徐长林
( 1. 甘肃农业大学 草业学院, 兰州 730070; 2. 甘肃农业大学 天祝高山草原试验站, 甘肃 天祝 733201 )
甘肃扁蓿豆属(豆科)一新变种
——天祝扁蓿豆
徐长林1,2
( 1. 甘肃农业大学 草业学院, 兰州 730070; 2. 甘肃农业大学 天祝高山草原试验站, 甘肃 天祝 733201 )
该文描述了甘肃东祁连山发现的豆科(Leguminosae)扁蓿豆属(Melilotoides)一新变种——天祝扁蓿豆(Melilotoidesruthenicavar.tianhzhuensisC. L. Xu )。该变种植株节间(3~18 mm)短于原变种(30~65 mm);叶片小于原变种;小叶宽卵形或倒卵形;花冠外部(背部)和内部(腹部)均为黄色,且不带紫色和条纹。上述特征与原变种明显不同,易于区别。
豆科, 扁蓿豆属, 新变种, 天祝扁蓿豆, 中国
图 1 天祝扁蓿豆 1. 植株; 2. 托叶; 3. 荚果; 4. 旗瓣; 5. 龙骨瓣; 6. 翼瓣。Fig. 1 Melilotoides ruthenica var. tianzhuensis C. L. Xu 1. A part of habit; 2. Stipule; 3. Pod; 4. Vexillum ; 5. Carina; 6. Wing.
笔者于2011-2012年在甘肃祁连山东段高山草原进行豆科扁蓿豆属植物的考察过程中,在甘肃武威市天祝藏族自治县抓喜秀龙乡河谷阶地(海拔2 960~3 100 m)采集到一种豆科扁蓿豆属植物,并对其进行了野外观察、标本压制和生物学特性观测。从标本形态看,该植物与扁蓿豆(Melilotoidesruthenica)相似,但两者在植株高度、小叶形状和花冠颜色上有明显区别。据多方查证,可以确定,产在甘肃天祝县的该类型植物在有关豆科植物论著中未见有记载,是一个未描述的扁蓿豆属新变种。
天祝扁蓿豆新变种图1: 1-6
Melilotoides ruthenica var. tianzhuensis C. L. Xu var. nov.Fig. 1: 1-6
Per inquisitionem comprobat varietasMelilotoidesruthenica(L.) Sojak. Signanter diversis a novo alicui characteres plantarum variant in diversis diversum ab originali virgultum excelsum 8-12 cm, sectio brevibus et longis sectionis inter 0.3-1.8 cm, laminis late obovatis, imprimis corolla lutea purpura non minus.
Herbs perennial,8-12 cm tall, stems is four prismatic, internode 3-18 mm,branched at base, and diffuse, decumbentor procumbent, taproot slim, Stipules is lanceolate-cones, veining parallel, base broadly, with fang teeth, with pilose; leaflets 3 is broadly ovate or obviated, pointed or slightly concave on distal projection, all with mucronulate, base wedge-shaped broadly or round nearly, parietal 8-12 mm length, 7-9 mm wide, leaf-stalk 4-6 mm length; leaflets 8-10 mm length,6-7 mm wide, shorest or no leaf-stalk, top leaves bigger than base leaves. The front glabrous basically, cover pilose on back, veins obvious, a stock work, main veins rib bulge, racemes axillary, corolla is pure yellow, 5-8 mm length, number of florets is 3-5,osteoporosis;flower-stalk 4-5 mm length, calyx’s color is light green clock shaped and length 3-4 mm, calyx teeth are triangular shape, shorter than calyx garland, Calyx garland with white pilose; flag flap is obviated and recessed cutout in front; petals are round and shorter than the Flag flap, base with claw, the keel is shortest. Pod flattened and slightly curved, rounded, length 9-13(-15) mm, width 3-5 mm, top with short beak, pod glabrous, vein nets obvious, vein lines transverse cellular, containing seeds 3-5 pieces, tan; Anthesis and podding stage from August to Octorber.
多年生草本,高8~12 cm。主根纤细。茎四棱形,节间长3~18 mm,基部多分枝,斜生或匍匐。托叶披针状锥形,脉纹平行,基部宽,具尖齿,有被毛;小叶3,宽卵形或倒卵形,先端平截或微凹,具短尖,基部近圆形, 顶叶长8~12 mm,宽7~9 mm,叶柄长4~6 mm;复叶长8~10 mm,宽6~7 mm, 叶柄甚短或近无柄;植株顶部叶片较大,基部叶片较小,正面近无毛,背面具被毛,叶脉明显,网状,主脉向叶背面隆起。叶片边缘具尖齿。总状花序生于叶腋,花冠黄色,长5~8 mm,小花数3~5枚,疏松;花梗长4~5 mm;花萼钟状,淡绿色,长3~4 mm,萼齿长三角形,短于萼筒,萼筒具白色疏被毛;旗瓣长倒卵形,先端凹缺;翼瓣矩圆形,短于旗瓣,基部具爪,龙骨瓣最短。荚果扁平微弯,矩圆形,长9~13(~15) mm, 宽3~5 mm,顶端具短尖喙,喙偏于腹缝线一侧,荚果无毛,脉网清晰,脉纹横向蜂窝状,含种子3~5粒,棕褐色;花果期8~10月。
甘肃(Gansu): 天祝藏族自治县(Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous county),抓喜秀龙(Zhuaxixiulong)(37°11′48″ N,102°47′10″ E),高山草原河谷阶地(in alpine meadow soil on river valley),海拔(alt.)2 960~3 100 m,2012-08-10,徐长林(C. L. Xu)2012016,(Holotype: deposited in Herbarium,College of partacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University)。
本研究中,新变种与原变种Medilotoidesruthenica(Linn.) Sojak. 植株形态特征明显不同,原变种植株高大,叶片矩圆状披针形,尤其花冠腹面为金黄色,背面红褐色;而《中国植物志》第42卷第2分册中描述花冠黄褐色,中央深红色至紫色条纹(中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1993);《青海植物志》第2卷中描述花冠黄色带深紫色条纹,植株高25~80 cm,节间3.0~6.5cm(中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1999)。新变种与原变种不同之处:植株矮小,高8~12 cm;节间短,节间长0.3~1.8 cm;叶片宽卵形或倒卵形;尤其是花冠黄色,且不带紫色和条纹。
阴山扁蓿豆(Medilotoidesruthenicavar.inschanicaH.C.Fu et Y.Q.Jiang )花冠腹面金黄色,背面红褐色,花冠中央带紫色(贾笃敬等,1984)。青海苜蓿(Medicagoarchiducis-nicolaiSirj. ) (中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1993)花冠橙黄色,中央带紫红色晕纹。毛果扁蓿豆 [Medilotoidespubescens(Edgew ex Baker. ) Yakovl.]花黄色,但茎枝和荚果均被柔毛,分布在海拔3 500~4 000 m的山坡草地或河滩砾地(中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,1999)。新变种花冠外部(背部)和内部(腹部)均为黄色,没有发现其他过渡类型的花色,荚果无毛,分布在海拔2 960~3 100 m的高山草原河谷阶地,因此与上述近缘种易于区别。
综上所述,新变种与原变种相比,主要区别在于植株矮小,节间长3~18 mm,顶叶长8~12 mm,复叶长8~10 mm, 花冠黄色, 不带其它色泽或条纹。因此,植株矮小、节间短、叶片宽卵形或倒卵形、花冠黄色是新变种的稳定性状,故将其作为新变种处理。这与其他植物分类学家的处理方法相同(Wang,1994;吴玉虎等,2004;陆毛珍等,2006)。
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Melilotoidesruthenicavar.tianzhuensisC. L. Xu, a new variety ofMelilotoides(Leguminosae) from Gansu, China
XU Chang-Lin1,2
( 1.CollegeofPartaculturalScience,GansuAgriculturalUniversity, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2.TianzhuAlpineGrasslandExperimentalStationofGansuAgriculturalUniversity, Tianzhu 733201, China )
Melilotoidesruthenicavar.tianzhuensisC. L. Xu, a new variety of Leguminosae from Gansu, China, is described. It primarily differs from the typical one, by having shorter internode, smaller leaves with broadly ovate or obovate leaflets. And its’ corolla is pure yellow, without purple stripes.
Leguminosae,Melilotoides, new variety,Melilotoidesruthenicavar.tianzhuensis, China
10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201503036
2015-03-25
2015-10-13
国家自然科学基金 (31360569,31360570) [Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360569,31360570)]。
徐长林(1957-),甘肃天祝人,副研究员,主要从事草地生态与天然草地资源研究,(E-mail)xucl@gsau.edu.cn。
Q949
A
1000-3142(2016)09-1023-03
徐长林. 甘肃扁蓿豆属(豆科)一新变种——天祝扁蓿豆 [J]. 广西植物, 2016, 36(9):1023-1025
XU CL.Melilotoidesruthenicavar.tianzhuensisC. L. Xu, a new variety ofMelilotoides(Leguminosae) from Gansu, China [J]. Guihaia, 2016, 36(9):
1023-1025