CHINA KEY PHRASES

CHINA KEY PHRASES

全面建成小康社会

“小康社会”是由邓小平在20世纪70年代末80年代初在规划中国经济社会发展蓝图时提出的战略构想。随着中国特色社会主义建设事业的深入,其内涵和意义不断地得到丰富和发展。在20世纪末基本实现“小康”的情况下，中共十六大报告明确提出了“全面建设小康社会”，中共十七大报告在此基础上提出新的更高要求，中共十八大报告根据我国经济社会发展实际和新的阶段性特征，在党的十六大、十七大确立的全面建设小康社会目标的基础上，提出了到2020年“全面建成小康社会”的目标。全面建成小康社会的目标主要包括：第一，转变经济发展方式取得重大进展；第二，实现两个“倍增”，即国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番；第三，通过增强创新驱动发展新动力，进入创新型国家行列；第四，工业化基本实现，信息化水平大幅提升，城镇化质量明显提高，农业现代化和社会主义新农村建设成效显著；第五，区域协调发展机制基本形成；第六，对外开放水平进一步提高，国际竞争力明显增强。

Complete the Process of Building a Moderately Well-off Society in All Respects

Deng Xiaoping created the vision of a moderately well-off society in the late 1970s and early 1980s, while the blueprint for China’s economic and social development was being crafted. The concept has since been enriched and deepened in an evolving process of social-economic development with Chinese characteristics.

In consideration of the fact that the goal of a markedly improved life for Chinese people had basically become a reality by the end of the 20th century, the CPC Central Committee called for a continued push to build a moderately well-off society in all respects in its report to the 16th National Congress. New and more ambitious elements were subsequently added to this already expanded concept at the Party’s 17th National Congress (held in 2007). In view of the current status and future characteristics of China’s social-economic development, the CPC Central Committee announced in its report to the 18th National Congress the goal of completing the process of building a moderately well-off society in all respects by the year 2020 on the basis of what had been achieved since the Party’s previous two major gatherings.

Specifically, the goal calls for: (1) making major progress in transforming China’s growth model; (2) doubling China’s 2010 GDP and the per capita income of both urban and rural residents; (3) promoting innovation and pursuing innovation-driven development; (4) basically completing the process of industrialization, markedly expanding access to information technology, achieving better urbanization management, and making notable progress in agricultural modernization and rural development; (5) establishing a mechanism for coordinated development across all regions; and (6) opening up further and notably improving China’s international competitiveness.

精准扶贫、精准脱贫

2014年12月11日闭幕的中国中央经济工作会议，首次在中央工作层面明确提出了精准脱贫的概念；2015年6月18日，习近平在贵州调研时强调，扶贫开发“贵在精准，重在精准，成败之举在于精准”，“精准扶贫”随后成为社会各界热议的关键词。2015年11月3日发布的“十三五规划建议”中，进一步作出“实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫”的工作部署。精准脱贫，就是要防止用经济收入的平均数掩盖大多数,更加注重保障基本民生，更加关注低收入群众生活。精准扶贫，则是要做到对贫困人口进行精确识别、精确帮扶，对扶贫工作做到精确管理。中央明确提出精准扶贫、精准脱贫，是因为中国的扶贫开发工作已进入“啃硬骨头、攻坚拔寨”的冲刺期。为了真正实现“精准”目标，习近平提出了“扶贫对象精准、措施到户精准、项目安排精准、资金使用精准、因村派人精准、脱贫成效精准”的具体要求。

Targeted Approach to Alleviating Poverty

At the conclusion of the Central Economic Work Meeting on December 11, 2014, the central leadership foated the idea of a targeted approach to alleviating poverty. On June 18, 2015, during his visit to Guizhou Province, Xi Jinping once more raised the subject, which he believes is pivotal to the success of the poverty alleviation drive. It has subsequently become a hot topic amongst the general public. In its Proposal for Formulating the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, released in November 2015, the 18th CPC Central Committee specifed targeted measures to be taken in the coming fve years.

The targeted efforts are designed to ensure that average income statistics do not mask the actual living conditions of those living in hardship. Such efforts require attention to detail. Greater emphasis will be laid upon identifying low-income groups in need of assistance in order that they may receive due attention and their basic standard of living guaranteed.

The central leadership proposed such a targeted approach at a time when China faces a daunting challenge in its efforts to eliminate the final pockets of poverty across the country. To ensure the effectiveness of poverty reduction efforts, Xi Jinping called for assistance policies and programs that are tailored to the needs of individual families in conjunction with targeted funding and village-specifc expert support, and pursued with a results-oriented focus.

Editor’s note: In this column we present to you the phrases used every day in the media and by Chinese government, so providing a succinct overview of China’s political thinking, its policies and ongoing reforms and transitions.