大鸟外交：《芝麻街》环球46年

译/徐莉莉

大鸟外交：《芝麻街》环球46年

Big Bird Diplomacy: Sesame Street’s 46-Year March Around the World

译/徐莉莉

W ith the Arabic adaptation of Sesame Street returning after 25 years off the air, Vocativ looked at how the children’s show has been shaped by local politics in different countries.

[2] The Arabic adaptation of Sesame Street, called Iftah Ya Simsim (Open Sesame), returned to the Middle East after a 25-year hiatus. The show hadn’t aired since 1990, when Iraq invaded Kuwait and bombed the television studios where the program was fi lmed.

[3] Many of the old, beloved characters returned to the new show, including No’maan, the overweight camel.

时隔25年，阿拉伯语版的《芝麻街》重获播映，Vocativ新闻网由此报道了这档儿童节目如何在不同国家受到当地政治的影响。

[2]阿拉伯语版《芝麻街》又名《芝麻开门》，在中东停播25年后重新开播。1990年，伊拉克入侵科威特，炸毁了《芝麻街》演播室，节目自此停播。

[3]许多深受喜爱的老角色回归新剧集，比如胖骆驼诺曼。

[4]自1969年《芝麻街》在美国首播以来，目前已有20种不同语言的版本，在140多个国家播映。如今，这一节目已风靡全球，也因此常常触及既危险又敏感的政治话题，如巴以关系、南非艾滋病等。有些国际版《芝麻街》面临困境，常常是资金不足，迫使节目停播，但节目中独一无二的角色和歌曲在很多地方仍很流行。

[4] Since Sesame Street premiered in the U.S. in 1969, there has been 20 versions in different languages broadcast in more than 140 countries. As the show has spread around the world, it has often tackled dicey and taboo political topics, from Israel-Palestinian relations to AIDS in South Africa. Some international adaptations of Sesame Street have facedhardship, often fi nancial, that have forced the show off the air, but in many places, the one-of-a-kind characters and musical numbers have prevailed.

Brazil’s Sesame wins for Best Dance Song

[5] Brazil’s version of Sesame Street, Vila Sésamo, premiered in 1972 but was cancelled in 1977 due to high production costs. Its Big Bird, whose name was Garibaldo, was actually blue, but children couldn’t see that until 1974 when the show began airing in color. Until then, children watching the show in black and white had a fun time guessing what color he was. The only characters the original Vila Sésamo took from the American show were Ênio e Beto, or Bert and Ernie. Brazil revived the show in 2007, using more American characters and updating it with Cookie Monster and other newer faces.

巴西版《芝麻街》获最佳舞曲奖

[5] 1972年，巴西版《芝麻街》开播，后因制作成本高，于1977年停播。剧中大鸟，名叫伽利保多，其实是蓝色的，但直到1974年巴西播放彩色版，孩子们才知道这一点。此前播映的是黑白版，那期间孩子们一直都快乐地争相猜测大鸟的颜色。巴西原版的《芝麻街》中，只有伯特和厄尼两个动画人物取材自美国版《芝麻街》。2007年，巴西重新开播该动画片，吸收了美国版中的更多角色，增加了甜饼怪和其他新面孔。

俄罗斯版《芝麻街》教孩子使用电话

[6] 1996年，鲍里斯·叶利钦再次当选俄罗斯总统。这一年，全新的俄语版《芝麻街》亮相。主人公叶利保巴是一个七英尺高的怪物。很奇怪，叶利保巴和巴西版的伽利保多看上去很像。叶利保巴明显拥有闻音乐的联觉能力。2006年，俄罗斯版《芝麻街》开播十周年，当时俄罗斯移民人口不断

增加，为反映这一现状，节目

中新增了两名来自哈萨克斯坦的移民——亚米拉和阿尔汀姐妹。

Russia’s Sesame teaches kids what a telephone is for

[6] In 1996, the year Boris Yeltsin won re-election, Russia aired its own Sesame offshoot, Ulitsa Sezam, with a seven-foot tall monster named Zeliboba as its main character. Oddly enough, Zeliboba and Garibaldo resemble each other. Zeliboba is apparently a synesthete: he can smell music. For its 10-year anniversary in 2006, the showadded two sisters, Yamila and Altin, immigrants from Kazakhstan, to keep relevant with the growing immigrant population in the country.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict plays out in Sesame

[7] A co-production of a Sesame Street branch by Israelis and Palestinians, inspired by the 1993 Oslo Peace Accords, premiered in 1998. It showed characters living on separate streets but crossing over peacefully to meet each other once in a while. In 2002, after the second intifada, the show disappeared and was replaced by a new co-production with the Palestinian Authority called Hikayat Simsim. That show depicted characters confined to their own streets and nationalities.

巴以版《芝麻街》反映地区冲突

[7] 1993年，巴以签署《奥斯陆和平协议》。在协议促动下，巴以合作版《芝麻街》于1998年首播。节目中芝麻街的小伙伴们虽然住在不同的街道，但偶尔碰面都和平相处。2002年，第二次巴以冲突爆发后，巴以版《芝麻街》停播，新的巴勒斯坦官方合作版《芝麻街》取而代之，只讲述生活在巴勒斯坦街道的巴勒斯坦木偶们的故事。

[8]因巴勒斯坦申请成为联合国观察员国，美国停止对巴援助，之后，最新的巴勒斯坦版《芝麻街的故事》于2012年停播。2012年1月，美国明尼苏达州民主党议员基思·埃利森在美国众议院发表演说，论及没有《芝麻街》可看的巴勒斯坦儿童只能观看哈马斯制作的动画片，片中主人公法尔富尔与米老鼠非常相像，极端抵制犹太民族。“这就是艾摩，不仅教会我们数数，还教我们学会宽容与理解。”埃利森说，“过去几年，艾摩还教会了巴勒斯坦儿童同样的东西。”埃利森认为要坚决抵制反犹思想，发扬宽容精神。

[8] The latest version of the show in the Palestinian territories, Sesame Stories, was suspended in 2012 after the U.S. froze its Palestinian aid in response to their bid for non-member observer status at the United Nations. In January 2012, Rep. Keith Ellison of Minnesota gave a speech to the House of Representatives about how with no Sesame Street, Palestinian children were left watching an extremely antisemitic Mickey Mouse-looking creature named Farfour on a show created by Hamas. “This is Elmo. This guy taught us our 1, 2, 3’s, but he also taught ustolerance and understanding,” Ellison said. “For the past several years, he’s been doing the same thing for children in the Palestinian territories.” His argument fought to minimize Farfour and maximize tolerance.

Kosovo Sesame attempts to repair ethnic tensions

[9] Serbian and Albanian directors and producers worked together to create a Sesame show in Kosovo in 2004, called Rruga Sesam in Albanian and Ulica Sezam in Serbian, PBS reported. The show’s production came during a period of unrest in the region, when Albanians attacked Serbs in the most violent incident in the territory since the Kosovo War of 1998-99. The show teaches tolerance to Serbian and Albanian children after a decade of ethnic clashes.

科索沃版《芝麻街》意图平复种族矛盾

[9]美国公共广播公司报道，塞尔维亚、阿尔巴尼亚的导演和制片人共同努力，于2004年创作出科索沃版《芝麻街》，以塞尔维亚语和阿尔巴尼亚语播映。科索沃战争（1998—1999）后，因领土之争，阿尔巴尼亚军队袭击塞尔维亚人，科索沃版《芝麻街》便在这一动荡时期诞生。种族冲突十年后，科索沃版《芝麻街》让塞尔维亚和阿尔巴尼亚儿童学会了宽容。

South Africa’s Sesame creates first HIV-positive character

[10] Takalani Sesame, which fi rst aired in 2000, introduced the first ever HIV-positive Muppet, Kami, in 2002. South Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV or AIDS of any country in the world in 2011, with 5.6 million people living with HIV, according to UNAIDS numbers. Kami promotes acceptance for HIV-positive people by being relatable and intelligent, and she’s made several appearances at Peabody Awards and UNICEF events.

南非版《芝麻街》出现第一个患有艾滋病的木偶角色

[10] 2000年，南非版《芝麻街》首播。2002年，新增成员卡米——第一个患有艾滋病的木偶。联合国艾滋病规划署数据显示，2011年南非是世界上感染艾滋病人数最多的国家，共有560万艾滋病患者。卡米呼吁人们接纳艾滋病患者，给予宽容与理解之心。卡米还曾参加皮博迪奖颁奖会和联合国儿童基金会的活动。

（译者单位：首都经贸大学）