屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖

屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖

屠呦呦成为首位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民，让国人自豪。然而舆论并不是一面倒的赞誉。有些人质疑奖项只颁发给屠呦呦一人，这对团队的其他成员是否公平呢？显然，屠呦呦引发的争议折射出了中西方评奖的文化冲突。

Tu Youyou，an 84-year-old female scientist，became the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobe l Prize in science on Oct 5，2015.While the new s has stirred China's national pride，it has also highlighted differences in prize-awarding practices between China and the world.

Tu，a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine，shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan for unlocking revolutionary treatments for parasitic

2015年10月5日，84岁的女科学家屠呦呦成为第一位获得诺贝尔科学类奖项的中国公民。她获奖的消息激发了中国人的民族自豪感，也将中外评奖标准的差异推向了舆论的中心。

屠呦呦，中国中医科学院研究员，同爱尔兰科学家威廉·坎贝尔和日本科学家大村智一起获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖，以表彰他们在寄生虫疾病治疗研究方面取diseases.Campbell and Omura were honored for their anti-roundworm treatment，while Tu came up with a new drug for malaria.

Tu conducted research in the 1970s that led to the discovery of artemisinin，a drug that has considerably cut the number o f malaria deaths and saved millions of lives.The treatment is based on an herb used in Chinese traditional medicine，called sweet wormwood. Artemisinin-based drugs are now the standard treatment for malaria.

When news broke that Tu was being awarded the prize，there were cheers as well as doubts.Some said the achievement was the result of collective efforts by lots of Chinese scientists，so it is unfair to award the prize only to Tu，China Youth Daily reported.

Indeed，domestic science awards are primarily presented to projects，instead of individual scientists，the newspaper pointed out.

But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method，said Li Zhenzhen，a researcher with the China Academy of Sciences.“The West believes that the advancement of science originates from individuals'creative minds，”said Li.

Tu got the award for three“firsts”.She was the first to bring artemisinin to her project team，the first to extract a form of artemisinin that can altogether inhibit malaria，and the first to complete a clinical trial，according to Zhang Boli，director of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

“Awarding prizes to scientists with creative ideas is the source of national innovation，”Li suggested.“The key is to create fair rules to find the most convincing candidate.”得的开创性成就。坎贝尔和大村发现了有效治疗线虫的药物，而屠呦呦则创制了新型抗疟疾的药物。

20世纪70年代，屠呦呦就开始进行抗疟疾药物的研究，最终发现了青蒿素。青蒿素大幅降低了疟疾患者的死亡率，拯救了千百万人的生命。这种疟疾疗法是由中医草药——青蒿而来。目前，使用青蒿素复方药物已经成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。

当屠呦呦获奖的消息被报道后，有人欢呼，也有人质疑。《中国青年报》报道：有人认为青蒿素的发现是大批中国科学家集体努力的成果，而诺奖却只颁给了屠呦呦，这显然不公平。

该报还指出，国内的科学奖项确实主要都是颁给科研项目而非科学家个人。

中国科学院研究员李真真告诉记者，西方的奖项更倾向于将荣誉授予第一个提出某个新理念或新方法的科学家。李真真补充道：“西方科学界认为科学的进步缘起于个人的独创性思想。”

屠呦呦获奖是因为她的三个“第一”。中国中医科学院院长张伯礼院士说，屠呦呦是第一个把青蒿素带到523项目组（523项目旨在研究抗疟疾药物）的人；她也是第一个提取出有100%抑制力的青蒿素；她还是第一个做临床实验的人。

李真真认为：“科学研究必须承认和奖励提出原创思想的科学家，多一些奖励个人的，这才是国家创新的源泉，关键是设定合理规则，选出让人信服的那一个。”

Tu Youyou:The Frist Chinese to Win a Nobel Prize in Science