APPITA Vol.69 No.1-2016APPITA 2016年第1期中英文摘要

APPITAVol.69No.1-2016APPITA2016年第1期中英文摘要

为了在印度尼西亚不太知名的树种中的发现新的制浆木材资源，研究了terap(学名Artocarpuselasticus)、medang(学名Neolitsealatifolia)和balikangin(学名Alphitoniaexcelsa)的纤维细胞特征。就纤维和导管的平均长度而言，terap为1.55 mm和0.42 mm，medang为1.21 mm和0.56 mm，balikangin为1.14 mm和0.52 mm。导管、纤维、射线细胞、轴向薄壁组织和细胞壁的平均比例分别是：terap为10%，48.5%，18.3%，22.7%，45.4%; medang为21.8%，49.7%，13.8%，14.9%，50.5%；balikangin为15.6%，67.7%，10.3%，6.4%和46.4%。这三个树种的纤维细胞结构特征与现在所用制浆木材的速生树种相似。结果表明，纤维直径和细胞壁百分比影响三个树木的密度。

细胞形态学；速生树种；terap(Artocarpuselasticus)；medang(Neolitsealatifolia)；balikangin(Alphitoniaexcelsa)

Opticalbrighteningagentquenchingeffectinfurnishcontaininghigh-yieldpulp

HONGBIN LIU CHUANYOU LI LIJUAN WANG JINYONG PENG CUI CHEN

SUMMARY: The use of optical brightening agent (OBA) and High-yield Pulp (HYP) in fine paper productionis driven by enhanced brightness requirements and reduced manufacturing cost. Due to the fact that HYP contains high amount of lignin, the OBA quenching effect, defined as the decrease in the OBA brightening efficiency due to the presence of lignin in the HYP-containing furnish is a concern. The OBA brightening in pulp furnish containing HYP, together with wet end chemicals (PEI, CPAM, APAM, cationic starch) and fillers (PCC or GCC), were investigated. It was found that the OBA brightening efficiency decreased with increased HYP content in the furnish. Polyethylenimine (PEI) had the most noticeable negative effect on the OBA brightening efficiency. PCC filler produced greater brightness gain than GCC filler at the same OBA dosage.

KEYWORDS: optical brightening agent (OBA); High-yield Pulp (HYP);OBA brightening efficiency; lignin quenching effect; wet end chemicals; calcium carbonate fillers

荧光增白剂在含有高得率浆中的熄火效应

HONGBIN LIU CHUANYOU LI LIJUAN WANG JINYONG PENG CUI CHEN

摘要：在复印纸中添加荧光增白剂(OBA)和高得率浆(HYP)，目的是追求更高的纸张亮度和降低生产成本。由于HYP含有大量的木素，OBA产生熄火效应，这是因为木素在HYP浆料中的存在，会导致OBA增白效率的降低。本文研究了OBA在含HYP以及湿部化学品(PEI、CPAM、APAM、阳离子淀粉)和填料(PCC或GCC)的纸浆配料中的增白性能。研究发现，OBA的增白效果随配料中HYP含量的增加而降低；聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对OBA的增白效果负面影响最显著；PCC填料在相同的OBA剂量下比GCC填料产生更大的亮度增益。

关键词：荧光增白剂(OBA)；高得率浆(HYP)；OBA增白效率；木素熄火效应；湿部化学品；碳酸钙填料

WeightedaveragesanddistributionsoffibrecharacteristicsofmechanicalpulpsPartI:Alternativemethodsofweightingdatafromanopticalanalyserproduceaveragesthatrankpulpsdifferently

SREYIER ÖSTERLING O FERRITSIUS R FERRITSIUS J STÅNGMYR

SUMMARY: To improve the operation and energy efficiency of mechanical pulping processes, the effect of each stage of the process on the fibres should be carefully evaluated. Fibre-data from an optical analyser were used to predict tensile index by calculatingBIN(Bonding abilityINfluence). Wall volume weighted averages of wall thickness index and fibrillation index gave the most accurate predictions of the tensile index of laboratory sheets made from long fibre fractions of various mechanical pulps. Fibre width index, when used as a single factor, reduced the accuracy of the model. The ranking of some samples changed when fibre width was wall volume weighted compared to arithmetic. When fibre width was combined with wall thickness to give a collapse resistance index, no rankings changed. Weighted averages based on squared fibre length (length2) showed poor correlation to wall volume weighted averages for cross-sectional fibre dimensions, and resulted in different levels of correlation to long fibre tensile index for the five evaluated pulps.

KEYWORDS: fibre; bonding ability influence(BIN); weighted average; fibre characteristic; arithmetic; wall volume; FiberLab; optical analyser; collapse resistance index; length2; hydrocyclone

机械浆纤维特性的加权平均值和分布第一部分：光学分析仪数据不同的加权平均值影响对纸浆的评价

SREYIER ÖSTERLING O FERRITSIUS R FERRITSIUS J STÅNGMYR

摘要：为了改进机械法制浆过程的生产和能源效益，必须细致评估每个阶段对纤维的影响。从光学分析仪获取的纤维数据通过计算BIN(结合能指数)来预测其抗张指数。纤维壁厚指数和原纤维化指数的细胞壁体积加权平均值可准确地预测各种机械浆长纤维组分抄造的实验室手抄纸的抗张指数。纤维宽度指数作为单一系数使用时，会降低模型的准确性。相对于常用的数学模式，当纤维宽度用壁体积加权平均时与算数平均相比，某些纤维试样的评价发生了改变。当纤维宽度与壁厚组合在一起表示抗压溃指数时，试样的评价不变。基于纤维长度加权平方的平均值与纤维横截面壁体积加权平均值的相关性较差，导致5种机浆料中与长纤维的抗张指数产生不同程度的相关性。

关键词：纤维；结合能指数(BIN)；加权平均；纤维特性；算术；纤维壁体积；FiberLab；光学分析仪；抗压溃指数；长度的平方；涡流除尘器

InterstagefractionationandlowconsistencyrefiningforTMPPart1:Energyconsumptionandpulpproperties

MY-MUSTAPHA LEMRINI ROBERT LANOUETTE GASTON MICHAUD

SUMMARY: The impact of an interstage fractionation followed by a low consistency refining (LCR) stage prior to a high consistency refining (HCR) was studied. We present the resulting energy consumption and pulp property changes when different energy input ratios (energy at LCR/energy at HCR) are applied to the long fibre fraction obtained at the interstage screening.

Three basic processes were studied: (1) a high consistency (HC) refining, (2) a low consistency (LC) refining, and (3) fractionation followed by an LCR stage and an HCR stage in series applied to the long fibre fraction, and recombination. We applied different energy levels to the long fibre fraction, from 100% of the secondary stage refining energy at LC and 0% at HC to 0% applied at LC and 100% at HC, as well as three intermediate ratios of the energy applied at LC. Properties were altered when excessive energy was transferred to the LCR. Adjustment of the LCR/HCR ratio prevented large losses in terms of tensile and tear strength. For 17 to 29% energy savings (to reach 100 CSF), the loss in tensile increased from 6 to 9%, whereas the tear changed insignificantly. Fractionation is significant in altering the energy-pulp property relationship, except in the case of tensile strength. Overall these results demonstrate that there is a considerable range of options for reducing the energy input while maintaining the quality of the final pulp through the use of fractionation and a combination of low and high consistency processes.

KEYWORDS: mechanical pulping；low consistency refining；high consistency refining；interstage fractionation；energy consumption；pulp properties

TMP的纤维分级和低浓打浆第1部分：能耗和纸浆性能

MY-MUSTAPHA LEMRINI ROBERT LANOUETTE GASTON MICHAUD

摘要：研究了在高浓打浆(HCR)之前进行纤维分级，然后进行低浓打浆(LCR)对能耗和纸浆性能的影响。阐述了在对TMP进行纤维分级所获得的长纤维部分，应用不同的能量输入比(HCR的打浆能耗/LCR的打浆能耗)时，得到的总能耗和纸浆性质的不同。

研究包括3个方面：①高浓度(HC)打浆；②低浓度(LC)打浆；③纤维分级后对长纤维组分先低浓打浆后高浓打浆，然后与短纤维组分混合。对长纤维组分打浆采用不同的能级，从低浓段打浆使用100%的能量(高浓段为0)，到低浓段使用0(高浓段为100%)，以及介于这两种情况之间的3种不同低浓和高浓能量分配比例。当过多的能量分配到低浓打浆时，浆料的特性发生改变。调整低浓/高浓能量分配比例可以防止纸张拉伸和撕裂强度方面的巨大损失。在纸浆游离度达到100 CSF的情况下，当磨浆能耗节省17%～29%时，抗张强度损失从6%增加到9%，而撕裂强度变化不大。除了在抗张强度，纤维长度分级能显著改变能耗与纸浆性能的关系。结果表明，通过对纤维分级以及低浓和高浓打浆相结合，有很多的选择去实现打浆能耗减少，同时保持最终的纸浆质量。

关键词：机械制浆；低浓打浆；高浓打浆；纤维分级；能耗；浆料特性

Integrationofelectrolysistoproducehydrogenandoxygeninapulpmillprocess

KATJA KUPARINEN ESA VAKKILAINEN PETER RYDER

SUMMARY: The pulp and paper industry faces demand for totally carbon free production. Due to local conditions, there are challenges to sell produced additional electricity. A novel way, generating hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis of water can decarbonize the largest fossil carbon dioxide producing equipment, the lime kiln. The oxygen produced can be used for generation of bleaching chemicals, and also for effluent treatment. The operation and capacity of the recovery boiler can be improved by oxygen use. Using excess electricity of a typical, large South-American pulp mill, 73% of the heat demand of the lime kiln can be covered with hydrogen and the produced amount of oxygen exceeds the mill’s oxygen requirement. The profitability of the integration depends on the other possible uses for electricity. When sales price for electricity is low or purchased oil price is high electrolysis can decrease the operating costs of a modern pulp mill.

KEYWORDS: water electrolysis; hydrogen; oxygen; lime kiln; recovery boiler

在制浆厂工艺流程中加入电解工段来生产氢和氧

KATJA KUPARINEN ESA VAKKILAINEN PETER RYDER

摘要：制浆造纸行业正面临着无碳生产的需求。由于当地的条件限制，有时出售额外的电力会有挑战。一种通过电解水生成氢和氧的新方法可以最大化地的使用不可再生能源和降低CO2产生设备-石灰窑的碳排放。产生的氧气可用于产生漂白化学品，也可用于废水处理。通过使用氧气可以提高碱回收锅炉的运行能力。一个典型的大型南美制浆厂，使用过剩电力，石灰窑的热需求量的73%可以用氢气取代，氧气的产生量超过了工厂的氧气需求量。整合电解工段的盈利能力取决于电力的其他可能用途。当电价销售价格低或购买的原油价格高时，电解工段可以降低现代化制浆厂的经营成本。

关键词：水电解；氢气；氧气；石灰窑；碱回收锅炉

Studyofradialvariationinanatomicalcharacteristicsofthreenativefast-growingtreespeciesofasecondaryforestinSouthKalimantanforevaluationaspulpwood

WIWIN TYAS ISTIKOWATI HARUNA AISO FUTOSHI ISHIGURI SUNARDI BUDISUTIYA JYUNICHI OHSHIMA KAZUYA IIZUKA SHINSO YOKOTA

SUMMARY: The anatomical characteristics of terap (Artocarpuselasticus), medang (Neolitsealatifolia) and balikangin (Alphitoniaexcelsa) were studied to identify new pulpwood resources among lesser-known species native to Indonesia. The mean values of fibre and vessel element lengths were 1.55 and 0.42 mm in terap, 1.21 and 0.56 mm in medang and 1.14 and 0.52 mm in balikangin. The mean proportions of vessel, fibre, ray parenchyma, axial parenchyma and cell wall were 10.5%, 48.5%, 18.3%, 22.7% and 45.4% in terap, 21.6%, 49.7%, 13.8%, 14.9% and 50.5% in medang and 15.6%, 67.7%, 10.3%, 6.4% and 46.4% in balikangin. The anatomical characteristics of the three species were similar to those of fast-growing tree species used as pulpwood. Fibre diameter and cell wall percentage were significantly correlated with basic density in all species, indicating that diameter of wood fibre and cell wall percentages affect basic density values of all three woods.

cellmorphology; fast-growing tree species; terap (Artocarpuselasticus); medang (Neolitsealatifolia); balikangin (Alphitoniaexcelsa)

研究印度尼西亚加里曼丹南部次生林三种速生树种纤维细胞特征的径向变化以评估其制浆性能

WIWIN TYAS ISTIKOWATI HARUNA AISO FUTOSHI ISHIGURI SUNARDI BUDISUTIYA JYUNICHI OHSHIMA KAZUYA IIZUKA SHINSO YOKOTA