Abstract

OIL AND GAS TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

Research and Application of Yulin Gas Field Pipeline Integrity Management

Han Dongxing, Liu Banghua, Xie Yonggang, Tian Xijun, Wang Xuan (Gas Production Plant 2 of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710200, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):01-05

ABSTRACT:At present，the ‘6-step-cycle method’ for pipeline integrity management brought up by the PetroChina Pipeline R&D Center is most commonly used. However, under the framework of the existing system in the current domestic oil and gas field enterprises, the ‘6-step-cycle method’ alone cannot fully meet the pipeline integrity management. A new model of the management and technology construction simultaneously for oil and gas enterprises was proposed, and then Yulin Gas Field Pipeline Integrity Management System was established through a series of managerial as well as technical measures, which includes the establishment of management system documents, optimization of organizations, classification management, technology reserve in initial stage and supporting measures in late stage, development of digital management platform, performance evaluation and improvement and so on. As a result, the management of Yulin gathering pipeline was improved, the safety secured, the investment of resources optimized.

Gathering pipeline; Integrity management; System document; Digital control platform; Risk assessment; Inspection and maintenance

Analysis on Effect of Compressor Failure in the Long Distance Initial Station on Gas Processing Plant

Wu Lianghong (China Petroleum Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, 100083, China)

Chen Xiaonan, Zong Yuan (China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. Beijing Company, Beijing, 100085, China)

Yang Wenchuan (China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. Southwest Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China)

Chen Fei (China University of Petroleum (Beijing). Machinery and Storage & Transportation Engineering Institute, Beijing, 102249, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6): 06-10

ABSTRACT:To readuce the effect of compressors shutdown in gas transmission initial station on normal production of upstream gas processing plant, the impacts of single and double compressor failure to upstream gas processing plant was analyzed based on the existing piping system of certain gas transmission initial station with SPS simulation software and the allowed buffer time was specified respectively. Consequently, three different methods and countermeasures were proposed and verified during simulation at the same time in order to assure the safety of production and operation of upstream gas processing plant and pipelines.

KEYWORDS:Natural gas processing plant; Initial station; Compressor failure; SPS software; Measures

Design and Construction of Oil and Gas Pipeline Gas Tunnel

Shi Changyuan, Wang Xiaofeng (China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd.Southwest Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China)

Du Chengxiang (94104 PLA Troops, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721008, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6): 11-15

ABSTRACT:Oil and gas pipeline tunnel under special circumstances need to cross the stratum containing gas. To ensure safety of tunnel during construction and operation of the pipeline at later stage, from the tunnel gas detection, design and construction of support mode, necessary measures shall be taken for comprehensive consideration and safety, environmental, economic and applicable scheme be selected. Combined with oil and gas pipeline gas tunnel engineering examples, the whole process of gas tunnel design and construction have been fully explained from gas detection methods and equipment, appropriate ways of tunnel support to all security requirements in the construction period, which provides the reference and guidance for the future similar projects.

KEYWORDS:Oil and gas pipeline; Gas tunnel; Detection; Design; Construction

Numerical Simulation of Product Oil Sequential Transportation Under Different Inclination Angle

He Xianrong, Zhang Yindi, Wu Lijuan (School of Petroleum Engineering. Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430100, China)

Yang Jianping (PetroChina SAGD Development Project Management Department of Liaohe Oilfield Company, Panjin, Liaoning, 124010, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):16-21

ABSTRACT: In order to better understand the variation characteristics of mixed oil segment in pipeline oil transportation, with the aid of the professional fluid simulation software Fluent, the numerical simulation is carried out for oil transportation shutdown pipeline underdifferent angles, with simulation results and the derived data analyzed. The results show that during shutdown, gravity and the density difference between oil is the main factor resulting in changes of characteristics of mixed oil segment. As pipe inclination angle goes larger, natural convection generated by diesel in high gravitational potential energy increases the length of mixed oil segment significantly, and the time required is even shorter. When the gasoline is in high gravitational potential energy, the increase of pipe inclination angle inhibits the increase of the mixed oil segment and the concentration layering of mixed oil segment is consistent with pipeline inclination angle. The results of the study provide reference for the reduction and prevention of mixed oil segment generation and increasing under shutdown.

KEYWORDS:Sequential transportation; Shutdown; Different inclination angle; Mixed oil features; Numerical simulation

Research on Safe Storage of Crude Oil in Single Sour Well and Flash Gas Recovery

Wu Chao, Gong Yanshuang, Zhang Ailiang (PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, Xinjiang, 841000, China)

Zeng Zhengping, Zhu Lijing, Guo Yanlin (China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. Southwest Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):22-25

ABSTRACT: The storage of sour crude and secure discharge of flash gas have always been a focus of oil & gas well, especially singlewell production. Better configuration and precautions are introduced by analyzing the leak point of H2S in sour well in Tarim oilfield and appropriate measures are suggested according to the analysis on economic benefit. Crude storage security and flash gas recovery shall be fully considered in the project design stage. Developing flash gas recovery technology is beneficial to reduce greenhouse gas discharge, protect environment, and bring multiple-benefit to economy, society and politics.

KEYWORDS:Sour crude; Flash gas; Recovery; Oil tank

OIL AND GAS TREATING AND PROCESSING

Study on Increasing Operating Rate for Tail Gas Treatment Unit in Longgang Gas Processing Plant

Yan Chongrong, Lei Yu (PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company. Chuanzhong Gas Field, Suining, Sichuan, 629000, China)

Huang Jun (China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. Southwest Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):26-30

ABSTRACT: For constant SO2effluent rate ≤28.1kg/h and ensuring achieving environmental protection requirement, tail gas treatment unit is an important environmental protection facility and its operating rate must be increased. By analyzing operation condition and shutdown condition of tail gas treatment unit in Longgang gas processing plant and studying shutdown caused by solvent corrosion and other factors, updated operation methods were raised, as well as measures for solvent corrosion control, and the operating rate were increased, and solutions and suggestions for operation and maintenance were proposed.

KEYWORDS:Natural gas processing; Tail gas treatment unit; Corrosion; Operating rate

Research and Application of A New Hydrate Inhibitor Z-6

Zhang Rongfu, Huang Xiangfeng (Sinopec North China Oil & Gas Company 2ndGas Recovery Plant, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):31-34

ABSTRACT:The low temperature of winter leads to hydrate blockage in gas pipeline and wellbore. Methanol is often used to prevent hydrate formation in Dongsheng gas field. It has brought serious effect on environmental protection because of toxicity and volatility. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective hydrate inhibitor to meet both the production and environmental protection and safety in Dongsheng gas field. For this reason, research and field application of a new nontoxic hydrate inhibitor Z-6 has been launched based on the research on the inhibition technology of hydrate at home and abroad. In consideration of the practical production of gas well, continuous drip process of self-reliance type is applied in the gas field. Application results have showed that it can completely meet the gas field production. the production rate have reached 95% and have increased 7 percentage points over the same period after the use of new non-toxic hydrate inhibitor. Single plug-release takes 7h and reduced by nearly half comparing with the previous period. The dosage of the chemicals was only 30% of methanol in the same period. The corrosion inhibition rate has been about 80%, which slows down the corrosion rate of downhole string. Results show that the prevention and plug removal effect of the new hydrate inhibitor is better than that of methanol. It meets the requirements of production and environmental protection at site.

KEYWORDS: New hydrate inhibitor, Methanol; Plug prevention; Safety and environmental protection

Successful Application of Light Hydrocarbon Desulfurization by Alkaline Wash in Tahe Oilfield

Zhang Li (Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Corporation. Xinjiang Company, Korla, Xinjiang, 843000, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):35-39

ABSTRACT:In 2016, the light hydrocarbons sold by Tahe oilfield light hydrocarbon station No.2 have given off peculiar smell. After laboratory analysis, it was found that the total sulfur light hydrocarbon was beyond relevant requirements in Stable Light Hydrocarbon 9053-2013 GB. After analysis, it is considered that the organic sulfur, such as the organic sulfur in the light hydrocarbon, leads to excessive sulfur content. According to the fact that established mixed hydrocarbon alkali washing desulfurization device can better remove the organic sulfur, it was determined to connect the light hydrocarbon with the existing mixed hydrocarbon alkali washing desulfurization device for alkali washing. Reconstruction scheme: one is to reconstruct the inlet tube of existing alkali wash tank and water tank and add distributor; another one is to optimize alkali washing process flow, add one vertical alkali washing tank. After reconstruction was carried out, ethanethiol was removed from light hydrocarbon by alkali washing process, and the sulfur content was obviously decreased, which meets the standard requirements.

KEYWORDS:Light hydrocarbon; Alkaline washing desulfurization; Sulfur content exceeding standard; Process optimization

Leakage and Explosion Hazard Analysis of LNG Receiving Station

Weng Haoming, Li Zili, Bian Jiang, Zhang Chengbin（China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, 266580, China）

Weng Haoming, Li Zili, Bian Jiang, Zhang Chengbin (Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, Qingdao, Shandong, 266580, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):40-45

ABSTRACT:LNG belongs to the inflammable and explosive goods. In case of a leakage, it might trigger hazards like jet fire, pool fire, flash fire and vapor cloud explosion. In this paper, a typical working condition of leakage accident of LNG as well as other hazards caused by leakage was selected by using DNV PHAST software to calculate and analyze the consequence. Then GIS was adopted to show the hazardous area of the diffusion gas, heat radiation ranges of jet fire and pool fire, and the influenced zone of vapor cloud explosion. Finally, some countermeasures were put forward to prevent such risks. These countermeasures can provide the basis for the establishment of fire power and the formulation of contingency plan

KEYWORDS:LNG leakage; Jet fire; Pool fire; Vapor cloud explosion; LNG receiving station safety

Comparison of Energy Consumption Between Propane-Propene Distillation Separation Process and Prospect Forecast

Li Jintao (College of Chemical and Chemical Engineering of Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):46-50

ABSTRACT: In order to reduce the energy consumption of the propane-propene separation process effectively, a theoretical basis for the optimization have been provided by comparing several relevant distillation processes. It begun with the existing propane-propene separation process, set up feed ratio to reach high purity propene with the mass fraction of 99.6%. In this paper, the process simulation software of ASPEN PLUS V8.6 has been used to simulate the conventional distillation process, heat pump distillation, conventional extractive distillation and divided wall extractive distillation. Then, comparative study was conducted according to the stimulation result from the combination of energy consumption and equipment investment. In the case of energy conservation, the last three kinds of distillation could save consumption by 34.1%, 20.2% and 42.1% compared with conventional distillation. With the consideration of equipment investment, heat pump distillation and divided wall extractive distillation have significant advantages. So, heat pump distillation and divided wall extractive distillation could have wide industry applications and would be the focus of future study.

KEYWORDS:Propane; Propene; Heat pump distillation; Extractive distillation; Divided wall; Simulation

OIL AND GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT

Application of Pressure Drop Method in Interwell Interference Well Group

Zhang Xiaobin，Li Wenhong，Fan Wei，Liu Lei (Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company，Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China)

Zhang Xiaobin，Li Wenhong，Fan Wei，Liu Lei (National Engineering Laboratory for Low Permeability Exploration and Development，Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):51-54

ABSTRACT:Accurate calculation of dynamic reserves is important for gas field development. The traditional pressure-drop method only based on the pressure test data has fewer reference points which can cause the calculation results inaccurate. In this paper, the well production data is applied to draw the pressure drop curve. Pressure tracking curve can be used to solve the inaccuracy of the traditional method. In order to eliminate the well interference effect, entire well group is taken as one well to calculate the dynamic reserves by integral pressure-drop method. The conclusion has been approved by the dynamic reserves calculation results of two wells in Shan2 reservoirs, which verifies the validity and reliability of the method.

KEYWORDS:Interwell interference; Dynamic reserves; Pressure drop method; Pressure drop tracking curve

Complex Acidizing Technique for Water-Injecting Wells in Zhenbei Oilfield

Gao Xiang, Jiang Jianfang, Zhao Shan (China University of Petroleum (Beijing). Institute of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Beijing, 102249, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):55-59

ABSTRACT:Zhenbei oilfield has the problems of high injection pressure and serious secondary precipitation. According to the characteristic of complex lithologic strata and previous acidizing performance at Zhenbei oilfield, plug removal analysis were conducted and then proposed a complex acidizing formula aiming at damage removal for layer Chang 3 and Chang 8. To evaluate the character of this complex formula, three groups of experimental were conducted to study on fluids ability to remove damage resulted from water injection and performance of improving cores permeability. These experiments are: displacing fluid→oilfield reinjection water→pre-flush→main fluid→after-pad→displacing fluid. The results showed that both of the oilfield reinjection water and pre-flush can take toll on cores permeability, and the smaller the cores initial permeability is, severer the damage will be. However, pre-flush and main fluid are able to dissolve the solvable mineral particles in cores and react chemically with micro-particulates in water so as to recover and improve permeability of cores highly. Applications from oilfield showed the treatments applied to three test wells removed well-bore damage. The pressure of water injection obviously reduced and the step-down was highly stronger than former treatments. Better acidizing performance were obtained.

KEYWORDS:Water-injecting wells; Secondary precipitation; Complex acidification; Simulation experiment; Field application

Analysis on Drilling Speed-Up and Drill Bit Usage at Block Ya-K

Guo Baolin, Sun Qingchun (Petroleum Engineering College of Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710065, China)

Guo Baolin, Yu Jianke, An Chuan (Xibu Drilling Directional Well Technical Service Company, Urumchi, Xinjiang, 830026, China)

Sun Qingchun (Sinopec North China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. Wupu Drilling Company, Xinxiang, Henan, 437000, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):60-65

ABSTRACT:According to the characteristics of higher formation clination, much interlayer, strong abrasiveness and poor drillability in the cretaceous reservoir，a series of measures had been implemented for drilling speed-up, including deviation control with drilling straight well, hydraulic oscillator test, personalized PDC bit test, assembly selection and optimization of drilling fluid performance, etc to solve technical difficulties restricting drilling speed-up such as oblique of drilling vertical wells, poor stability of tool face and serious "Pressure" in directional drilling and complex downhole accidents, etc. The analysis of field test results proved that drilling speed-up was effective, which accumulated successful experience for optimal and fast drilling in block Ya-K.

KEYWORDS:Drilling speed-up; Personalized PDC; Hydraulic oscillator; Deviation control with drilling straight well

Study on Initial Well Opening Flow Rate of Block Su-54 of Sulige Gas Field

Zhang Lei (Geosciences and Engineering College of Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710065, China)

Wang Zhiheng, Li Jing, Yang Wanxiang, Ye Chao (PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company No.4 Gas Production Plant, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710021, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):66-71

ABSTRACT:The Block Su-54 of Sulige Gas field is approaching the early-late period of development. Reservoir pressure and production rate are increasingly declined, number of intermittent production gas wells and frequent open-shut operation increasingly climb up due to serious water cut，which could leave more potential risks in this block. Consequently, delicacy management has been applied in this block to extend production life circle of the gas wells by modifying the conventional equation for critical liquid carrying flow rate and generated a more rational gas flow rate. More over，a software has been developed to calculate the reasonable open-shut time. This study reduced workingload of gas well management，applied delicacy management to gas wells and enhanced gas recovery.

KEYWORDS:Sulige gas field; Intermittent wells; Delicacy management of gas wells; Critical liquid carrying flow rate; Software development

Research on Environmental Drilling Fluids of Extended Reach Well in Hainan Block

Jue Yuanjiang (CNPC Greatwall Drilling Engineering Company Limited Drilling Fluid Company, Panjin, Liaoning, 124010, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):72-77

ABSTRACT:According to the characteristic of well bore structure of well with large inclination and displacement at Hainan block of Liaohe oilfield, and the complex geological conditions such as fragile stratum, easy blocking as well as strict environmental protection requirements, the performance requirements on drilling fluid were analyzed, which is followed by preparation of environmental-friendly extended reach well drilling fluid formula from laboratory test. At the same time, a complete set of optimized construction process and the environmental protection measures were achieved. The site application of multi-port well showed that the non-toxic drilling fluid can meet the needs of the extended reach well as safe, fast drilling and environmental requirements

KEYWORDS:Extended reach well; Drilling fluid; Formula; Environmental protection

Research on the Salting Out Phase and Factors Affecting Production About Gas Reservoir with High Salinity Stratum Water

Wang Bin (Northeast Sichuan Gas Production Plant of Sinopec Southwest Oil and Gas Branch, Langzhong, Sichuan, 637400, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):78-83

ABSTRACT:For high temperature and high pressure gas reservoirs with high salinity water, factors affecting salting out phase and production were analyzed in this paper. Because the formation water contains electrolytes, the four phase model of gas- condensate oilformation water-solid was established by adopting Pitzer model to characterize solid sodium chloride thermodynamic equilibrium. In the process of production with high salinity formation water, the water content in the gas increases and the density of formation water increases then slightly decreases. The liquid density summit divided the process into “non-salting process” and “salting process”. The salinity of water inhibited the evaporation and accelerated the salting. The lower permeability, higher irreducible water saturation or higher salinity, the amount of salting is greater. Greater gas production or lower well bottom pressure in the production performance analysis, the salting out amount is greater. Salting has a greater impact on single well potential productivity which causes the porosity and reduced permeability. In this paper, solid foundation has been laid for salting-out prediction of HT/HP gas reservoir of high salinity stratum water.

KEYWORDS:High temperature and high pressure gas reservoir; High salinity stratum water; Salting out Phase; Influence factor

CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION

The Installation and Quality Control of Cold Shoe

Ma Zhijie (PetroChina No.6 Gas Construction Company, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China)

Yang Qing (Chongqing Jianfeng Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 408601, China)

Guo Wei (China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau Engineering Co.,Ltd. Tianjin Company, Tianjin, 300457, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):84-88

ABSTRACT:ICHTHYS module belonged to the onshore LNG project. The length of the cryogenic medium pipeline was 7500 m. Pipe cold insulation had most important significance to LNG system in safety and economy. High density polyurethane foam cold shoe product was used to improve pipeline cold process and promote comprehensive performance. Cold shoe was a key support of pipeline in ICHTHYS module. This paper illustrated the cold shoe in the aspects of hoisting, pre-loaded inspection and assembly control according to construction practice. It mainly involved technical management and quality control standards, requirements, specifications and application. The results showed that cold shoe support not only have a guiding role, but also prevent pipeline from icing in a state of cryogenic operation compared with the traditional cold insulation. It guaranteed effective running of LNG pipeline and promote stability and reduce cold loss.

KEYWORDS: Cold shoe; Polyurethane; Secondary installation; Quality control

Application Status and Construction Technology for Heat Shrinkable Tape Field Joint Coating System Based on Polyethylene

Li Junlong, Xu Xing (Shaanxi Yuyang Petroleum Technology Engineering Co., Ltd, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710018, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):89-93

ABSTRACT:In order to improve the quality of in-service pipeline applied 3-layer Polyethylene coating, reduce corrosion of the pipe due to the heat shrinkable tape failure, ensure the integrity of the pipeline coating, it is necessary to understand the structure of heat shrinkable tape belt patch and repairing materials composition and performance and identify the major hazard of heat shrinkable joint construction. Compared with the abroad heat-shrink belt patch technology from the manner of the heating and the heat-shrink belt installation, it is clear that construction process and the dry heat shrinkable band frequency heating equipment combining construction technology has greater advantage compared with the wet film installation and manual flame heating processes, which can effectively prevent and control the failure of joint coating, slow down the pipe corrosion. Finally, the heat shrinkable tape belt patch for construction process and quality inspection were introduced briefly.

KEYWORDS:Heat shrinkable tape; Hot melt adhesive; Medium frequency heating; Dry film installation; Wet film installation

INFORMATIZATION AND INSTRUMENT CONTROL

Analysis and Optimization of Temperature Control for Fire Tube TEG Reboiler

Zhou Mingjun, Lai Xiaobin, Yu Jianlin, Shi Jianhua (China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. Southwest Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):94-98

ABSTRACT:TEG (Triethylene glycol) dehydration is one of the most commonly used techniques for natural gas dehydration. Furthermore, multi-fire-tube heating is used for a reboiler for TEG regeneration. During this regeneration, not only TEG will decompose and deteriorate but also TEG depletion will increase if one regeneration temperature is too high whereas that another temperature is too low may result in an imperfect regeneration or an unqualified gas-water dew-point. So, the heating control is the crux of TEG regeneration. In this paper, the heat-load control is analyzed and then some problems occurring during a heat-controlling process, including flameout caused by temperature overshoot and burner switching, are presented; finally, some measures to optimize heating control are also made for TEG reboiler

KEYWORDS:Reboiler; Heating control; Burner switching control

Difference Analysis on China and American Combustible Gas Detection and Alarm Systems Standards

Cai Liang (China National Aviation Fuel TSN-PEK Pipeline Transportation Corporation, Tianjin, 300300) NGO, 2016, 34(6):99-103

ABSTRACT: Combustible gas detecting alarm system was an important facility for the safety of personnel and equipment in oil and gas station. In allusion to gas detection alarm system design, product parameters, construction and installation, testing and calibration, the domestic standards were relatively imperfect. Taking the newly-issued American standard ISA-60079-29-2（12.13.02）-2012 Explosive Gas Atmosphere – Part 29-2: Gas Detector – Selection, Installation, Using and Maintenance of Inflammable Gas and Oxygen Detector as an example, the paper introduced the advanced experience and recommended practice of American combustible gas detector from product selection, sensor redundancy design, setting position, alarm setting value, operation and maintenance and training. The advancement of ISA-60079-29-2-2012 included double or triplex redundancy design of remote control combustible gas detector, less than 20% LEL for first alarm setting value of combustible gas detector, alternative measures under combustible gas detector failure. Finally, the suggestion of adopting American standards to improve domestic combustible gas detection and alarm system standards was made.

KEYWORDS: Combustible gas detector; Standard; Model selection; Alarm; Operation and maintenance

UTILITY

Application of WiMAX Technology in EMS System

Zhou Xingang, Gao Yang, Chen Fengbo, Chen Jianling, Liu Aiming (Bohai Oil Research Institute, Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd., Tianjin, 300452, China)

Zhang Guorong (Bonan Operation Company, Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd., Tianjin, 300452, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):104-107

ABSTRACT:Certain company under CNOOC has a project named BZ28/34 power grid interlink project. In the project, BZ34-2 EP and BZ34-4 EP were powered by submarine cable which connected to the central platform BZ34-1 CEP, and the existing submarine cable had not enough spare cores to EMS system. In order to put BZ34-2 EP and BZ34-4 EP into the BZ28/34 power system to achieve better stability control, at the same time take cost, construction period ,and installation into choice consideration, we adopt advanced technology and morereliable system--WiMAX wireless microwave communication technology. The application of this technology greatly reduces the cost of the project and provides valuable experience for the later similar projects as well.

KEYWORDS:Wireless communication; WiMAX; EMS; Power grid interlink; Power grid control; Microwave

TECHNICAL ECONOMY

Application of Quota Correction in the Bid for International Petroleum Construction Project

Chen Xinming, Zhou Xiaoqin, Ma Hua, Li Xun, Zhou Fulin, Liu Tao (China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. Southwest Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):108-114

ABSTRACT:There are enormous differences between domestic and international petroleum construction project in engineering characteristics, laws and regulations, and market environments, etc. International petroleum construction projects come with greater risks in a more competitive context than their domestic counterparts, and contractors should be equipped with a higher degree of capability in terms of technology, financing and risk management. The international petroleum construction project’s contract is normally awarded by open tendering, and a competitive price is the crucial factor in the international bid. For pricing the tender, the difference of the expenditures of the domestic and the international petroleum construction projects shall be identified. The revised budget quota price is gotten in accordance with the principle of budget quota, and with targeted revising on the basis of differences. The revised budget quota pricing is a method of estimating the price of the international petroleum construction project, and result is as a reference for bid pricing.

KEYWORDS: International petroleum construction project; Budget quota; Bid pricing; Quota correction

Application of Weight Assigning in Offshore Oil & Gas Engineering Progress Measurement

Song Qingwu, Guo Qing, Liu Rui, Gao Benjin, Shang Baoqiang (Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300451, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):115-119

ABSTRACT:For the characteristics of large scale, complicated process and long construction period of offshore oil & gas engineering project, the establishment of an effective progress measurement system is the key for project progress control. Weight, as a quantitative indicator to measure the importance of activity or process to the whole project, is an important part of progress measurement system, and also the important factor for progress measurement system to truly reflect the actual project progress. To accurately assign the weight for project WBS and work in ocean oil & gas engineering project, the general principle for weight assigning and the method for assigning at each stage were analyzed according to project work breakdown structure by step. A method of offshore engineering in weight assigning has been put forward with project progress, resource investment, workload and owner’s requirements taken into account. The aid of software in schedule planning is also suggested if necessary.

KEYWORDS:Offshore oil & gas engineering; Weight; Progress measurement; Man-hour; Workload

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND SURVEY

The High-Precision Solution of Pipeline Control Network by GAMIT/GLOBK

Xu Guojie, Lü Jishu (China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. Southwest Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China) NGO, 2016, 34(6):120-124

ABSTRACT:This paper aims to discuss the GAMIT / GLOBK-based method for high-precision pipeline engineering control network solution. The process and result of baseline solution, adjustment and precision evaluation are discussed. Base line of 11 long time GPS static observations were processed at the interval of 40～60 km, combined with observation data of 7 IGS reference stations. The loosely constrained algorithm and Kalman filtering were adopted to calculate the accurate coordinates of the 11 points, which were soon afterward used as control points to conduct an adjustment to the entire network. The accuracy analysis results show that the accuracy of Reference points processed by GAMIT/GLOBK can reach millimeter level, and the accuracy of the control network can even be more precise than limit requirements of C class GPS control network. The high-precision solution of pipeline control network by GAMIT/GLOBK can be used as effective technical means in future projects.

KEYWORDS:GAMIT; GLOBK; Precise ephemeris; Pipeline control network; Processing of GPS base line