阚延婷 甘建和 孙蔚 冯婷婷
215006 江苏 苏州大学附属第一医院感染科
·论著·
HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者Th17、Treg变化及其与临床相关性
阚延婷甘建和孙蔚冯婷婷
215006江苏苏州大学附属第一医院感染科
【摘要】目的研究Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg在乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭(ACHBLF)患者外周血的变化,及其与病情进展及预后的相关性。方法选取33例ACHBLF患者,30例慢性乙型肝炎患者及11名健康对照。用流式细胞技术检测血清中Th17、Treg频数,分析ACHBLF患者Th17、Treg频数的变化及其与TBil、ALT、PT等指标的相关性。结果ACBLF患者的Th17(1.96±0.99)%比CHB患者(0.59±0.40)%及健康对照者(0.26±0.20)%高(P<0.05);ACHBLF的Th17/Treg(0.46±0.32)比CHB患者(0.12±0.11)及健康对照者(0.07±0.06)的高(P<0.05);ACHBLF患者中,死亡者的Th17比存活者高;Th17细胞频数及Th17/Treg与PT、ALT及AST呈正相关(P<0.05),与总胆红素无显著相关性,Th17/Treg与AFP呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论ACHBLF患者存在不同程度的免疫功能紊乱,Th17及Th17/Treg与病情进展相关,且对患者预后有重要价值,Th17越高预后越差。
【关键词】Th17;Th17/Treg;ACHBLF;病情进展;预后
每年全世界约有100万人死于HBV感染引起的肝硬化、肝衰竭和肝细胞癌[1,2]。慢加急性(亚急性)肝衰竭(ACLF)是在已知或未知的慢性肝病的基础上,某些诱因下出现的肝功能的急剧恶化,在中国,超过80%的ACLF是由HBV感染引起,即ACHBLF[3]。
ACHBLF进展的具体分子机制尚不清楚,目前的研究提示宿主的免疫在肝脏损伤的进展中发挥重要作用[4]。T辅助细胞17(Th17)是独特的CD4+T淋巴细胞亚群,在HBV感染的病理过程中发挥重要作用。调节性T细胞(Treg)是CD4+T淋巴细胞的另一亚群,血液或肝脏中Treg细胞的失衡是HBV持续感染及疾病进展的一个原因[5.6]。本研究观察了ACHBLF患者的Th17、Treg频数变化,并分析其与TBil、ALT、PT、AFP等指标的相关性,为评估病情及预后提供线索。
资料和方法
一、研究对象
选择2013年1月至2015年1月在苏州大学附属一院感染科住院的ACHBLF患者33例,其中男性30例,女性3例,年龄30~65岁。诊断符合肝衰竭诊疗指南(2012版),并排除合并甲、丙、戊型肝炎,酒精性肝病,自身免疫性肝病,肝癌等。所有患者近6个月未抗病毒治疗。慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者30例,男21例,女9例,年龄26~60岁。健康对照11例,男15例,女5例,年龄25~45岁。所有患者签署入组知情同意书。
二、仪器、试剂及检测方法
流式检测仪器:Beckman.Coulter XLAT09010流式细胞仪。
试剂:ECD标记的CD3单抗,PC5标记的CD25及CD8单抗,FITC标记的CD4单抗,PE标记的CD279及CD127单抗,红细胞溶解剂及白细胞稳定剂,以及其他的清洗液、鞘液、刺激液等。
Th17及Treg检测:采集患者入院时的空腹血2 mL,置于肝素抗凝管中,加入刺激液,放入37 ℃体积分数为0.05的CO2培养箱中孵育5 h后,加入抗体标记,并混匀离心后,加入破膜剂,再加入二抗,洗涤离心后上机检测。
肝功能检测:应用全自动生化仪及血凝仪检测TBil、ALT、Alb、PT等指标。
三、统计学处理
采用SPSS 17.0软件系统,定量资料用(均数±标准差)表示,多组间比较采用方差分析,两组比较用t检验,正态分布资料相关性分析采用Pearson分析,偏态分布资料用Spearman分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果
一、ACHBLF患者与CHB、健康对照者的Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg的比较
ACHBLF患者的Th17细胞频数为(1.96±0.99)%,CHB及健康对照者的Th17细胞频数分别为(0.59±0.40)%、(0.26±0.20)%,ACHBLF组的Th17细胞频数比CHB组及健康对照者的高,且CHB组的Th17比健康对照者的亦高,差异均有统计学意义。ACHBLF及CHB组的Treg细胞频数比正常人得高,但差别无显著性。比较三组患者的Th17/Treg,ACHBLF组(0.46±0.32)比CHB组0.12±0.11)及健康对照者(0.07±0.06)的高,但CHB与HC之间无明显差别。
二、ACHBLF死亡与存活患者Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg的比较
33例ACHBLF患者中,存活13例,死亡20例,比较两组间Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg,死亡患者的Th17(2.26±0.95)%比存活者(1.50±0.90)%高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Th17/Treg在死亡者中(0.54±0.33)比存活者(0.31±0.23)高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而两组的Treg无明显区别。
三、Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg与肝功能的相关性
Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg与ALT、AST、TBil、AFP及PT均有相关性,但是Th17及Th17/Treg与ALT、AST有显著相关性(P<0.05),且Th17/Treg与AFP呈正相关(表1)。
表1 Th17、Treg和Th17/Treg与肝功能的相关性
注:*P<0.05
讨论
ACHBLF的进展涉及到天然免疫及适应性免疫系统的紊乱,多种细胞包括DC、T淋巴细胞等参与了ACHBLF的疾病过程。Th17及Treg在免疫应答中发挥显著作用[7,8]。研究证实Th17细胞参与了许多肝脏疾病的发病过程,包括酒精性肝病,原发性胆汁性肝硬化,慢性乙型肝炎等,参与了宿主抵御细菌及真菌等病原体的免疫保护过程[9]。Treg细胞与Th17细胞来源于同样的naive细胞,通过释放抗炎因子而发挥抗炎作用,并且被认为在维持宿主自身免疫耐受、免疫平衡中发挥重要作用[10]。Th17与Treg细胞之间紧密联系,两者之间的平衡可以影响自身免疫性,在多种自身免疫性疾病中发现Th17/Treg比例的失衡[11.12]。
本研究发现,ACHBLF及CHB组的Th17及Treg细胞频数比健康对照者高,与Niu等[13]研究相符,证实Th17、Treg参与了HBV感染的病理过程,而升高的Treg细胞可能为阻止由Th17引起的过度免疫应答进行负反馈性调节,阻止HBV特异性的T细胞应答,减轻肝脏炎性反应,控制肝脏的疾病进展[14]。比较三组Th17/Treg发现,ACHBLF组比CHB组及HC高,说明ACHBLF患者体内存在着Th17/Treg的失衡,而该失衡是偏向于Th17,提示免疫功能亢进引起的免疫病理损伤参与了ACHBLF的发病过程。进一步比较ACHBLF死亡者与存活者的Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg,发现死亡者的Th17比存活者高。
一些研究证明,血液中增加的Th17、Treg细胞频数与疾病进展相关,且与肝脏炎症的严重性相平行,比如CHB进展为ACLF[15]。ALT与肝脏炎性反应密切相关,TBil及AST与肝脏损伤程度有关,而AFP提示肝脏坏死后再生的程度。本研究发现,Th17、Treg与它们都有相关性,而Th17与ALT、AST有显著正相关性,Th17/Treg不仅与AST、ALT相关,且与AFP呈正相关。说明在ACHBLF发病过程中,促炎因子Th17高表达及Th17/Treg失衡参与肝细胞的炎性坏死的发生,提示Th17、Th17/Treg能够反映肝脏的炎性反应的程度,这与该组患者临床上表现出的肝脏的合成、解毒、生化转化等功能严重障碍相吻合。此结果与Wang[16]的研究相符,但未发现免疫指标与胆红素的显著相关性,可能与病例数较少,入组患者有的已经过相关治疗有关。
总之,Th17可以反映ACHBLF肝脏损伤的程度,Treg可以抑制免疫系统的过度反应,在ACHBLF患者体内两者均升高,且存在偏向于Th17一方的失衡。Th17与肝脏损伤的严重程度密切相关,并且高的Th17提示预后较差。这些为ACHBLF的治疗提供新的思路。然而,ACHBLF相关的免疫应答是复杂的网络,同时存在抗炎反应综合征,因此进一步动态研究免疫的变化及与炎性因子的关系有助于指导治疗。
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(本文编辑:易玲)
Frequency of Th17 and Treg in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure and its clinical valueKANYan-ting,GANJian-he,SUNWei,FENGTing-ting.DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases,FirstAffiliatedHospitalofSuzhouUniversity,Jiangsu215006,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency of peripheral Th17, Treg and Th17/Treg in patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF), and its correlation with disease progression and prognosis. MethodsSeventy-four cases were enrolled, including 33 HBV-ACLF cases (HBV-ACLF group), 30 chronic hepatitis B cases (CHB group) and 11 healthy cases (control group). The frequency of Th17 and Treg cells and surface antigen quantity in peripheral blood were detected in three groups with flow cytometry technique, respectively. Correlation analysis between changes of Th17 and Treg frequency in the HBV-related ACLF cases and total bilirubin (TBiL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and prothrombin time (PT) was performed. ResultsFrequency of Th17, Treg cells and proportion of Th17/Treg were higher in HBV-ACLF patients than those in CHB and control group (P<0.05), respectively. In HBV-ACLF group, frequency of Th17 in dead patients were higher than that in survivors; frequency of Th17 and Th17/Treg were positively correlated with PT, ALT and AST (P<0.05) with no significant correlation with TBiL. Additionally, Th17/Treg was also positively correlated with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (P<0.05). ConclusionThere were different degrees of immune dysfunction in HBV-ACLF patients. Frequency of Th17 and Th17/Treg were associated with disease progression. Higher frequency of Th17 predicted worse prognosis, which revealed it might be important indicators for those patients.
【Key words】Th17;Th17/Treg;ACHBLF;Disease progression; Prognosis
(收稿日期:2015-08-24)
Corresponding author:Gan Jian-he, Email: ganjianhe@aliyun.com
通信作者:甘建和,Email:ganjianhe@aliyun.com
基金项目:国家“十二五”科技重大专项(2012ZX10002004-008)