诺贝尔奖

Nobel Prize

Nobel， born on October 21， 1833 in Stockholm， invented the nitroglycerine high explosive in 1867. He was successively engaged in the detonation technology and the synthesis material research in Sweden， Germany， France， England and Italy.He obtained 355 invention patents in his life， winning a very big property. Nobel died in Italy on December 10， 1896.

According to Nobels will， part of his inheritance， altogether $9，200，000， were put in bank as a fund， with interest every year （approximately $200，000） for the people making prominent contribution to physics， chemistry， biology， medicine， literature as well as cause of peace. In 1968， the economy prize was set up.

Every year on December 10 Nobel prizes were issued. According to the convention， physics， chemistry and the economy prizes are issued by Sweden Imperial Academy of science. The biology prize and the medicine prize were issued by the Rollin medicine surgery research institute in Stockholm. The literature prize is issued by the Sweden Literary Academy. The peace prize is issued by Norwegian Parliament. Each awarding unit is equipped with a Nobel committee which is made up of five people responsible for evaluation. Nobels candidates were recommended by the academies of science， universities and the previous prize-winner around the world. The Nobel prize consists of a gold medal， a certification and a bonus.

诺贝尔于1833年10月21日生于斯德哥尔摩，1867年发明硝化甘油烈性炸药。他先后在瑞典、德国、法国、英国和意大利从事爆炸技术和合成物质研究，一生共获得355项发明专利，赢得了一笔很大的财产。1896年12月10日，诺贝尔病卒于意大利。

根据诺贝尔的遗嘱，他的遗产的一部分，共920万美元，作为基金存入银行，用每年的利息（约20万美元）奖励给对物理、化学、生物学或医学、文学及在和平事业方面对人类有突出贡献的人。1968年，诺贝尔奖增设了经济学奖。

每年12月10日颁发诺贝尔奖。按惯例，物理、化学和经济学三种奖项由瑞典皇家科学院颁发；生物学或医学奖由斯德哥尔摩加罗林医学外科学研究院颁发；文学奖由瑞典文学院颁发；和平奖由挪威议会颁发。每个授奖单位设有一个由五人组成的诺贝尔奖委员会，负责评选工作。诺贝尔奖的候选对象，由世界各国的科学院、大学和前获奖者推荐。诺贝尔奖包括一枚金质奖章、一张奖状和一笔奖金。