keep用法面面观

2017-03-24 00:00李建高
初中生 2017年21期
关键词:面面观保持联系分词

文/李建高

keep用法面面观

文/李建高

责任编辑:李丁文

一、keep用作及物动词

1.意为“留着;遵守(诺言、法律等);保守(秘密等)”。如:

1)Here’s a five-dollar bill,please keep the change.这是一张五元钞票,零钱不用找了。

2)Can you keep your promise forever?你能永远遵守诺言吗?

2.意为“(暂时)保管;(暂时)存放”,有时可引申为“借”之意。如:

1)Will you please keep my watch while going swimming?我去游泳时,请你保管一下我的手表好吗?

2)You can keep the book for a week.这本书你可以借一周。

3.意为“供养;饲养”。如:

He works over ten hours every day because he has a family to keep.他每天工作十多个小时,因为他得养活一家人。

4.意为“记录;记(日记等)”。如:

She improved her writing ability by keeping a diary.她靠写日记提高写作能力。

5.意为“使……保持(某种状态、位置、动作等)”。此时,要在keep引出的宾语后面接宾语补足语构成复合宾语。其中,宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等充当。如:

1)Swimming helps to keep her heart and lungs healthy.游泳有助于她的心肺健康。(形容词)

2)You’d better keep the child away from the fire.你最好让孩子远离火。(副词)

3)The bad weather keeps us inside the house.坏天气使我们不能出门。(介词短语)

4)Don’t keep your mother waiting for so long.不要让你的母亲等那么久。(现在分词)

5)The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.班里其他学生闭着眼睛。(过去分词)

例1(2016年铜仁卷)—How long can I______this book?

—Five days.But you must return it on time.

A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.kept

例2(2015年平凉卷)Some of the tired students keep their eyes______.

A.opened B.close C.closed D.open

例3(2016年丹东卷)请遵守学校的规章制度。(翻译句子)

例4(2015年济南卷)当我们遇到烦恼或问题时,应该告诉父母或朋友,而不是闷在心里。(完成句子)

When we meet with worries or problems,instead of______them to______,we should tell our parents or friends about them.

二、keep用作系动词

“keep+表语”构成系表结构,意为“保持;继续(处于某种状态)”。其中,表语可由形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。如:

1)You need to do more exercise to keep fit.你应该多运动以保持健康。(形容词)

2)Keep off the grass.请勿践踏草地。(副词)

3)Traffic in Britain keeps to the left.英国的交通是靠左侧行驶的。(介词短语)

例5(2016年上海卷)are good for,fruits and vegetables,to keep fit,people,fresh(连词成句)

三、keep构成的动词短语和句型

1.keep away from意为“(使)离开;(使)不接近”。如:

Would you keep your dog away from my boy,please?请让你的狗离我孩子远点,好吗?

2.keep(on)doing sth.意为“持续做某事;反复做某事”。如:

Keep trying and you will find you can remember things better.坚持尝试,你会发现你可以更好地记住东西了。

3.keep...out(of)意为“遮挡;使……不进入”。如:

Please keep the dog out of the study.别让这只狗进入书房。

4.keep up with意为“跟上;赶上”。如:

I had to walk fast to keep up with him.我要快走才能跟上他。

5.keep in touch(with sb.)意为“(与某人)保持联系”。如:

I’ve kept in touch with my friends by writing letters.我一直用写信的方式同我的朋友保持联系。

6.keep...in mind意为“把……记在心里”。如:

The teacher asked us to keep these sentences in mind.老师要求我们把这些句子记在心里。

7.keep sb./sth.from doing sth.意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”。如:

We must keep them from getting to know our plans.一定不要让他们知道我们的计划。

例6(2015年昆明卷)Teachers encourage students to develop the habit of reading in order to______.

A.keep fresh in mind B.be slow in action

C.laugh at others D.complain about ages

例7(2016年白银卷)他父亲给了他一些远离吸烟的建议。(完成句子)

His father gave him some advice to___________from cigarettes.

例8(2016年漳州卷)—_____When winter comes,can spring be far behind?—Thank you,Miss Black.

A.Be careful.B.Keep trying.C.Don’t be here.

Key:1.C 2.C 3.Please follow/obey/keep the school rules.4.keeping;ourselves

5.Fresh fruits and vegetables are good for people to keep fit.6.A 7.stay/keep away 8.B

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