吕建芬
短文改错在高考试题设计当中是写作的一部分,练好了改错,写作就变得很轻松了。今天我们要谈的是从基础训练的三个方面对此题型进行备考训练。
训练1——单句改错训练法
在基础训练阶段让学生一开始就进行语篇改错是有一定难度的,尤其是对于基础较弱的学生来说,一篇文章只能改对三两个,这会极大地打击他们的自信心。而单句改错则不然,以句子为单位,简单快速易查,会极大调动他们的积极性。对于句子的选择,要改编自高考真题,确保试题的质量及方向的把握。下面我们一起来看一看作者改编的单句改错。
1) My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the cake. (enjoying)
2) Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only friend. (are)
3) At last, we reached the park, which we spent the whole afternoon. (where)
4) Unfortunate, the environment has been polluted. (Unfortunately)
由于篇幅有限 在此仅举几例。
训练2——学生作文改错
短文改错的语言材料通常取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔,且话题常见,篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平, 即通俗易懂,基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪,偏,难的语句结构。词数通常与书面表达一样, 也在100词左右。所以,学生的作品正好是合适的短文改错练习材料。下面列出一些学生的写作练习:
1) Doing regular exercise and it will benefit to our health. (去掉to)
2) Wed better take regular exercise to keep health. (healthy)
3) Have a balanced diet is beneficial for our study. (Having)
4) Wish you can make a good progress. (去掉a)
5) There are many classmates feel under great pressure. (feeling)
训练3——化整为零法
经过上面的训练之后,接下来就可以进行短文训练了。现在的短文改错新题型从实用出发,是真正的校对式阅读,比传统题型难度略大一些。为了给学生降低难度,加之前面进行的单句训练所有建议:速读第一遍时不妨同时数一下全文共有多少个句子,把整段文章化单个句子,这样有利于答案的确定。例如:2011全国卷I, 短文改错就可以分解成这些句子。
1) My summer travel started terribly.
2) I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. (buying)
3) I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. (there; for (a) long)
4) I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. (and)
5) Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.(in; were)
6) It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.(luggage)
7) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes.(friends;去掉to)
8) I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.(felt)
总之,改错题型是学生基础知识的具体体现,要想改错不丢分,多拿分,只是掌握巧是不对的,功在平时,且要进行大量的训练。只有进行大量的训练,才会出现质的变化。
(作者单位:河北省沧县中学外语组)