刘莉,杨永姣,陈业刚,王尚任,刘晓强,陈少峰,孙光
(1天津医科大学第二医院,天津300211;2天津市泌尿外科研究所)
过表达及沉默细胞黏附分子1基因膀胱癌细胞株的构建
刘莉1,2,杨永姣1,2,陈业刚1,2,王尚任1,2,刘晓强1,2,陈少峰1,2,孙光1,2
(1天津医科大学第二医院,天津300211;2天津市泌尿外科研究所)
摘要:目的构建过表达及沉默细胞黏附分子1(CADM1)基因的膀胱癌细胞株。方法 培养并收集膀胱癌细胞株T24。①过表达CADM1基因T24细胞构建:将T24细胞分为1、2、3组,real-timePCR扩增CADM1基因全长,与慢病毒载体pHBLV-IRES -ZsGreen-PGK-puro进行连接(1组),并设载体对照组(2组)和空白对照(3组);经酶切及测序鉴定正确后在293T细胞中包装病毒,病毒浓缩后感染T24细胞。②沉默CADM1基因T24细胞构建:将T24细胞分为A、B、C、D、E组,设计3条针对CADM1基因的干扰序列(siRNA1/2/3)分别与载体pHBLV-U6-shRNA-ZsGreen-Puro进行连接(A、B、C组),D组与pHBLV-U6-ZsGreen-Puro进行连接,E组为空白对照;经双酶切、PCR及测序鉴定连接载体,在293T细胞中包装病毒,病毒浓缩后感染T24细胞。采用real-time PCR检测T24细胞中的CADM1 mRNA,Western blotting法检测CADM1蛋白。结果过表达和沉默CADM1基因的慢病毒载体及细胞株均正确构建。1、2、3组CADM1 mRNA相对表达量分别为4.84±0.02、1.12±0.03、1.00±0.00,CADM1蛋白相对表达量分别为4.53±0.03、1.05±0.04、1.00±0.01,1组CADM1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达量高于2、3组(P均<0.05)。A、B、C、D、E组CADM1 mRNA相对表达量分别为0.28±0.05、0.98±0.02、0.74±0.01、0.99±0.01、1.00±0.00,CADM1蛋白相对表达量分别为0.33±0.04、0.86±0.12、0.67±0.07、1.00±0.04、1.00±0.03,A组CADM1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达量低于B、C、D、E组(P均<0.05)。结论 成功构建了过表达及沉默CADM1基因的膀胱癌细胞株T24。
关键词:膀胱肿瘤;膀胱癌细胞株;细胞黏附分子1;基因沉默
膀胱癌是我国最常见的泌尿系统肿瘤,膀胱癌的预后与多种因素相关[1,2]。近年来,许多肿瘤标记物相继被发现可用于膀胱癌的预后判断。细胞黏附分子1(CADM1)是2001年由Kuramochi等[3]在人类非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中发现的一种抑癌基因。大量研究显示,CADM1在食管癌[4]、黑色素瘤[5]、肝癌[6]、卵巢癌[7]、乳腺癌[8]、肺癌[9]、喉鳞癌[10]、结肠癌[11]等人类多种肿瘤组织和细胞系中呈低表达或表达缺失,且其低表达与肿瘤较早发生侵袭、转移有关。本课题组前期研究[12]发现,膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中CADM1蛋白表达下调,其主要机制是启动子区CpG岛甲基化。为进一步研究CADM1在膀胱癌发病中的作用及机制,我们采用慢病毒载体构建稳定过表达和沉默CADM1基因的膀胱癌细胞株T24,现将结果报告如下。
1材料与方法
1.1实验细胞人膀胱尿路上皮癌细胞株T24由天津市泌尿外科研究所馈赠。待细胞生长稳定后进行后续实验。收集膀胱癌细胞,分别用于稳定过表达和干扰CADM1基因慢病毒载体的构建实验。
1.2过表达CADM1基因的T24细胞的构建
1.2.1CADM1基因扩增以CADM1 cDNA为模板,进行PCR扩增。CADM1基因上游引物序列为5′-AATCTCGAGATGGCGAGTGTAGTGCTGCC-3′,下游引物序列为5′-ATAGCGGCCGCCTAGATGAAGTACTCTTTCT-3′。 PCR反应体系50 μL共包括10×buffer 5 μL、dNTP 5 μL、MgSO43 μL、上下游引物各1 μL、KOD Plus酶1 μL、模板DNA 0.5 μL、ddH2O 33.5 μL。PCR反应条件:94 ℃ 5 min,1个循环;94 ℃ 45 s,55 ℃ 1 min,72 ℃ 90 s,共35个循环;72 ℃ 10 min,1个循环。PCR产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳后进行胶回收。
1.2.2慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定PCR产物回收后与慢病毒载体pHBLV-IRES-ZsGreen-PGK-puro用Xho Ⅰ、Not Ⅰ双酶切。酶切完成后再次胶回收,处理好的目的片段与载体在T4连接酶16 ℃连接过夜。连接产物转化感受态E.coli,将转化后的感受态E.coli 100 μL涂布于含Amp抗性(100 mg/L)的LB平板培养过夜。挑取中等大小、饱满且未与其他克隆相接触的单克隆接种到卡那霉素选择性(100 mg/L)LB培养基(3 mL),置于37 ℃恒温摇床培养过夜。质粒小提,PCR鉴定正确后,将阳性菌液送上海桑尼生物技术有限公司测序。
1.2.3慢病毒包装将构建好的慢病毒载体与辅助质粒进行大量抽提,当浓度大于1 μg/μL、A260/A280在1.7~1.8方可用以包装。将处于对数生长期的293T细胞接种于直径10 cm的培养皿中,细胞融合达80%~90%时进行转染。慢病毒包装系统3质粒(pSPAX2、pMD2G、pHBLVTM系列载体各10 μg)共转染293T细胞,转染后6 h换液。分别于转染后48、72 h分两次收集病毒上清(其间置换新鲜培养液),收集后滤器过滤,4 ℃下72 000 r/min离心120 min。新鲜培养液500 μL重悬浓缩病毒沉淀,置于-80 ℃冰箱或液氮保存。
1.2.4浓缩病毒感染T24细胞将细胞分为1、2、3组,铺盘于6孔板,每孔约5×105个,1组加入pHBLV-CADM1-IRES-ZsGreen-PGK-puro,2组加入pHBLV-IRES-ZsGreen-PGK-puro,3组不做任何处理,作为空白对照,24 h后换液。48 h后,将培养液完全更换为加有嘌呤霉素(2 μg/mL)的培养液,2 d更换1次培养液,待细胞生长稳定后,即可进行细胞传代,2代之后无需加嘌呤霉素培养,建系完成。感染3~4 d后荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达情况。
1.3沉默CADM1基因的T24细胞的构建设计针对CADM1的三条siRNA序列,siRNA1序列为5′-CAGATGACTTATCCTCTACAA-3′;siRNA2序列为5′-CCAGACATAAAGGTACATACT-3′;siRNA3序列为5′-AGACGCAGACACAGCTATAAT-3′。将T24细胞分为A、B、C、D、E组,其中A、B、C组分别转染搭载siRNA1、2、3的慢病毒载体(pHBLV-U6-ZsGreen-Puro);D组仅转染pHBLV-U6-ZsGreen-Puro,作为空载体对照;E组作为空白对照。详细操作步骤参考“1.2”。
1.4CADM1 mRNA及蛋白检测
1.4.1CADM1 mRNA检测采用real-time PCR法。CADM1 mRNA上游引物序列为5′-ATGGCGAGTGTAGTGCTGC-3′,下游引物序列为5′-GATCACTGTCACGTCTTTCG-3′;内参GAPDH mRNA上游引物序列为5′-TGTGGGCATCAATGGATTTGG-3′,下游引物序列为5′-ACACCATGTATTCCGGGTCAAT-3′。 PCR反应结束后进行分析,以2-ΔΔCt代表CADM1 mRNA相对表达量。
1.4.2CADM1 蛋白检测采用Western blotting法。按照组织蛋白抽提试剂盒说明书提取蛋白,绘制标准曲线并检测样本蛋白浓度;制备SDS-PAGE凝胶,取20 μg蛋白经沸水煮5 min后上样,设置电压80 V,电泳1.5 h;将电泳分离的样品从凝胶转移到固相载体PVDF膜上,5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h,相应一抗4 ℃孵育过夜、二抗孵育2 h,以GAPDH为内参;ECL化学发光试剂加于PVDF膜上反应5 min,凝胶成像分析系统下进行显影、定影。采用Image Pro Plus5.0软件分析目的蛋白相对表达量。
2结果
2.1过表达CADM1基因细胞株构建情况PCR扩增产物与重组质粒pHBLV-CADM1-IRES-ZsGreen-PGK-puro转化DH5α感受态细胞后,挑取单克隆菌株进行PCR鉴定,经双酶切后得到片段大小约为1.3 kb,说明目的基因CADM1成功插入到载体pHBLV-IRES-ZsGreen-PGK-puro中。重组质粒pHBLV-CADM1-IRES-ZsGreen-PGK-puro测序结果与Genbank上公布的序列同源性为100%。病毒浓缩感染T24细胞72 h后,GFP在T24中表达,说明细胞株构建成功。1、2、3组CADM1 mRNA相对表达量分别为4.84±0.02、1.12±0.03、1.00±0.00,CADM1蛋白相对表达量分别为4.53±0.03、1.05±0.04、1.00±0.01,1组CADM1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达量高于2、3组(P均<0.05)。
2.2沉默CADM1基因细胞株构建情况重组质粒pHBLV-U6-shRNA1/2/3-ZsGreen-Puro转化DH5α感受态细胞后,挑取单克隆菌株进行测序,测序结果与设计序列完全一致,说明siRNA1/2/3成功插入载体pHBLV-U6-shRNA-ZsGreen-Puro中。病毒浓缩感染T24细胞72 h后,GFP在细胞中表达,说明细胞株构建成功。A、B、C、D、E组CADM1 mRNA相对表达量分别为0.28±0.05、0.98±0.02、0.74±0.01、0.99±0.01、1.00±0.00,CADM1蛋白相对表达量分别为0.33±0.04、0.86±0.12、0.67±0.07、1.00±0.04、1.00±0.03,A组CADM1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达量低于B、C、D、E组(P均<0.05)。
3讨论
CADM1属于细胞黏附分子中免疫球蛋白超家族成员,是参与细胞间相互作用的一种膜蛋白[3],最早是Murakami等[13]在NSCLC患者分析染色体11q23.2区域时发现。CADM1可参与细胞间黏附、细胞运动、信号转导、介导免疫监视、抑制上皮细胞向间质细胞转变、调节细胞周期进展、诱导细胞凋亡等过程。
大量研究[10~15]显示,CADM1在肿瘤发生发展过程中扮演重要角色。Mao等[14]构建了TSLC1重组腺病毒载体(Ad-TSLC1)并转染至小细胞肺癌A549细胞株,发现Ad-TSLC1可明显抑制A549细胞增殖并促使其凋亡;将转染Ad-TSLC1的A549细胞株移植到裸鼠皮下,发现TSLC1过表达后可使肿瘤体积缩小70%~80%,且TSLC1过表达后还可激活Caspase-3活性,促使肿瘤细胞凋亡。Lu等[10]研究发现,喉癌组织中TSLC1 mRNA和蛋白表达明显降低,并与肿瘤TNM分期和淋巴结转移有关;TSLC1过表达后可抑制肿瘤细胞增殖并减弱其侵袭能力。我们前期研究也发现,膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中CADM1蛋白表达降低[12]。为进一步研究CADM1在膀胱癌中的作用及机制,我们分别构建了稳定过表达和沉默CADM1基因的膀胱癌细胞株T24。
本研究使用的过表达慢病毒包装系统含有GFP和嘌呤霉素抗性两个标记基因。GFP有特异性高、易识别定位、不需要底物和辅助因子、不影响细胞功能等优点,目前已作为报告基因[16]和示踪标记[17]在多领域得到应用。我们将慢病毒载体pHBLV-IRES-ZsGreen-PGK-puro(Ad-GFP1)及CADM1过表达慢病毒(Ad-CADM1)分别感染T24细胞,发现GFP在T24细胞中稳定表达,且1组CADM1 mRNA及蛋白相对表达量高于2、3组,说明过表达CADM1基因的慢病毒载体成功感染T24细胞,且CADM1得到稳定表达,成功获得Ad-CADM1-T24和Ad-GFP1-T24细胞株。
本研究中使用的沉默慢病毒包装系统同样为3质粒系统,组成为pSPAX2、pMD2G和pHBLV-U6-ZsGreen-Puro。将pHBLV-U6-ZsGreen-Puro(Ad-GFP2)及对应沉默载体分别感染T24细胞,结果GFP在T24细胞中稳定表达,A组CADM1 mRNA和蛋白表达量较B、C、D、E组明显下调,成功获得Ad-si1-T24和Ad-GFP2-T24细胞株。
稳定过表达和沉默CADM1基因的膀胱癌细胞株的成功建立,为研究CADM1对膀胱癌侵袭、转移的影响提供了良好基础。CADM1在膀胱癌生长、侵袭、转移过程中的作用及机制尚需进一步研究证实。
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Establishment of bladder cancer cell line overexpressing and silencing cell adhesion molecule 1
LIULi1,YANGYongjiao,CHENYegang,WANGShangren,LIUXiaoqiang,CHENShaofeng,SUNGuang
(1TheSecondHospitalofTianjinMedicalUniversity,Tianjin300211,China)
Abstract:Objective To establish the bladder cancer cell subline stably expressing and silencing cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1). MethodsWe cultured and collected the bladder cancer cell line T24. ① Establishment of T24 overexpressing CADM1. T24 cells were divided into the groups 1, 2 and 3. The full length of CADM1 was amplified by real-time PCR and was connected with pHBLV-IRES -ZsGreen-PGK-puro lentiviral vector (group 1), a vector control group (group 2) and a blank group (group 3). Virus was packaged in 293T cells after enzyme digestion and the sequencing was correct, and viruses after being concentrated were used to infect T24 cells. ②Establishment of T24 stably silencing CADM1. T24 cells were divided into the groups A, B, C, D and E. Three sequences (siRNA1/2/3) interfering CADM1 gene were designed and were connected with pHBLV-U6-shRNA-ZsGreen-Puro lentiviral vector, respectively (groups A, B and C), pHBLV-U6-ZsGreen-Puro (group D) and a blank group (group E). The connected vector was identified using double-enzyme digestion, virus was packaged in 293T cells, and virus of enrichment was used to infect T24 cells. CADM1 mRNA and protein were assessed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. ResultsThe recombinant lentiviral vectors and cell lines of expressing and silencing of CADM1 were correctly established. The relative expression levels of CADM1 mRNA in the groups 1, 2, and 3 were 4.84±0.02, 1.12±0.03, 1.00±0.00, and the relative expression levels of CADM1 protein in the groups 1, 2, and 3 were 4.53±0.03, 1.05±0.04 and 1.00±0.01, respectively. CADM1 mRNA and protein in the group 1 was enhanced effectively as compared with that of the groups 2 and 3 (all P<0.05). The relative expression levels of CADM1 mRNA in the groups A, B, C, D and E were 0.28±0.05, 0.98±0.02, 0.74±0.01, 0.99±0.01, 1.00±0.00, and the relative expression levels of CADM1 protein in the groups A, B, C, D and E were 0.33±0.04, 0.86±0.12, 0.67±0.07, 1.00±0.04 and 1.00±0.03, respectively. CADM1 mRNA and protein in the group A was decreased as compared with that of groups B, C, D and E (all P<0.05). ConclusionThe stable bladder cancer cell lines T24 overexpressing or silencing CADM1 were successfully established.
Key words:urinary bladder neoplasms; urinary bladder carcinoma cell line; cell adhesion molecule 1; gene silencing
(收稿日期:2015-11-04)
中图分类号:R737.14
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1002-266X(2016)07-0020-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.07.007
通信作者简介:刘晓强(1971-),男,教授,博士生导师,主任医师,主要研究方向为泌尿系肿瘤学和男科学。E-mail: xiaoqiangliu1@163.com
作者简介:第一刘莉(1981-),女,主管技师,主要研究方向为泌尿系肿瘤学和男科学。E-mail: 18622208373@163.com
基金项目:天津市自然科学基金重点项目(12JCZDJC23700)。