中考英语单项选择面面观

陈传光供稿

中考英语单项选择面面观

陈传光供稿

单项选择题是中考英语的重要题型之一。其知识覆盖面广，灵活性大，综合性强。考查的内容涉及词汇、语法、习惯用法、交际用语等各个方面。单项选择题对语言知识的考查，通常是将语言知识与语言功能相结合，在语境中考查知识的应用。

一 考★向★分★析

近年来，中考英语减少了对纯语法结构的考查，而相应增加了对综合知识的考查。例如加长题干，形成一定的语境，要求同学们能够活用知识、辨析词语的用法和含义、根据句中的情景进行逻辑推理和判断，强调了培养实际运用英语的能力。这种题型所涉及的考点主要有以下几方面：

❶ 定冠词、不定冠词的基本用法；

❷ 名词单复数和名词所有格；

❸ 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词及不定代词的用法；

❹ 形容词和副词的原级、比较级、最高级及两种词类的用法区别；

❺ 基数词、序数词与分数的用法及表达法；

❻ 介词的基本用法；

❼ 连词的基本用法；

❽ 一些习惯用语和固定搭配的记忆和使用；

❾ 动词的时态和语态、动词不定式及动名词的用法；

❿ 情态动词的基本用法；

⓫ 反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、宾语从句和特殊疑问句的基本句子结构和用法。

二 答★题★技★巧

单项选择题的测试目的明确，覆盖面广，不仅可以测试学生对于基础知识的掌握，也可以考查他们运用语言的能力。在解答此类题型时，可根据其特点从以下几个方面入手：

1. 固定搭配法

英语句子中词语和词语之间有一定的“固定搭配”，主要包括介词短语、动词短语、名词短语、冠词在固定搭配中的用法等。因此，如果我们熟悉这些固定搭配，就可以很容易地选出正确答案。例如：

① Jim is _school. His father is _work.

A. on; at B. at; at C. at; on D. on; on

★ at school表“在学校，在上学”，而at work表“在上班”，都是固定搭配。故选B。

② If you read a lot, you life will be full_ pleasure.

A. by B. of C. for D. with★ be full of意为“充满”，是固定搭配。故选B。

③_age 7, Bruce won the second prize in the piano competition.

A. In B. At C. On D. For

★ at age+数字=at the age of+数字，指“在……岁时”，属于习惯搭配。故选B。

2. 语境分析法

在处理知识与能力的关系时，命题者会很注意在尽可能真实与自然的语境中考查学生对知识的掌握与运用情况，因而常将词语辨析、时态选择和其他语法知识置于一定的语境中。例如：

① —When _you _your old friend?

—The day before yesterday.

A. will; visit B. did; visit C. have; visited D. are; visiting

★ 由答语“前天”可知问句应用一般过去时，故选B。

② —_do you go to the library?

—Once a week.

A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How soon

★ 由答语“一周一次”可知询问的是对方去图书馆的频率，故选A。

③ —I can’t find Jack. Where is he?

—He _for tomorrow’s competition at home.

A. prepares B. is preparing C. has prepared D. prepared

★ 由上文的“Where is he?”可知是询问杰克现在所在的位置，再结合各选项可知用现在进行时，故选B。

3. 逐个排除法考生总会对少数难题望而生畏，但考生可根据题干的特定信息及句子的结构和语法进行有理有据的合理推测，排除错误选项，从而找出正确的答案。当你对某个选项的意义用法不明确，而这个选项又恰恰是正确答案时，可以将错误选项逐个剔除，那么剩余的一个即为正确答案。例如：

① The teacher wanted to have a word with Jim, but she had_to tell him.

A. important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important

★ 形容词作定语修饰不定代词时，形容词须后置，故排除A项；nothing表“没有什么”，something表“某事，某物”，由句意可知选B。

②_weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.

A. What good B. How good C. How bad D. What bad

★ 句中已有主语it，weather（天气）是名词，故感叹句用what引导，排除B、C两项；再由下句句意“我们不能去玄武湖划船了”可推知，现在天气不好，故用形容词bad。故选D。

③ He invited some classmates to come to his party, but_came.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

★ classmates是可数名词的复数形式，首先排除A、B两项；a few表示肯定，few表示否定，根据but判断句意前后有转折之意，故选D

4. 前后照应法

答题前首先应弄清楚题干的真正意思，然后联系上下文，捕捉暗示的信息，最后判断出正确答案。例如：

① My brother is a_boy. He always does little work the whole day.

A. busy B. good C. nice D. lazy

★ 单看第一句，从语法上讲，A、B、C、D四个选项都没有问题。但由后句“他总是整天无所事事”，可知他是一个懒惰的男孩。故只有D项符合句意。

② —Excuse me, haven’t you learned the new_law? Everyone in the car must wearthe seat belt.

—Sorry, we won’t do that again.

A. food B. traffic C. medicine D. education

★ 上句句意为“打扰一下，难道你没学习过新的_法规吗？车里的每个人都必须系上安全带”。而food为“食物”，traffic为“交通”，medicine为“药”，education为“教育”，故选B。

③ Being honest is the first _if you want to make friends with others.

A. step B. time C. job D. hand

★ step为“步，阶梯”，time为“时间”，job为“工作”，hand为“手”。该句句意为“如果你想与他人交朋友，诚实是第一步”。故选A。

5. 比较辨析法

命题者常把语法结构相似的句型和易混词汇放在同一语境中，用来考查考生对基础知识掌握的牢固程度和辨析能力。这就要求考生找出所要考查的知识要点，并加以比较和辨析，认清它们之间的区别，从而找出正确答案。例如：

① It _me two hours to do my homework last night. A. spent B. took C. paid D. used

★ 本题考查表“花费”的句型。D项为干扰项，故排除；spend、take和pay都可作“花费”义，因此单凭词义很难确定，但只要掌握了it作形式主语时的句式“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”，便很容易选出正确答案了。故选B。

② —W_hat’s wrong with you, Jack? You look tired.—I to prepare for the final exam last night.

A. picked up B. woke up C. stayed up D. put up

★ pick up为“捡起，拾起”，wake up为“醒来”，stay up为“不睡觉，熬夜”，put up为“举起，搭建，进行，张贴”。由上句中look tired（看起来困倦）可知，stay up符合题意。故选C。

③ —Can I _your bike?_—With pleasure. But you mustn’t it to others.

A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend C. lend; lend D. borrow; borrow

★ lend表示句子的主语“借出”，而borrow表示句子的主语“借入”。题中问句的意思是“我可以借用你的自行车吗？”，表示的是句子主语“借入”，故用borrow；题中答语中第二句的意思是“但你一定不要把它借给别人”，表示的是句子主语“借出”，故用lend。故选B。

6. 常识运用法

根据我们平时掌握的政治、历史、地理、天文、数理化、生活、风俗等方面的知识去进行推理判断从而得出答案，这种方法就叫常识运用法。例如：

① People usually eat moon cakes on_.

A. Teachers’ Day B. Mother’s Day C. May Day D. Mid-Autumn Festival

★ 人们通常在中秋节才吃月饼，故选项D正确。

② France is a good place for holiday. You can visit _in France.

A. Big Ben B. the Eiffel Tower C. Mount Fuji D. the Great Wall

★ Big Ben是英国的大本钟；the Eiffel Tower是法国的埃菲尔铁塔；Mount Fuji是日本的富士山；the Great Wall是中国的长城。由题中的France（法国）可知选B。

③ In _, people are supposed to kiss when they meet for the first time.

A. China B. Japan C. Korea D. Brazil

★ 结合西方国家的习俗可知，见面亲吻以示问候是法国、意大利、西班牙及巴西等国的礼节。故选D。

□ 1. —Is Total Soccer _ weekly round-up (综合报道) of soccer?—Yes. It provides us with _ latest news on soccer.

A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a

□ 2 —What shall we do to kill time?

—Well, _ it is Wanda Cinema’s half-price day, why not go to see a film?

A. since B. while C. unless D. though

□ 3. —Too much traffic is harmful _ the environment.

—Sure. But we have difficulty _ controlling the number of cars.

A. to; in B. in; in C. on; to D. in; on

□ 4. —When did you show an _ in reading?

—At the age of six, I became _ in reading comics.

A. interest; interesting B. interested; interested C. interesting; interested D. interest; interested

□ 5. It is difficult for people to find space to _ near the shopping mall at weekends.

A. hide B. ride C. leave D. park

□ 6. —I can’t decide which movie to watch.

— _ read the movie review first?

A. Why not B. Let’s C. Why don’t D. Perhaps

□ 7. — _ it is snowing!

—Yeah. We can enjoy snow fights!

A. What heavy B. How heavy C. How heavily D. What heavily

□ 8. This village is _ two parts by a big river. However, there is a stone bridge for people to go

across the river.

A. made up B. connected with C. divided into D. dealt with

□ 9. —Would you like _ to drink?

—OK. A cup of watermelon juice, please.

A. something sweet B. everything sweet C. sweet something D. sweet everything

□ 10. Andy has made _ this term that his parents will award him a new laptop.

A. such a great progress B. so a great progress C. such great progress D. so great progress

□ 11. Ma Ji, a great cross-talk (相声) artist, _ on the morning of December 20th, 2006.

A. died of B. passed over C. passed away D. ran away

□ 12. It’s important to know about some safety rules. And don’t forget _ in the traffic safety class.

A. what the teacher said B. what did the teacher say

C. the teacher said what D. what has the teacher said

□ 13. —Why didn’t you answer my phone call this morning?

—Oh, sorry. I _ a TV series and didn’t hear it.

A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have watched

□ 14. My grandfather doesn’t know that Kim Soo-hyun is a Korean star _ has millions of fans in China.

A. whom B. those C. who D. which

□ 15. —I hope that I will have millions of dollars and I can buy my private (私人的) plane.

— _ .

A. You are welcome B. That’s very kind of you C. In your dreams D. Thank you all the same

【参考答案】1-5 BAADD 6-10 ACCAC 11-15 CABCC