包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米产量和氮素积累特性的影响

2017-07-03 14:26孙旭东孙浒董树亭赵斌刘鹏张吉旺
中国农业科学 2017年11期
关键词:花后拔节期夏玉米

孙旭东,孙浒,董树亭,赵斌,刘鹏,张吉旺



包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米产量和氮素积累特性的影响

孙旭东,孙浒,董树亭,赵斌,刘鹏,张吉旺

(山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018)

【目的】随着缓/控释肥的推广和农业劳动力越来越紧缺,简化施肥技术成为未来的一种施肥趋势。黄淮海地区夏玉米季雨热同期,基施包膜尿素容易使养分前期释放过快后期养分缺失,无法满足玉米后期生长需求。通过研究包膜尿素施用时期来探究适合黄淮海地区夏玉米种植的施肥方式,简化施肥生产同时保证玉米产量,提高肥料利用效率。【方法】供试夏玉米品种选用登海605(DH605)和郑单958(ZD958),5个试验处理为不施氮处理(CK)、一次施尿素处理(JN)、拔节-大喇叭口期分次施尿素处理(SN)、基施包膜尿素处理(BR)和拔节期施包膜尿素处理(JR)。通过大田试验探讨包膜尿素肥料施用时期对夏玉米干物质积累、氮素积累转运特性及产量影响。【结果】施用氮肥可以显著提高玉米产量,ZD958和DH605各施氮处理较CK处理增产18.9%—24.7%和19.4%—28.9%。与JN处理相比,ZD958和DH605 的SN处理平均增产4.15%和5.80%,其中ZD958的穗粒数显著提升。与BR处理相比,ZD958和DH605的SN处理平均增产1.44%和7.80%,JR处理平均增产2.10%和10.13%,其中ZD958的穗粒数显著提高,DH605的千粒重显著增大。两年试验都以JR处理产量最高,但JR与SN处理的产量无显著性差异。ZD958和DH605 JR处理的植株氮素总积累量比BR处理显著提高10.99%和6.78%,花后氮素积累量提高45.99%和43.87%,花后氮素吸收速率提高46.1%和43.5%。与SN处理相比,ZD958和DH605 JR处理的植株氮素总积累量提高5.15%和7.67%,花后氮素积累量提升18.78%和30.49%,花后氮素吸收速率提高18.39%和30.51%。ZD958和DH605 JR处理的氮素积累活跃期(ANAP)较BR处理增加13.74 d和25.87 d,成熟期籽粒含氮量(NAAG)提高12.78%和10.49%,花后氮素同化量(AANAA)提高50.87%和42.57%,氮素转运量(NTA)降低24.82%和25.38%,氮素转运效率(NTE)降低19.16%和12.04%,氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)提高2.07%和10.19%,氮肥农学利用率(AEN)提高11.47%和69.72%,氮肥利用率(REN)提高60.89%和25.91%,土壤氮依存率(SNDR)降低9.90%和6.36%。与SN相比,ZD958 JR处理的ANAP延长了12.77 d,NAAG、AANAA分别提高3.44%和20.17%,NTA和NTE分别降低18.93%和15.76%,PFPN、AEN和REN分别提高0.63%、3.29%和23.07%,SNDR降低4.89%。DH605 JR处理的ANAP延长了22.76 d,NAAG、AANAA分别提高10.26%和28.67%,NTA和NTE分别降低15.56%和7.80%,PFPN、AEN和REN分别提高2.15%、10.31%和29.96%,SNDR降低7.12%。【结论】黄淮海地区包膜尿素由基施改为拔节期施用,可以增加玉米籽粒含氮量、延长植株氮素积累活跃期并保持较高氮素吸收速率;氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥利用率显著提高,土壤氮依存率降低,增强了玉米对缓释肥养分的利用能力;增大了ZD958的穗粒数和DH605的千粒重,增产幅度与拔节期-大喇叭口期分次施氮的效果相当,保证一次施肥满足夏玉米整个生长季对养分需求,利于夏玉米精简化高效生产。

夏玉米;包膜尿素;施用时期;产量;氮素利用效率

0 引言

【研究意义】夏玉米作为氮肥敏感作物,整个玉米季对氮肥需求较高,合理的氮肥运筹是保证高产的重要因素。中国当季氮肥利用率较低,普通氮肥施用多是分次追施尿素。分次施氮较传统“一炮轰”可以提高产量和氮素利用效率[1-2],但分次施肥繁琐了生产过程,在农村劳动力日益减少,劳动成本提高情况下,不利于农业精简化生产。与普通尿素相比,缓控释肥料有一次性施用,减少施肥数量和次数等优点,逐渐成为解决玉米生育后期追肥不便、简化施肥的新途径[3-4]。黄淮海地区随着缓释肥的逐渐推广,种肥同播技术逐渐成为一种施肥趋势,但缓释肥技术的不全面使其养分释放受温度和土壤水分等环境影响较大[5]。当地夏玉米季雨热同期,种肥同播易造成缓释肥前期养分释放过快,影响玉米生长后期尤其是花粒期等籽粒灌浆阶段对养分的需要。因此对缓控释肥施用时期的研究对明确缓控释肥对玉米氮素供给效果,保证玉米高产有重要意义。【前人研究进展】汪强等[6]、易镇邪等[7]和王宜伦等[8-9]对夏玉米基施包膜尿素与分施尿素的效果进行了比较研究。吕娇等[10]和隋常玲等[11]对不同类型的缓释氮肥在夏玉米上的应用进行了报道。司贤宗等[12]就缓释尿素与普通尿素配施比例对夏玉米影响进行了研究。张婧等[13]、李娜等[14]和卢艳艳等[15]就缓释尿素对夏玉米土壤N2O排放和土壤酶特性进行了研究。衣文平等[16]就缓释肥释放时期对玉米影响进行了报道。HANYU等[17]和张玉玲等[18]探究了环境条件对包膜尿素释放速率的影响。结果表明施用缓释氮肥的增产效果与分次施用尿素的产量效果相当,且缓释氮肥与普通尿素配施可以提高氮素利用效率,提高经济收益。缓释氮肥可以减少土壤反硝化细菌数量,提高玉米后期土壤无机氮尤其是硝态氮含量,减少土壤氨挥发和硝态氮淋溶。缓释肥释放时长随温度升高而减少,在10—25℃内,每升高5℃,释放速率常数提高1倍左右;土壤水分含量越少,包膜肥料养分溶出速率常数越小,当土壤含水量高于田间持水量的40%,包膜控释肥料的养分释放速度和释放期才不受土壤水分状况的影响。【本研究切入点】目前关于缓控释肥料研究大多是对缓释肥的类型、施用量、释放时长及与普通尿素配施比例上,而对缓释肥施用时期的研究鲜有报道。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究通过大田试验研究包膜尿素肥料施用时期对夏玉米产量和氮素积累特性的影响,以期在黄淮海地区找到合适的包膜控释肥施用时期,为简化农业生产提高肥料利用效率提供一定理论基础。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验地点

本试验于2012—2013年在山东农业大学黄淮海试验基地(36.09°N,117.09°E)进行,当地属温带半湿润大陆性季风气候,年均气温14℃,年均光照2 536 h,年均降水量697 mm。试验地土壤类型为棕色壤土,基础养分含量(0—20 cm)为有机质14.36 g·kg-1、全氮1.78 g·kg-1、碱解氮128.62 mg·kg-1、速效磷60.13 mg·kg-1、速效钾95.19 mg·kg-1、pH 8.0。

1.2 试验设计

供试夏玉米选用登海605(DH605)和郑单958(ZD958)。设置不施氮肥、1次施尿素(拔节期100%)、2次施尿素(拔节期40%尿素+大喇叭口期60%尿素)、基施包膜尿素和拔节期施包膜尿素5个施氮处理,分别用CK、JN、SN、BR、JR表示。包膜尿素为树脂包膜尿素(含N量42%),由山东农业大学资源与环境学院提供(自制),控释期为3个月。N、P2O5和K2O用量为300 kg·hm-2、120 kg·hm-2、240 kg·hm-2,磷、钾肥全部基施,氮肥施用比例如表1所示。种植密度67 500株/hm2,小区面积为3 m×10 m,等行距种植,行距60 cm,重复3次,随机区组排列。2012年和2013年分别在6月13日和6月15日播种,在10月3日和10月5日收获。

表1 不同施氮方式分配表

1.3 测定项目

1.3.1 干物质量测定 分别于拔节期(V6)、大喇叭口期(V12)、开花期(VT)、乳熟期(R3)、成熟期(R6)取5株长势均匀一致的植株,按器官分离,在105℃杀青30 min后,80℃烘至恒重,称重后磨粉过筛保存。

1.3.2 氮素相关指标计算 玉米全氮含量用半微量凯氏定氮法测定。氮素相关参数计算:

植株总氮素积累量(total nitrogen accumulation amount,TNAA,kg·hm-2)=成熟期单株干重×成熟期植株含氮量;

氮肥偏生产力(partial factor productivity from applied N,PFPN,kg·kg-1)=施氮小区籽粒产量/施氮量;

氮肥农学利用率(agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen,AEN,kg·kg-1)=(施氮小区籽粒产量-不施氮小区籽粒产量)/施氮量;

氮肥利用率(recovery efficiency of applied nitrogen,REN,%)=(施氮区植株地上部吸氮量-不施氮区植株地上部吸氮量)/施氮量×100;

土壤氮依存率(soil nitrogen dependency rate,SNDR,%)=不施氮区地上部吸氮量/施氮区地上部吸氮量×100;

氮素收获指数(nitrogen harvest index,NHI,kg·kg-1)=籽粒吸氮量/植株吸氮量;

营养器官氮素转运量(nitrogen translocation amount,NTA,kg·hm-2)=开花期营养器官氮素积累量-成熟期营养器官氮素积累量;

氮素转运效率(nitrogen translocation efficiency,NTE,%)=营养器官氮素转运量/开花期营养器官氮素积累量×100;

氮素转运对籽粒的贡献率(nitrogen contribution proportion,NCP,%)=营养器官氮素转运量/成熟期籽粒氮素积累量×100;

开花后氮素同化量(assimilating amount of nitrogen after anthesis,AANAA,kg·hm-2)=成熟期籽粒氮素积累量-营养器官氮素转运量。

1.3.3 氮素积累过程模拟 Logistic方程=a/(1+be- c)模拟玉米植株氮素吸收过程,自变量为出苗后天数,因变量为各时期期氮素积累量。a为终极生长量,b为初始参数,c为生长速率参数。

最大速率时生长量(weight of maximum grain filling,W,kg·hm-2)= a/2;

氮素积累活跃期(active N accumulation period,ANAP,d)= 6/c;

养分吸收最大速率(the highest absorption rate,HAR,kg·hm-2·d-1)= (c×W)×(1-(W/a));

最大速率出现天数(date of HAR,d)= (lnb-ln1)/c。

1.3.4 产量测定 玉米成熟期每处理小区随机收中间3行共30株玉米,调查双穗率和空秆率,测量穗行数、行粒数和千粒重,按含水率14%折算测定产量。

1.4 数据处理

使用Microsoft Excel 2003和SPSS 16.0进行数据分析,两年试验数据趋势相近,除产量数据外,其他数据为两年均值,采用Duncan新复极差法进行多重比较(= 0.05)。Logistic方程用Curve Expert 1.3进行拟合分析。

2 结果

2.1 夏玉米产量及构成

由表2看出,施用氮肥可以显著提高玉米产量,ZD958和DH605各施氮处理较CK处理两年平均增产18.9%—24.7%和19.4%—28.9%,各施氮处理的穗粒数显著提高。与JN处理相比,SN处理两品种产量平均提高4.15%和5.80%,其中ZD958的穗粒数显著提升。与BR处理相比,SN处理ZD958和DH605的产量提高1.44%和7.80%,JR处理产量提高2.10%和10.13%,其中ZD958的穗粒数显著提高,DH605的千粒重显著增大。两年试验都以JR处理产量最高,但JR与SN处理产量之间无显著性差异。

2.2 氮素积累特性

2.2.1 包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米氮素积累特性的影响 由表3看出,植株氮素积累量随着玉米生育时期推进而增大,CK处理在整个生育时期的氮素积累量均显著小于施氮处理的氮素积累量。与JN相比,SN处理的花后氮素积累量、花后氮素吸收速率与花后氮素积累所占比例提高,但没有达到显著差异水平。V6时期BR处理的氮素积累量高于SN处理,VT之后BR处理的氮素积累量显著低于SN处理,花后氮素积累量与SN相比显著降低。ZD958和DH605的JR处理的植株氮素总积累量比BR显著提高10.99%和6.78%,花后氮素积累量提高45.99%和43.87%,花后氮素吸收速率提高46.1%和43.5%。和SN处理相比,ZD958和DH605 JR处理的植株氮素总积累量提高5.15%和7.67%,花后氮素积累量提升18.78%和30.49%,花后氮素积累所占比例增大5%和9%,花后氮素吸收速率提高18.39%和30.51%。

2.2.2 包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米氮素积累特征参数的影响 玉米氮素积累过程通过Logistic方程模拟后得到相关灌浆参数(表4)。与SN相比,两品种JN和BR的养分吸收最大速率出现天数和氮素积累活跃期略低,但无显著差异。与BR相比,ZD958和DH605 JR处理的养分吸收最大速率(HAR)减少10.26%和25.30%,养分吸收最大速率出现天数延长3.99 d和7.52 d,氮素积累活跃期延长13.74 d和25.87 d。JR与SN相比,ZD958和DH605两品种的HAR降低15.41%和20.26%,养分吸收最大速率出现天数延长了2.72 d和4.82 d,氮素积累活跃期延长了12.77 d和22.76 d。

2.2.3 包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米氮素转运效率的影响 表5可以看到,与JN相比,ZD958和DH605两品种SN处理的成熟期籽粒含氮量(NAAG)显著提高6.07%和4.95%,DH605的花后氮素同化量(AANAA)显著提高8.47%。JR处理与BR相比,ZD958和DH605的NAAG分别提高12.78%和10.49%,AANAA提高50.87%和42.57%,氮素转运量(NTA)降低24.82%和25.38%,氮素转运效率(NTE)降低19.16%和12.04%。与SN处理相比,ZD958和DH605 JR处理的NAAG提高3.44%和10.26%,AANAA提高20.17%和28.67%,NTA降低18.93%和15.56%,NTE降低15.76%和7.80%。

表2 不同施氮方式对夏玉米产量及其构成的影响

同列不同小写字母表示在同一品种内不同处理5%水平差异显著性。下同

Values followed by different small letters within a column under the same hybrid treatment are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. The same as below

表3 包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米氮素积累特性的影响

V6:拔节期;V12:大喇叭口期;VT:抽雄期;R3:乳熟期;R6:成熟期;NA:氮素积累量

V6: Vegetative sixth leaf; V12: Vegetative twelfth leaf; VT: Vegetative tasseling; R3:Milky maturity; R6: Physiological maturity; NA: Nitrogen accumulation

表4 包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米氮素积累特征参数的影响

HAR:养分吸收最大速率;Date of HAR:最大速率出现天数;W:最大速率时生长量;ANAP:氮素积累活跃期

HAR: The highest absorption rate; Date of HAR: Days of reaching the highest absorption rate; W: Weight of maximum grain filling; ANAP: Active N accumulation period

表5 包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米氮素转运效率的影响

NAAG:成熟期籽粒含氮量;NTA:氮素转运量;AANAA:花后氮素同化量;NTE:氮素转运效率;NCP:氮素转运对籽粒贡献率

NAAG: N accumulation amount of grain; NTA: Nitrogen translocation amount; AANAA: Assimilating amount of nitrogen after anthesis; NTE: Nitrogen translocation efficiency; NCP: Nitrogen contribution proportion

2.2.4 包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米氮效率的影响 由表6可知,与JN处理相比,DH605 SN处理的氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)、氮肥农学利用率(AEN)和氮肥利用率(REN)分别提高5.70%、34.90%和20.34%,土壤氮依存率(SNDR)降低4.33%。ZD958 SN处理的PFPN、AEN和REN较JN处理分别提高4.11%、25.81%和30.15%,SNDR降低5.19%。与BR相比,DH605 JR处理的PFPN提高10.19%,AEN提高69.72%,SNDR降低6.36%,REN提高25.91%。ZD958 JR处理的PFPN、AEN和REN较BR处理分别提高2.07%、11.47%和60.89%,SNDR降低9.90%。DH605 JR处理的PFPN、AEN和REN较SN处理分别提高2.15%、10.31%和29.96%,SNDR降低7.12%。ZD958 JR处理的PFPN、AEN和REN较SN处理分别提高0.63%、3.29%和23.07%,SNDR降低4.89%。

表6 不同施氮方式对夏玉米氮效率的影响

PFPN:氮肥偏生产力;AEN:氮肥农学利用效率;REN:氮肥利用率;SNDR:土壤氮依存率;NHI:氮素收获指数

PFPN: Partial factor productivity from applied N; AEN: Agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen; REN: Recovery efficiency of applied nitrogen; SNDR: Soil nitrogen dependency rate; NHI: Nitrogen harvest index

3 讨论

3.1 包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米产量影响

夏玉米籽粒建成生长后期对氮肥仍有较高需求,高产必要条件是有充足的氮肥供应[19]。分次追肥尤其是花后追肥较一次施肥可以提高产量和氮素利用效率[20-21],但玉米生育后期植株高大,追肥不便且增加生产成本,难以在生产中推广应用。研究表明包膜尿素养分释放缓慢,基施可以保证整个玉米季对氮素的需求,促进籽粒灌浆,提高穗粒数和千粒重[22-24]。但徐秋明等[25]表示包膜尿素前期养分释放较多,一次性基施处理的夏玉米产量、植株吸氮量和氮肥利用率较普通尿素处理无显著提高。佟玉欣等[26]认为黑龙江春季低温,缓释肥养分释放较慢,基施缓释肥易造成玉米前期短时脱肥,后期氮素过量供应使玉米贪青晚熟,产量低于分次尿素处理。邢晓鸣等[27]研究表明,硫包衣尿素在水稻生长前期养分释放较快,促进分蘖和干物质积累,后期肥效降低减少水稻成穗率和穗粒数,树脂包衣尿素与硫包衣尿素相比养分释放滞后,前期氮肥释放不足影响水稻分蘖发生。本研究结果表明,施用氮肥主要通过提高穗粒数来增加玉米产量,ZD958和DH605各施氮处理平均增产18.9%—24.7%和19.4%—28.9%。ZD958和DH605在拔节—抽雄期分次施氮较一次性施用尿素产量平均提高4.15%和5.80%。与基施包膜尿素相比,两品种分次施氮增产1.44%和7.80%,拔节期施用包膜尿素增产2.10%和10.13%,其中ZD958的穗粒数和DH605的千粒重显著增大。两年试验拔节期施用包膜尿素的产量最高但与分次施氮的产量相比无显著差异。黄淮海地区包膜尿素种肥同播与拔节—抽雄期分次施氮相比,其产量水平仍有差距,但将包膜尿素施用时期改为拔节期,产量增幅可以达到分次施氮水平。

3.2 包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米氮素利用的影响

控释肥的肥效期长释放稳定,施用控释肥是减少氮素损失、提高氮效率的重要手段,也是玉米简化栽培的重要技术途径之一[28]。包膜控释尿素通过膜上微孔和裂隙实现养分释放,采用包膜材料减少尿素与土壤脲酶的直接接触面积,降低参与氨挥发底物含量,推迟氮素最大释放速率出现时间,利于作物及时吸收土壤中氮素,减少氮素在土壤中的挥发及淋溶损失,能良好协调整个生育期氮素的养分供应,促进玉米对氮素的吸收利用,提高氮素利用效率[29-31]。但也有研究表明,基施包膜控释肥在农田土壤环境下其养分释放加快,抑制期缩短,施用40 d后氮素释放即达到肥料所含氮素的64%[32]。本研究表明,分次施氮与基施包膜尿素相比有更高的花后氮素积累量、花后氮素同化量和氮肥农学利用效率,而与拔节期施包膜尿素相比,花后氮素积累量、花后氮素同化量和氮素积累活跃期和氮肥利用率显著降低,土壤氮素依存率显著提高。基施包膜尿素处理的植株氮素积累量在生育前期高于拔节期包膜尿素处理和分次施氮处理,但从乳熟期到成熟期,其氮素积累量显著小于拔节期施用包膜尿素处理和分次施氮处理,花后氮素同化量显著降低,氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农田利用率和氮肥利用率都有一定降低。包膜尿素由基施改为拔节期施用,促进夏玉米植株氮素积累,尤其是花后氮素积累显著提高,氮素积累活跃期显著延长,促进花后籽粒氮素同化,提高成熟期籽粒含氮量,氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥利用率均显著提高。出现此现象的原因一方面是黄淮海地区雨热同期,提高了包膜尿素养分释放速率,包膜尿素施用较早易后期脱肥,影响玉米生长。另一方面凸显出包膜尿素本身养分控释时间过短,无法完全满足种肥同播技术要求,这是未来肥料行业亟需改进的目标,控释肥产品需要保证田间的养分释放过程与作物对养分的吸收动态一致,才能充分发挥控释肥在增加玉米产量和提高肥料利用率等方面的优势。

4 结论

黄淮海地区包膜尿素施用时间由基施改为拔节期施用,显著提高ZD958的穗粒数和DH605的千粒重,产量提高水平与拔节—大喇叭口期分次施氮的效果相当。拔节期施用包膜尿素与分次施氮相比,可以增加玉米籽粒含氮量、植株氮素总积累量、花后氮素积累量和花后氮素同化量,延长植株氮素积累活跃期,氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥利用率显著提高,减少土壤氮素依存量。因此,包膜尿素在黄淮海地区于拔节期施用可以充分发挥缓释肥优势,简化生产过程,促进氮肥高效生产利用。

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(责任编辑 杨鑫浩)

Effect of Coated-Urea Application Times on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

SUN Xudong, SUN Hu, Dong Shuting, Zhao Bin, Liu Peng, Zhang Jiwang

(College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong)

【Objective】The measures of agricultural production will be simplified which is a trend in the future because of agricultural labor is decreasing. Huang-huai-hai Region is high temperature and rainy in summer corn season. Single basal fertilization is easy to release so fast that corn can’t have enough N at late growth stage which can’t meet the demand of maize growth. By studying different fertilizer application times, the optimum summer corn fertilization methods were explored for the simplification of production measures while guaranteeing the yield and improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizer. 【Method】Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958) were used as test varieties. Five experimental treatments were designed including no nitrogen fertilization (CK), one-dose nitrogen application (JN), split nitrogen topdressing (SN), coated-urea as base fertilizer (BR), coated-urea application time at jointing stage (JR). The effect of fertilizer application time on accumulation of dry matter accumulation, nitrogen transport characteristics and yield by field experiment.【Result】Nitrogen fertilizer significantly improved maize yield. Compared with CK treatment of ZD958 and DH605, the yield of nitrogen treatments were increased by 18.9%-24.7% and 19.4%-28.9%. Compared with the JN treatment of ZD958 and DH605, the yield of SN were increased by 4.15% and 5.80%, and the grain number of ZD958 was significantly increased. Compared with BR treatment of ZD958 and DH605, the yield of SN was increased by 1.44% and 7.80%, and that of JR was increased by 2.10% and 10.13%, respectively. The grain number of ZD958 and 1000- grain weight of DH605 was increased significantly. The yield of JR was the highest in two years, but there was no significant difference between JR and SN. Compared with BR of ZD958 and DH605, the total nitrogen accumulation of JR were increased by 10.99% and 6.78%, the amounts of accumulated nitrogen after flowering were increased by 45.99% and 43.87%, nitrogen absorption rate after flowering were increased by 46.1% and 43.5%. Compared with SN treatment of ZD958 and DH605, the total nitrogen accumulation of JR were increased by 5.15% and 7.67%, and the post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation were increased by 18.78% and 30.49%, and the rate of nitrogen absorption after anthesis were increased by 18.39% and 30.51%. Compared with BR of ZD958 and DH605, the active N accumulation period (ANAP) of JR were increased by 13.74 days and 25.87 days, respectively, and the nitrogen content (NAAG) was increased by 12.78% and 10.49%, and the assimilating amount of nitrogen after anthesis (AANAA) was increased by 50.87% and 42.57%, and nitrogen translocation amount (NTA) was decreased by 24.82% and 25.38%, the nitrogen transport efficiency (NTE) was decreased by 19.16% and 12.04%, the partial factor productivity from applied N (PFPN) was increased by 2.07% and 10.19%, and the agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen (AEN) was increased by 11.47% and 69.72%. The recovery efficiency of applied nitrogen (REN) was increased by 60.89% and 25.91%, and soil nitrogen dependence rate (SNDR) decreased by 9.90% and 6.36%, respectively. Compared with SN of ZD958, the ANAP of JR was increased by 12.77 d, NAAG and AANAA were increased by 3.44% and 20.17%, NTA and NTE were decreased by 18.93% and 15.76%, PFPN, AEN and REN were increased by 0.63%, 3.29% and 23.07%, while SNDR was decreased by 4.89% respectively. Compared with SN of DH605, the ANAP was increased by 22.76 d, NAAG and AANAA were increased by 10.26% and 28.67%, NTA and NTE were decreased by 15.56% and 7.80%, PFPN, AEN and REN were increased by 2.15%, 10.31% and 29.96%, while SNDR was decreased by 7.12%, respectively.【Conclusion】The coated urea applied at jointing stage instead of basal could increase corn grain nitrogen content, extended the active time of plant nitrogen accumulation. PFPN, AEN, REN were increased significantly, SNDR was reduced, more nitrogen directly affected grain growth, the amount of yield was equal to SN. JR is more convenient to meet maize’s demand of nutrients on the basis of one-dose nitrogen application, which help streamline production of summer maize.

summer maize; coated-urea; application timing; yield; nitrogen use efficiency

2016-09-26;

2017-02-23

国家自然科学基金(31671629)、“973”计划(2015CB150404)、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02-20)、山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目

张吉旺,Tel:0538-8241485;E-mail:jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn

联系方式:孙旭东,E-mail:sxd196@163.com。孙浒,E-mail:husun188@163.com。孙旭东和孙浒为同等贡献作者。

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