辽宁 张依依
从主位推进角度分析语篇
辽宁 张依依
主位推进模式有助于语篇的阅读,本文从介绍主位推进模式,主位结构和述位结构,以及举例从主位推进模式的角度对具体语篇进行分析,从中得出一定规律,对语篇的阅读具有指导意义。
主位推进 语篇
主位推进模式最基本的发展模式分为四种:平行性发展,延续性发展,集中性发展和交叉性发展。主位推进是人类大脑的思维特征和一般规律的反映,主位与述位的分析揭示了句子连贯的规律性,对语篇的阅读起到了至关重要的作用。
据系统功能语法理论,我们可以知道主位结构识由两部分组成:主位和述位。主位是信息的起点,说话者要讨论的话题。而述位是对主位的发展。主位结构的基本单位是小句,并且主位总是在小句之首。主位结构的取向是说话者,即主位结构是从说话者的角度来组织信息的。
当看到一个语篇的时候,我们可以按照语句出现的先后顺序逐一切分主位和述位,然后再理清作者的思路。从中得知作者想说什么,他是从什么地方开始说起的,又过了一段时间,他是从什么地方又引入了新的话题,直至语篇结束,得知他关心什么问题。
我们对下面语篇进行逐一分析:
[1] The brain is our most precious organ—the one above all which allows us to be human.
[2] The brain contains 10 billion nerve cells, making thousands of billions of connections with each other. [3] It is the most powerful data processor we know, but at the same time it is incredibly delicate. [4] As soft as a ripe avocado, the brain has to be encased in the tough bones of the skull, and floats in its own waterbed of fluid. [5] An adult brain weighs over 3lb and fills the skull. [6]It receives one-fifth of the blood pumped out by the heart at each beat.
[7] The brain looks not unlike a huge walnut kernel: it is dome-shaped with a wrinkled surface, and is in two halves joined in the middle. [8] Coming out from the base of the brain like a stalk is the brain stem. [9] Parts of the brain stems control our most basic functions: breathing, heart beat, waking and sleeping.
Analysis:
Firstly, list the theme of every sentence orderly:
T1: the brain T2: the brain T3: it T4: As soft as a ripe avocado T5: An adult brain T6: it T7: the brain T8:Coming out from the base of the brain
T9: Parts of the brain stems control our most basic functions
Secondly, list the rhemes of every sentence orderly:
R1: our most precious organ
R2: 10 billion nerve cells making thousands of billions of connections with each other
R3: the most powerful data processor
R4: the brain has to be encased in the tough bones of the skull, and floats in its own waterbed of fluid
R5: weighs over 3lb and fills the skull
R6: receives one-fifth of the blood pumped out by the heart at each beat
R7: looks not unlike a huge walnut kernel
R8: the brain stem
R9: breathing, heart beat, waking and sleeping
总而言之,话语运用主位推进模式以确保语篇的连贯性,主位推进模式对语篇的阅读与写作都起到了至关重要的作用,它不仅能简化语篇阅读,而且能够帮助我们使用不同的主位作为每个句子的主语。
[1]苏建华(2008).从主位推进模式看语篇的衔接和连贯[J].安徽工业大学学报,第6期.
[2]王春娥(2008).主位推进与语篇连贯[J].湖州师范学院学报,第5期.
[3]杨斐(2011).主位推进与语篇连贯[J].西安外国语学院学报,第4期.
[4]张育红(2004).主位推进与写作的连贯性[J].国外外语教学,第2期.
张依依.性别:女.民族:汉.籍贯:辽宁锦州.出生年月:1992.01.学校:沈阳师范大学;学院:外国语学院.专业:外国语言学及应用语言学.学历:硕士研究生在读
(作者单位:辽宁省沈阳)