高中英语观点对比类议论文写作模式研究

2017-05-09 10:26骥1肖腾英2

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【摘 要】本文主要通过对正反对比类议论文的概述,以及其写作提纲、段落语句扩充、写作模板和写作演练等方面以实验对比研究的方式,研究了高中英语观点对比类议论文写作模式,以在高三繁忙的复习备考阶段帮助学生快速的提升英语写作(一)的得分率。最后由经实验具体数据表明,取得了良好的效果。

【关键词】正反对比类议论文 写作提纲 段落语句扩充 写作模板 写作演练

(本文荣获重庆市第十一届全市基础教育课程改革征文大赛一等奖)

【中图分类号】G632.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089(2017)07-0001-02

一、引言

英语写作教学一直以来是英语教学中的重点和难点。尤其是高三学生每到频繁的月考就知道写作中就存在着各种各样的问题。尤为严重的是普通句型较多,差不多就是口水话,高级句型寥寥无几,写作水平得不到体现。如果让学生从基础抓起, 显然对于学习任务繁重,而又不得不时时紧张备考的高三学生来说,简直耗不起如此巨大的时间和精力。为了提高学生的写作水平,只有我们英语教师不断地钻研作文的辅导方法,积累更多的切实可行的英语写作模式教予学生,这也不失为快速﹑有效﹑全面地解决问题,提高学生英语写作水平的好方法。

然而,高中英语正反对比议论文的写作是高考英语写作的重点,是重庆市英语考题中写作(一)经常考查的一种文体。鉴于此,笔者对此类写作进行了详细的研究。本文从正反对比类议论文的写作提纲、段落语句扩充和写作模板进行了分析。并提出了正反对比类议论文写作模板,用于对学生的指导,使其能利用所提供的议论文模板轻松地完成写作任务。

二、正反对比类议论文模式的研究

1.问题

1)背景研究

本研究的实验对象班级是重庆市开县临江中学高三(23)班(学校二层次的重点班)和高三(27)班(学校普通班),人数分别为50人和55人。本研究的对照班级是高三(10)班(学校第一层次的宏志班)、高三(22)班(学校二层次的重点班)、高三(13)班(学校普通班),人数分别为50人、56人和55人。

2)发现问题

通过对几次高三试卷的分析发现写作主观的问题如下:词汇错用较多;文章结构不清晰和句式简单化,高级句型少。尤其后两者较为严重。

3)收集信息、观察分析

通过对学生实施问卷调查了解成绩优秀学生的写作状况,通过与学生访谈初步确定需要重点培训写作中的高级句式的表达。

2.对策

议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表示自己的观点、立场、态度和主张的一种文体。正反对比类议论文是从正反两方面辨证地说明某个观点,对比通常侧重分析两者之间的不同观点、利与弊等。所谓模式,即图式,让此类写作在学生的头脑中形成图式。笔者就针对以上问题从写作提纲、段落语句扩充、写作模板和写作演练四个方面对正反对比议论文的写作实施方案。

3.行动

基于上述方案,我们开始了为期八周的正反对比议议论文写作教学研究。使用数据都是原至开县进修学校网上阅卷电脑采集的结果。其实施步骤如下:

(一)写作提纲

Part1: (第一段) 讲述要讨论的观点

Part2:(第二或三段) 给出正反两方面论证

Part3: (第四段) 总结或给出自己的观点

(二)段落语句扩充

Part1: (第一段) 讲述要讨论的观点

As is shown in the materials above, ……(介绍讨论主题)。……(过渡句)

介绍讨论主题句式:

1.我们举行了一场讨论,讨论内容是……

We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood

2.我們已经作了一个调查,调查内容是学生如何选择……

Weve had a survey on how to choose their courses, majors and universities.

3.我写信是要告诉你我们的一些分歧,内容是……

We have held a disagreement about whether it is good or not for a top student to share a desk with a slower student.

4. We have held different opinions about whether it is good or not for a top student to share a desk with a slower student.

介绍过渡句的句式:

1.在这个问题上大家意见有分歧。

Opinions are divided on this issue.

2.主要有两种不同意见。

Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.

3.然而,在这件事上不同的人有不同的看法。

Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.

4.Their views/ideas/opinions on it vary/differ from person to person.

Part2:(第二或三段) 给出正反两方面论证 (正方A,反方B)

(A的观点)+(递进连词);(转折连词);(B的观点)+(递进/并列连词)

A的观点:

A think that …

A support/prefer the idea that …

A hold the view that…

A are in favor of the idea that…

A stick to the idea that…

表递进连词:whats more,besides,furthermore(而且),moreover(此外), in addition, as well.

表转折连词:On the other hand, However, On the contrary, But,

B的观点:

However, B has his own thoughts that…

However, they didnt completely realize…

Actually, they dont know…

However, … of the students think…

On the other hand, …of the students think…

However, others have different opinions.

But …of the students think…

Others argue that …In their opinion,…

Part3: (第四段) 总结或给出自己的观点

本人观点:As far as I am concerned, …….

In my opinion, …….;

Its my opinion that……

For one reason,…. For another reason…. In a word,…

总结句: Compared with…, I think, ….

No matter …., (支持的内容)

Only in a condition where…. can he/we/I +(动词)…或者

Only in this way(that/in which)….can he/we/I +(动词)…

(三)写作模板

为了能更好的展示学生的写作水平,能高效地提高高三的学生的写作能力。在模板设计中,笔者尽量考虑了高级句型的写作,并做到灵活多样性。在模板中充分运用了名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句(包括非谓语动词做状语)和特殊句式等高级句式。

As is shown in the materials above, we had a heated discussion /had a disagreement about/on weather ...…. (Their views/ideas/opinions on it vary/differ from person to person. )

(A)say / think / believe that…. Whats more/Besides/ Furthermore/ Moreover/In addition, whats more important is that…. However, (B)hold the view that……Besides, ……

As far as I am concerned, compared with A…, I think, B…. No matter …., (支持的内容). Only in this way that/in which…/ Only in a condition where…. can he/we/I +(動词)…

(四)写作演练

写作一(满分15分)(重庆市2014年高考)

请结合材料,按要求用英文写作。

“My friend falls,I laugh;my phone falls,I cry"

要求:(1)就此材料发表你的看法;

(2)紧扣材料,有明确的观点;

(3)词数不少于60;

(4)在答题卡上作答。

As is shown in the material above, more and more people care about their phones much more than their friends. It is obvious that there is a warning about what we should focus more on are our friends instead of our phones.

To be frankly, addicted to playing their phones, many people cant control themselves owing to many functions of the phones. Whats more, they can chat online on the phone and its easy for them to make some new friends. It seems that its very convent to kill time with it. However, they dont realize completely they have kept away from their friends who are in need of their help, when they are crazy about their phones.

In my opinion, compared with the phones, I think, the friendship is much more precious than them. Only in this way that we should care more about our friends in the daily life can we have a wonderful life to live.

寫作一(满分15分)(重庆市2014年高三模拟)

请结合材料,按要求用英文写作,词数不少于80。

According to some surveys, when students need to finish some tasks, they like to find the answers, only depending on the internet instead of their own creative thinking.

要求:(1)就此材料发表你的感想;

(2)应紧扣材料、有明确的观点;

(3)在答题卡上作答。

As is shown in the materials above, there is a survey about whether students should make use of the Internet to gain information they need or not. Their opinions on it vary from person to person.

Some students think it is convenient for them to surf the Internet for some useful information, thus working out their questions without more thinking. Besides, they can spare much more time to study other subjects. However, some other students firmly believe that doing tasks independently is of great significance. Whats more, not only can they gain confidence in themselves but also they can build up their creative abilities while doing tasks.

As far as I am concerned, compared with referring to the Internet for more information, I think, doing tasks independently is much more important. No matter what difficulty we meet in our tasks, we may as well do it independently. Only in this way can we not lose interest in studying.

4.统计结果与数据分析

1)高三(23)、(27)班和高三(13)、(22)、(10)班实验前的写作一的对比结果

2)高三(23)、(27)班和高三(13)、(22)、(10)班实验后的写作一的对比结果

3)对写作实验班的访谈结果

在本次实验结束时,我们还对实验班的学生进行这次实验培训的感受访谈。结果显示学生在写作类似的作文中比较轻松。知道怎么某篇布局;知道怎么开头怎么结尾;知道运用那些高级句型。以前是无话可说,现在是话语未尽的感觉,而且写作(二)的写作水平也得到一定程度的提高。

三、总结与反思

首先,采用正反对比议论文的写作模式会给学生写作带来非常轻松的感觉。通过实验前后的数据表明,实验班的学生的写作分数得到了明显的提高。这种教学模式在高三写作备考中是值得推广的。

其次,我们对正反对比议论文的写作模式的研究,让学生对高级句式的写作更有针对性,从而大大地提高了语句的表达能力,而且句式也更加丰富。

最后,由于英语写作属于创作性的范畴,应不居于形式的束缚。写作模式化有僵硬之感,但它对于考生应试来说应当不失为一种好方法。因为阅卷教师通常不会看到具有相同的模式的作文,而且浩瀚的考生大军中,同一位阅卷教师能改到同一个班的两篇作文概率较小。在他们评分时所看到的作文,仍然觉得它是一篇优秀的考生佳作。

参考文献:

[1]张道真 《实用英语语法》,外语教学与研究出版社,2010年11月

[2]教育部 《义务教育英语课程标准(2011版)》,北京师范大学出版社,2011年

[3]闻钟 《高考英语满分文》,朝华出版社,2011年8月