王爱兰 王安水
[摘 要] 目的:观察凝血酶联合立止血治疗小儿上消化道出血临床效果。方法:选取我院2013年11月到2014年11月收治的68例轻中度上消化道出血患兒,随机分为对照组与实验组,给予所有患儿补液、抑酸等基础治疗,对照组患儿口服凝血酶;实验组在对照组基础上加用立止血静注。结果:实验组止血时间(28.46±4.17)h,显著短于对照组的(48.16±5.64)h,差异具有统计学意义。实验组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:凝血酶联合立止血治疗小儿的上消化道出血具有良好的疗效。
[关键词] 凝血酶;立止血;小儿;上消化道出血
中图分类号:R725.7 文献标识码:B 文章编号:2095-5200(2016)04-121-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201604046
Clinical Analysis of the Efficacy of Thrombin and Reptilase In the Treatment of Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage WANG Ailan,WANG Anshui. (Department of paediatrics, Hanzhong people's Hospital,Hanzhong 723000,China)
[Abstract] Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of thrombin and reptilase in the treatment of pediatric upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Methods: Selected 68 cases of children with mild or moderate upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage admitted from November 2013 to November 2014 and randomly divided them into the control group and experimental group, providing them all with basic treatments like fluid infusion and acid suppression. Both groups take oral thrombin while those of the experimental group receive intravenous injection of reptilase in addition. Results:The average hemostasis time of the control group(28.46±4.17)h is obviously shorter than that of the other group(48.16±5.64)h and the difference has statistical significance.The total effective rate of the control group is obviously higher than that of the other group and the difference has statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion: A combined application of thrombin and reptilase shows a good clinical efficacy in the treatment of pediatric upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
[Key words] thrombin;reptilase;pediatric;upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
上消化道出血(UGB)是屈氏韧带以上消化道发生出血[1]。临床表现因病因、出血速度的不同而不同,小儿上消化道出血是临床常见急症,小儿循环血量低于成人,出血危险性高于成人[2]。凝血酶为牛或猪血中提取的凝血酶无菌冻干品,能促使纤维蛋白原转化为纤维蛋白而使血液凝固[3]。立止血是一种酶性止血剂,具有类凝血酶的效力和活性,能促进出血部位的血小板聚集,释放凝血因子,是一种较为理想的止血剂[4]。文献报道[5],以上两种药物联合使用能够充分止血。本研究观察两药联用治疗小儿上消化道出血的疗效。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
病例来源为我院2013年11月到2014年11月收治68例轻中度上消化道出血患儿,年龄在2d-4岁之间,实验由家长签署知情同意书。排除合并感染性及其他脏器疾病患儿[6],所有患儿按随机数字表随机分为实验组和对照组,每组34例,两组患儿性别、年龄、病因、出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.2 治疗方法
所有患儿均平卧,行补液、抑酸等基础治疗[7],必要时输血。对照组患儿以凝血酶100IU/kg溶于生理盐水10 mL口服, 1次/8h;治疗组在对照组基础上加用立止血0.5~1U静注,2次/d,连用5d。
1.3 疗效判定及统计方法
显效:用药48 h内无出血且无继续出血现象,粪便及胃管引流液潜血阴性;有效:用药48 h内有活动性出血,96h内无继续出血现象,粪便及胃管引流液潜血阴性;无效:用药96h后仍有黑便或活动性出血。统计两组患儿的治愈时间及总有效率。
采用SPSS19.0 统计学软件进行统计学分析,计量资料采用t 检验,计数资料采用卡方检验,以P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
实验组止血时间(28.46?±4.17)h,显著短于对照组的(48.16?±5.64)h,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
两组患者经治疗后,均有明显效果,实验组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),具体见表1。
3 讨论
引起小儿上消化道出血的原因包括上消化道的溃疡疾病炎性反应、门脉高压引起的出血、食道和胃黏膜的病变、胆道疾病引起的出血、血管畸形或发育不良以及全身其他疾病引起的出血[9-11]。其中上消化道的溃疡和炎症所占比例最高,约为50%左右[12]。
凝血酶是血小板活化的诱导剂,在Ca2+存在的条件下,凝血酶能活化人体内的凝血因子,刺激血小板,使其发生聚集而形成栓子,从而发挥止血的作用[13]。凝血酶其中的成分类凝血激酶,可作用于血小板因子Ⅲ,也可使血小板因子Ⅴ活化。凝血酶还能直接作用于血液中的纤维蛋白原,促其转变为纤维蛋白,加速人体内血液的凝固,达到止血目的[14]。因为在胃液pH>6时,凝血酶才能发挥其止血作用,过酸的环境会使凝成的血块被消化,因此可在服用前服用一定剂量的抑酸劑[15]。凝血酶具有止血和凝血的双重治疗效果,因此能缩短出血时间,短时间减少出血量。立止血(raptilase)主要成分为巴曲酶和凝血因子X的脂依赖性激活剂[16],是用生物的方法从巴西矛头蝮蛇蛇毒中分离制取得到的一种注射剂,是一种高纯度的酶性止血剂,能够促进人体的细小血管破裂处发生凝血而达到止血目的。在正常血管中不会发挥血小板聚集作用[17],因此不会发生凝血,且其作用不受胃酶、血浆中的凝血酶抑制剂影响等理化因素影响,具有快速、高效、安全优点[18-19]。另外,其中的PF3可在出血部位激活类凝血激酶,在其作用下,加速人体内凝血酶的形成而促进凝血过程,对于任何原因的出血均有效果。
本实验结果表明,凝血酶与立止血联合使用能够明显缩短患儿平均治愈时间,提高治疗的总有效率,对小儿上消化道出血具有良好的疗效。
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