周晓燕 应长江 王珊珊 宋远见
【摘要】 目的:观察竹叶黄酮(bamboo leaf flavone)对糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍的影响及其相关机制的研究。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠高糖高脂喂养4周后,采用链脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)一次性腹腔注射(50 mg/kg)诱导大鼠Ⅱ糖尿病模型。造模成功的36只大鼠随机分为三组:模型组(DM组)、模型+给药组(DM+BLF组)、模型+溶剂对照组(DM+CO组),每组12只。同时,随机选取12只同月龄正常的大鼠作为对照组(CON组)。给药12周后,通过水迷宫(morris water maze,MWM)測试,观察竹叶黄酮对糖尿病大鼠认知障碍的影响;采用尼氏染色法观察竹叶黄酮对糖尿病大鼠海马神经细胞的影响;同时应用免疫印迹(weatern-blot,WB)法检测竹叶黄酮对糖尿病大鼠海马区白介素-6 (interleukin-6,IL-6),环氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)等炎症因子表达的影响。结果:竹叶黄酮可以减轻糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍,保护海马区神经元,抑制糖尿病大鼠海马区炎症因子IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α的蛋白表达。结论:竹叶黄酮降低海马神经元损伤,抑制大鼠脑海马的炎症反应改善糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍。
【关键词】 竹叶黄酮; 糖尿病大鼠; 认知障碍; 海马; 炎症
Bamboo Leaf Flavone Alleviates Cognitive Deficit Through Inhibiting Inflammation in Hippocampus in Diabetic Rats/ZHOU Xiao-yan,YING Chang-jiang,WANG Shan-shan,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2016,13(35):021-023
【Abstract】 Objective:To study the effect of Bamboo Leaf Flavone on cognitive deficit in diabetic rats and the relevant mechanism.Method:A total of 40 male SD rats were fed with high glucose and high fat diet for 4 weeks,then rats were received a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin(STZ,50 mg/kg) to induced diabetic mice.36 rats who were successful model were divided into three groups:DM group,DM+BLF group and DM+CO group,12 rats in each group.Meanwhile,12 age-match rat were selected as CON group.After Bamboo Leaf Flavone were treated with 12 weeks,Morris water maze(MWM) was used to evaluated the effect of Bamboo Leaf Flavone on the cognitive deficits in diabetic rats.Nissls staining was used to detected the implication of Bamboo Leaf Flavone in hippocampal neuronal damage in diabetic rats.Moreover,we used WB method to tested the expression of Interleukin-6(IL-6),Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in hippocampus of each group.Result:Bamboo Leaf Flavone could ameliorate cognitive deficit,reduce the hippocampus neuronal damage and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors in diabetic rats.Conclusion:Bamboo Leaf Flavone alleviate cognitive deficit and protect hippocampal neuron in diabetic rats through inhibiting inflammation.
【Key words】 Bamboo Leaf Flavone; Diabetic rats; Cognitive deficit; Hippocampal neuron; Inflammation
First-authors address:Laboratory of Morphology,Xuzhou Medical University,Xuzhou 221004,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.35.005
糖尿病脑病是糖尿病的慢性并发症之一,表现为患者空间记忆和学习能力损伤,与高糖诱发的脑神经损伤和炎症相关[1]。海马区神经元损伤和炎症反应与糖尿病脑病认知障碍紧密相关,减轻海马神经元损伤和抑制海马区炎症反应可缓解糖尿病引起的认知功能障碍[2]。
竹葉黄酮来源于竹叶酚性部位的一种中草药,具有多重生物功能,可以降低血糖和血脂、抗氧化应激反应、清除氧自由基、改善老年痴呆动物模型的认知障碍等作用[3-6]。关于其是否能够缓解糖尿病的认知障碍及其相关机制的研究,目前鲜有报道。本实验研究竹叶黄酮对糖尿病大鼠认知障碍的影响,对其机制进行初步探讨,现报道如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验药物和试剂 竹叶黄酮购自郑州荔诺生物科技有限公司;链脲佐菌素(Streptozocin,STZ)购自美国Sigma公司;尼氏染色剂购自中杉金桥生物有限公司;IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α抗体购自Abcom生物试剂有限公司。
1.2 实验动物造模和分组 大鼠高糖高脂饮食喂养4周,禁食16 h后,一次性腹腔注射STZ 55 mg/kg,72 h后尾静脉采血检测动物随机血糖,高于或等于16.7 mmol/L表示造模成功[7]。将造模成功的36只糖尿病大鼠随机分为糖尿病对照组(DM组),糖尿病模型+给药组(DM+BLF组);糖尿病模型+溶剂对照组(DM +CO组),每组12只大鼠。同时设定12只同月龄的正常大鼠为对照组(CON组)。
1.3 药物处理 造模成功后,DM+BLF组大鼠每日给予100 mg/kg竹叶黄酮(按照100 mg/mL溶解于玉米油中)灌胃一次;DM+CO组大鼠每日给予相同体积的溶剂,给药12周;CON组和DM组不作处理。
1.4 水迷宫训练和测试 根据Jiang等[7]的方法进行操作。水迷宫训练为连续4 d,第5天撤走平台,大鼠从平台所在象限的对侧象限入水,记录120 s内动物在平台所在象限的时间和穿越第五象限的次数。
1.5 尼氏染色法 动物麻醉后多聚甲醛灌注,快速取脑后固定24 h。切片机制成5 μm切片。0.1%尼氏染色剂37 ℃染色50 min,苏木素复染,脱水后中性树脂封片,观察并计数各组大鼠海马CA3区1 mm2区域中存活的细胞数。
1.6 WB法 取海马冻存于液氮中备用。使用加样缓冲液将各蛋白调整至相同浓度,进行凝胶电泳。电泳后常规转膜,入一抗过夜,次日洗涤后荧光二抗孵育2 h后扫描条带。
1.7 统计学处理 采用SPSS 13.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用 字2检验。采用单因素方差分析法,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 竹叶黄酮对糖尿病大鼠认知障碍的影响 与CON组(58.5±8.7)比较,DM组(24.5±6.9)在平台所在象限时间百分比显著增加;DM+BLF组(46.2±7.6)与DM组比较,大鼠于平台所在象限时间百分比显著减少,DM+CO组(26.2±5.8)与DM组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2.2 竹叶黄酮对糖尿病大鼠海马CA3区神经元损伤的影响 DM组(96.0±9.4)CA3区神经元存活率明显低于CON组(189.0±11.2);与DM组比较,DM+BLF组(145.0±11.2)CA3区神经元存活率明显提高;DM+CO组与DM组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见图1。
注:各组大鼠典型的尼氏染色图片,a、c、e、g放大倍数为40倍,b、d、f、h放大倍数为400倍,右列是对应左列图中黑框区域的放大
2.3 竹叶黄酮对糖尿病大鼠海马区炎症因子IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α表达的影响 DM组大鼠脑海马区炎症因子IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α的表达明显高于CON组;与DM组比较,DM+BLF组大鼠海马区炎症因子的表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而DM+CO组与DM组比较,IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α的表达差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见图2。
3 讨论
高糖导致神经元损伤是糖尿病患者发生认知障碍的主要原因,主要表现为空间记忆和学习能力的降低[8-10]。海马区是学习记忆的功能区域,高糖刺激时极易发生损伤和功能障碍。糖尿病神经元损伤及认知障碍的发生发展与海马区的炎症反应密切相关[11-13]。近年来关于其生物学活性的探索受到了国内研究人员的广泛关注。研究发现,竹叶黄酮具有降血糖、抗炎、改善认知障碍和抑郁等功能[3,5-6,14]。竹叶黄酮对糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍是否具有改善作用及其机制如何?目前尚未见报道。本实验给予糖尿病大鼠竹叶黄酮灌胃治疗,观察竹叶黄酮对大鼠认知功能障碍的影响,通过观察海马神经损伤情况和海马炎性因子的表达情况,对其相关机制作初步探讨。
水迷宫测试时评估空间学习和记忆的常用方法[15],本实验通过水迷宫测试,评价大鼠认知功能。本研究结果显示,DM+BLF组大鼠在平台所在象限的时间和穿过第五象限的次数明显高于DM组,竹叶黄酮能够改善糖尿病大鼠的认知障碍。同时,本实验观察竹叶黄酮对糖尿病大鼠海马神经元损伤的影响,实验结果显示竹叶黄酮能够提高糖尿病大鼠海马神经元的存活率,证明竹叶黄酮减轻糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍与保护海马神经元损伤相关。此外,竹叶黄酮能够抑制糖尿病大鼠海马区炎症因子IL-6、COX-2和TNF-α的高表达。
综上所述,竹叶黄酮通过降低海马神经元损伤,抑制大鼠脑海马区的炎症反应,改善糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍。关于其涉及的准确机制,将在以后的实验中继续探讨。
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(收稿日期:2016-08-16) (本文編辑:程旭然)