapes， and visibly winced35. They did kind of stand out.36 I took pity on him.“Dad”， I said. “There is good news. I dont do drugs.” My father looked me in the eye and said： “Son， the bad news is if youre looking like this and youre not doing drugs weve got a real problem.”

So your parents look at you today with love. They know how hard it is to make the grade and they respect you for making it. And tomorrow as I know， as a parent of one of this class， as you receive your graduation， their hearts will beat with the natural rhythm of pride. Pride in what you have achieved. Pride in who you are. They will be nervous for you， as you stand on the threshold of37 a new adventure， for they know the many obstacles that lie ahead. But they will be confident that you can surmount38 them， for they know also the strength of character and of spirit that has taken you thus far.

So to my fellow parents： I say， let us rejoice39 and be glad together. And to the Yale College Class of 2008， I say： well done， and may blessings and good fortune be yours in the years to come. Thank you very much indeed.

1. Tony Blair： 托尼·布莱尔（1953— ），英国前首相（1997—2007），是工党历史上在任时间最长的首相；Yale University： 耶鲁大学，创立于1701年，美国著名私立研究型大学，八所常春藤盟校之一。作为全美第三古老的高等学府和最具影响力的私立大学之一，耶鲁非常重视本科教育，其本科学院与哈佛、普林斯顿齐名。

2. Class Day： 毕业纪念日。

3. boast： 以拥有……而自豪；senator： 参议员；exaggerated： 夸大的。

4. Churchill： 温斯顿·丘吉尔（1874—1965），两度出任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一；Oscar Wilde： 奥斯卡·王尔德（1854—1900），爱尔兰作家、诗人、剧作家，代表作为《道林·格雷的画像》。

5. take on： 雇佣，聘用。

6. 未来20年，这两个国家的工业化进程在规模上将是美国的四倍，速度上將会是美国的五倍。undergo： 经历（变化的过程）。

7. mindful： 注意的，留神的。

8. stand off： 与人疏远，对人冷漠。

9. take the reins： 支配，掌控；hegemony：（一国对他国的）霸权。

10. scope： 范围。

11. diminish： 缩减。

12. 结论就是，如果我们不同心协力，就将会一事无成。

13. 亟待你们解决的问题包括来自气候变化的威胁、食物短缺、人口激增、由宗教引发的世界范围内的恐怖主义，以及世界经济的日益相互依赖。这些在我的学生时代几乎都没有被意识到。wrestle with： 费力地解决；scarcity： 短缺；interdependence： 相互依赖。

14. fashion： v. 影响，塑造。

15. inherit： 继承。

16. 佛祖圆寂之前，有人问他成佛的秘诀，他坦诚相告：因为我是清醒的。bluntly： 率直地，直言不讳地。

17. fair-weather： 只能同安乐不能共患难的，fair-weather friend即酒肉朋友。

18. 检验一个人的好办法就是看看有谁会参加他的葬礼并带着多少真诚。

19. sit the test： 参加考试，接受考验。

20. 所以，当别人想起你时，要让他们作为好友和亲切的旧相识来发自内心怀念你，而不只是说说而已。gracious： 和蔼的，可亲的。

21. perpetual： 持续的，永久的。

22. 至少要把部分目标定得高于当前水平。

23. cause： 目标，事业。

24. 也许真如奥斯卡·王尔德所言：“渴望再多工作一天的人不会死去。”

25. 每当谈及说和做时，人们通常都是说得多做得少。

26. shirk： 逃避，推卸。

27. heat-seeker： 承担责任者；heat-deflector： 推卸责任者。heat意为“压力，批评”，deflector意为“导向装置，偏转器”。

28. unvarnished： 未加掩饰的。

29. back in the mists of time： 很久很久之前。

30. 英国的牛津和剑桥就相当于美国的耶鲁和哈佛，有过之而无不及。

31. Rumpelstiltskin： 侏儒怪（德国民间故事中的侏儒状妖怪）。

32. drapes： [复] 厚布帘。

33. retrieve： 找回；sleeveless：无袖的。

34. paragon： 典范，完美的人。

35. wince：（尤指因疼痛或尴尬而）面部抽搐，皱眉蹙目。

36. 这衣服确实太扎眼了。stand out： 引人注目，显眼。

37. on the threshold of： 在……的开端。

38. surmount： 克服，战胜困难。

39. rejoice： 欢喜，感到高兴。