王志军,贾岛,周建芝,刁增利,黄宇玲,刘铁楠,李海涛
(1华北理工大学附属医院,河北唐山063000;2华北理工大学校医院)
·临床研究·
冠心病合并糖尿病患者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平变化及意义
王志军1,贾岛1,周建芝2,刁增利1,黄宇玲1,刘铁楠1,李海涛1
(1华北理工大学附属医院,河北唐山063000;2华北理工大学校医院)
目的 观察冠心病合并糖尿病患者血浆11脱氢血栓素B2(11-dh-TXB2)水平,探讨其意义。方法 选择冠心病患者270例,其中合并糖尿病134例、未合并糖尿病136例,入院后均给予常规抗冠心病及抗血小板治疗;收集患者临床基本资料;检测血浆11-dh-TXB2水平;随访1年,记录主要心血管事件(MACE)发生及再住院情况。结果 冠心病合并糖尿病与未合并糖尿病患者性别、年龄、BMI、血压、HR、血液生化指标等比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。合并及未合并糖尿病者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平分别为(45.1±11.9)、(51.6±16.5)mmol/L,两者比较P<0.01。合并糖尿病者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平与高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血糖、LDL、冠状动脉病变数及严重病变数均呈正相关(r分别为0.066、0.198、0.365、0.176、0.336,P均<0.05)。所有患者完成1年随访,合并与未合并糖尿病者发生MACE分别为 44、33例,两者比较P>0.05;再住院率分别为17.9%(24/134)、8.8%(12/136),两者比较P<0.05。结论 冠心病合并糖尿病患者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平升高预示患者病情重、预后差。
冠状动脉粥样硬化性疾病;糖尿病;11脱氢血栓素B2
研究发现,血小板激活参与了冠心病(CHD)的发生、发展,抗血小板治疗是CHD治疗的重要组成部分。糖尿病是CHD的等危症,亦应进行抗血小板治疗[1~3]。血小板激活时生成血栓素A2(TXA2),但TXA2不稳定,可迅速失活形成血栓素B2(TXB2)。由于TXB2半衰期短,血液循环中TXB2浓度低,不易被检测;且TXB2易受体外因素影响,检测结果不准确。11-脱氢血栓素B2(11-dh-TXB2)是TXA2无活性的、稳定的代谢产物,不受体外因素影响,不在体外激活,半衰期较长,且没有生物活性,不诱导或阻止血小板聚集。Böhm等[4]研究发现,11-dh-TXB2与体内血小板活化程度相关。本研究观察CHD合并糖尿病患者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平变化,并探讨其意义。
1.1 临床资料 选取2013年7月1日~2014年6月30日华北理工大学附属医院收治的CHD患者270例,男163例、女107例,年龄(63.3±10.6)岁,病程(6.4±2.3)年,冠状动脉(简称冠脉)病变数(3.1±1.6)支、冠脉严重病变数(1.9±1.4)支。其中稳定形心绞痛50例(18.5%),不稳定形心绞痛153例(56.7%),急性心肌梗死67例(24.8%);伴有高血压182例,伴有糖尿病134例。研究对象均通过冠脉造影检查确诊为CHD,冠脉狭窄程度≥50%判定为冠脉病变、≥75%判定为严重病变。排除阿司匹林过敏、哮喘、各种急慢性感染、恶性肿瘤、风湿活动等免疫性疾病、先天性心脏病、严重肝肾功能不全和全身其他系统疾病患者,各种血液病、出血性疾病或有出血倾向、有抗血小板和抗凝治疗禁忌证者。入院后均给予规范的抗冠心病药物治疗;146例给予介入治疗;均于入院当天给予阿司匹林300 mg、氯吡格雷(负荷量)300 mg,继以阿司匹林100 mg/d、氯吡格雷75 mg/d抗血小板治疗。
1.2 相关指标观察 ①一般资料:记录身高、体质量、血压、HR等;询问吸烟、饮酒等嗜好及家族史,高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、脑卒中等病史;完善心电图、超声心动图、冠脉造影等检查。患者入院后第二天晨起空腹采集外周静脉血,检测血常规、凝血功能、肝肾功能、心肌酶、血糖、血脂、高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等。②血浆11-dh-TXB2:入院后第2天晨起空腹采集外周静脉血,采用ELISA试剂盒(美国Cayman化学试剂公司)检测血浆11-dh-TXB2,严格按照产品说明书操作。③随访:所有患者随访1年,记录主要心血管事件(MACE)发生及再住院情况。MACE包括:心绞痛反复发作、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心源性死亡等。再住院指由于心脏原因再次住院。
CHD合并糖尿病与未合并糖尿病患者性别、年龄、BMI、血压、HR、血液生化指标等比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);血浆11-dh-TXB2水平分别为(45.1±11.9)、(51.6±16.5)mmol/L(P<0.01);合并糖尿病者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平与hs-CRP、血糖、LDL、冠脉病变数及严重病变数均呈正相关(r分别为0.066、0.198、0.365、0.176、0.336,P均<0.05)。
270例CHD患者均完成1年随访,发生MACE 77例,再住院36例。合并与未合并糖尿病者发生MACE 分别为44、33例,两者比较,P>0.05;再住院率分别为17.9%(24/134)、8.8%(12/136),两者比较,P<0.05。
美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第三次报告(NCEP-ATPⅢ)[5]指出,糖尿病人群是心血管疾病的高危人群,初诊糖尿病患者中1/2存在心血管疾病、2/3存在血脂异常、1/3存在高血压。糖尿病患者死于心血管疾病的危险较正常人群高2~4倍,75%的糖尿病患者最终的死亡原因是CHD、脑梗死等血栓性疾病,因此防治血栓性疾病是糖尿病患者最重要的治疗目的之一。Dharmasaroja等[6]研究表明,血浆11-dHTXB2水平能够直接反映血小板活化程度、评价抗血小板治疗效果,可作为评价CHD合并糖尿病患者抗血小板治疗效果的指标。本研究结果显示,CHD合并糖尿病患者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平显著高于无糖尿病者,与其他研究结果一致[7,8];说明CHD合并糖尿病患者血小板活化水平更高,对于此类患者更应该强化抗血小板治疗。
本课题组前期研究结果显示,CHD患者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平与患者预后相关[9]。Patrignani等[10]研究亦显示,降低血浆11-dh-TXB2水平对于心血管系统具有保护作用。刘圣林[11]研究显示,CHD患者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平与hs-CRP水平呈正相关。本研究结果显示,CHD合并糖尿患者血浆11-dh-TXB2水平与hs-CRP、血糖、LDL、冠脉病变数及严重病变数均呈正相关。hs-CRP水平能够反映动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定性,而不稳定斑块破裂是急性冠脉综合征的病理基础[12]。血小板激活在急性冠脉综合征发生过程中发挥举足轻重的作用。Gresele等[13]研究显示,2型糖尿病患者血小板活化水平随着血糖水平的增加而增加,如血糖控制不良易发生血管闭塞。对于CHD合并糖尿病患者,控制血糖使其达标能够改善患者预后。Shen等[14]研究发现,在动脉粥样硬化形成过程中,随着动脉粥样硬化斑块体积增加,血浆LDL水平和11-dh-TxB2水平同时增加;提示动脉粥样硬化病变的进展不仅与高胆固醇血症有关,还与血小板激活机制有关,11-dh-TXB2与LDL共同参与了动脉粥样硬化性疾病的发生、发展。Capone等[15]报道,血浆11-dh-TXB2水平与CHD患者冠脉病变严重程度有关。血小板活化与CHD患者心肌坏死和冠脉病变数密切相关,3支血管病变患者的血小板活化程度显著高于2支血管病变者,2支血管病变者的血小板活化程度显著高于1支血管病变者[16]。本研究随访1年时CHD合并糖尿病者发生MACE 有增加的趋势,再住院率显著高于无糖尿病者。说明血小板活化程度越高,患者发生MACE及再住院的危险性越大,与Aref 等[17]研究结果一致。上述结果提示,CHD合并糖尿病患者血浆11-dh-TXB2升高反映其预后不良,对此类患者应进一步加强抗血小板治疗。
综上所述,CHD合并糖尿病血浆11-dh-TXB2水平升高者病情重、预后差。应对影响其血浆11-dh-TXB2水平的因素进行综合干预,如降低hs-CRP水平,控制血糖及LDL,积极干预冠脉病变,强化抗血小板治疗。
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Changes in levels of 11-dh-TXB2 in patients with coronary heart disease combined with diabetes mellitus
WANGZhijun1,JIADao,ZHOUJianzhi,DIAOZengli,HUANGYuling,LIUTienan,LIHaitao
(1AffiliatedHospitalofNorthChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Tangshan063000,China)
Objective To observe the 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11-dh-TXB2) level in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) combined with diabetes mellitus and to investigate its significance. Methods Totally 270 CHD patients were selected including 134 cases with diabetes (diabetic group) and 136 cases without diabetes (non-diabetic group). They received conventional anti-CHD and antiplatelet therapy after admission. Their basic clinical data were recorded and 11-dh-TXB2 level was detected. After 1-year follow-up, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and re-hospitalization were recorded. Results No significant differences were found in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and blood biochemical indicators between diabetic group and non-diabetic group (allP>0.05). The 11-dHTXB2 levels of diabetic group and non-diabetic group were (45.1±11.9) mmol/L and (51.6±16.5) mmol/L, respectively, and there were significant difference,P<0.01. For CHD patients with diabetes, 11-dHTXB2 plasma level was positively correlated with hsCRP, blood sugar, LDL, coronary artery disease and the number of serious diseases, respectively (r=0.066, 0.198, 0.365, 0.176 and 0.336, allP<0.05). After 1-year follow-up, 33 cases (24.3%) and 44 cases (32.8%) had MACE in the diabetic group and non-diabetic group, respectively, and there were no significant differences (P>0.05). The re-hospitalized patients of the diabetic group and non-diabetic group were 12 cases (8.8%) and 24 cases (17.9%), respectively, and there were significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion The increased 11-dHTXB2 level in CHD patients with diabetes indicates severe illness and poor prognosis.
coronary artery atherosclerosis; diabetes mellitus; 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2
河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划(20100474)。
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.36.013
R541.4
B
1002-266X(2016)36-0043-03
2016-01-12)