突破七选五的三大考点

谢奎金

编者按：阅读理解七选五要拿满分并不是非常困难的事，但是同学们必须首先明确该题型的考点，掌握科学的解题方法，然后在复习备考阶段加强专项训练，对错题进行认真的归纳分析，并及时调整做题思路，用心体会该题型的命题规律，就可以快速而准确地找到正确选项。

考点1：主旨概括句

例1 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.

解析：答案为A。空格设在段首，考查主旨概括。根据空格后的句意可知，这段叙述与自信相关，本文讲述重建信任的三条途径，空格处应填“学会相信自己”。

例2 39 If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated. （选项同上）

解析：答案为C。空格设在段首，考查主旨概括。根据空格后的句意可知，生活中遭受背叛在所难免，再结合文章主旨重建信任的三条途径考虑，空格处应填“不要一直认为自己是受害者”。

【考点归纳】高考试卷一般有两道题设在段首，考查主旨概括识别能力。一般而言，短文首段给出中心，其他各段有一个次中心，均为中心句服务，形成总分关系。其他段落第一句为次主题句，其他句为细节支撑句，各句通过意义或逻辑联系起来，形成完整段落。注意篇章布局，把握行文线索是破解此类试题的关键。同时依据段意进行归纳概括，把握主题主线，注意主题句本身的特征，即具有一定的概括性或一般性，不涉及细枝末节或具体事实。错误选项或以偏概全，或偏离段落内容，或与全文中心相悖。

考点2：上下过渡句

例3 Many children like to eat snacks in everyday life， and some of them even have snacks during dinner. To maintain the normal meals and stay healthy， it is necessary to regularly eat snacks for children in their spare time. 36

Prepare healthy snacks in advance.

A. Make it interesting.

B. Keep healthy snacks with you.

C. Read serving size information.

D. Cut up melons or vegetables in advance.

E. Here are some ways to make healthy snacks part of your daily routine.

F. If you like to do some cooking about snacks，you can follow the following ways.

G. If youre crazy for chocolate，try a hot chocolate drink instead of a chocolate bar.

解析：答案为E。空格设在段尾且介于上下段之间，考查上下过渡句。根据空格前一句可知，为了健康和维持正常用餐，给小孩子定时供应零食很有必要。根据空格后一句可知，“提前准备好零食”是其中一条措施，且不是自己动手做零食，空格处填“下面提供一些让健康零食成为日常生活常规一部分的做法”。

例4 Satisfy craving（渴望）with healthier approaches.

■ An 8-ounce mug of hot chocolate has only 140 calories and 3 grams of fat. A chocolate bar，on the other hand，has 230 calories and 13 grams of fat. （选项同上）

解析：答案为G。空格设在段首且介于上下段之间，考查上下过渡句。根据空格前核心词汇with healthier approaches可知，用更健康的方式来满足需求。根据空格后的句子可知，选择巧克力饮品更健康，空格处填“若你非常爱吃巧克力，可尝试用巧克力饮品代替巧克力棒”。

【考点归纳】高考试卷一般有一道题设在段首或段尾。过渡句是用来显示前后段逻辑衔接的句子，可位于段首或段尾。有三种途径实现过渡：一是对核心词汇的重复；二是使用指示代词this/that/these/those/such；三是使用过渡词语，如next，in addition，however等。过渡句起承上启下的作用，主要显示上下段的逻辑关联，让行文流畅，前后衔接自然。答此类试题须瞻前顾后，上下求索。错误选项使前后段的衔接不自然，上下不连贯，无法体现行文结构和行文脉络。

考点3：细节支撑句

例5 During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day. 38 ，it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.

A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

D. With each day，increase the distance by a half mile

E. If they still feel good，you can begin running in them

F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

解析：答案为A。空格设在两句之间，考查细节支撑句。根据空格前后语境可知，空格处填“六天后”，这样才符合逻辑，前后时间相互照应。

例6 Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.

B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

C. Without wandering minds，we wouldnt have relatively，Coke or Post-it notes.

D. At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

E. It involves slow，steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.

G. Therefore，its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.

解析：答案为B。空格设在两个句子之间，考查细节支撑句。根据空格前的核心词汇being unaware of whats happening以及forgetful and clumsy可知，白日梦者不清楚周围发生的事情，显得健忘和呆滞，因而备受诟议。根据空格后的核心词汇ignoring us and missing the important things可知，白日梦者因无视和疏忽而让人生烦。空格处应填白日梦者所进行的动作，导致前后对应的结果，前后人称一致，逻辑清晰。

【考点归纳】高考试卷一般有两道题设在两个句子之间。用来支撑主题句的句子被称为支撑句，支撑句通过本身逻辑或意义连接成一个完整段落。较主题句而言，支撑句更具体或更特定，往往表示事实、分析、举例、引用、逻辑等。答此类试题时，同学们要注意利用前后句代词指代关系、逻辑关系以及时间先后关系等寻找突破口和找到关联点。错误选项往往使前后句意不通顺，内容脱节，人称不对应，指代不清等。

（责任编校 彭益）