浅谈城市燃气行业的大数据应用场景

杨 桓

成都城市燃气有限责任公司

浅谈城市燃气行业的大数据应用场景

杨 桓

成都城市燃气有限责任公司

我国已经进入大数据时代。目前，城市燃气行业作为传统行业已面临应对“互联网+”时代全新的竞争局面的挑战。在此时代背景下，城市燃气行业要得到更多更快的发展，需要把企业自身特点和“互联网+”相结合，调整企业的组织运营模式。通过分析大数据技术可能带给燃气行业带来的机遇与挑战，探讨燃气行业基于现有的信息系统和数据资源可能实现的大数据应用场景，进而有效梳理自身已建设的信息系统的关系和存在的数据资源，打通各数据系统间屏障，建立数据共享机制，建立系统集成模式，形成大数据规模，挖掘企业新的业务应用结合点，让企业在“互联网+”的历史潮流中得到更加快速的发展。

城市燃气大数据数据标准化数据集成与共享信息化自动化应用场景

在过去20年里，互联网深刻而快速地改变着我们的世界，人类生活方式的巨大改变以及社会发展的重大突破都和互联网息息相关[1-7]。根据麦肯锡的分析，互联网已经成为重要的生产要素，并且已渗透到了每个行业的业务职能领域。现在，传统行业面临的巨大挑战是如何应对“互联网+”时代全新的竞争局面，如何理解和采用新的技术和思维来进行企业之间的竞争，如何调整自身的组织和运行模式来适应发展和变化。“互联网+”时代的重大变化主要表现在两个方面，一方面是技术选择，如云计算、大数据、物联网和移动互联网技术等大量的新技术被广泛应用，使得各种创新有了低成本和快速实现的可能，另外一方面是新的思维方式、精神和文化被应用到企业运营中。对于传统行业城市燃气来说，如何接收、应用这些新技术和新思维非常具有挑战性，因为会触及企业各个方面的调整。但是，当前城市燃气行业所面对的充满不确定性的市场环境，面临政府监督管控越发严格、能源企业竞争日益激烈以及消费者要求日益严苛等不利情况，思考如何运用云计算、大数据、物联网和移动互联网技术，去引导燃气企业作为传统行业的转型和价值创新势在必行。作为行业的信息化建设，往往会显得高大空、炒概念，如何把信息化项目立项和实施，做好信息系统的研发和运维，体现数据库中的数据的价值，把“云大物移”新技术落实到自身企业的实际信息化项目中，重要的结合点就是业务应用场景。作为终端客户市场，在互联网时代，如何去直观的描述业务系统，描述信息技术给用户带来的变化，描述一种思维方式，描述一种技术表现，有效地沟通更加重要，应用场景是对需求分析的直观描述，把业务人员和信息人员结合在一起，共同提出直观的建设需求和实施愿景，避免由于信息技术人员对实际业务的不了解，业务人员对信息技术的不理解造成的盲区。

1 大数据在城市燃气行业中的价值

城市燃气企业用户几乎覆盖全部城市家庭，对燃气企业来说稀松平常的信息，即城市燃气企业所拥有庞大的用户数据资源，对于其他企业来说是宝贵的紧缺资源。腾讯与阿里巴巴通过嘀嘀打车和快的打车对出租车司机和用户进行了数十亿元的补贴[1,3,8]，目的就是需要通过出租车业务占领移动支付市场。设想如果燃气企业与诸如阿里、腾讯等电商网络公司开展支付合作，使得互联网企业获取大量的O2O（Online-to-Offline，线上到线下）入口数据，把燃气企业所拥有的高覆盖率的用户数据有偿的转换成合理合规又高度利用的用户资源，既给燃气企业增加收入渠道，又使得燃气企业在燃气费用支付模式和用户体验上面进行了创新。而更多的创新应该去挖掘企业内部的自身资源，通过结合互联网技术等外部综合资源，发挥社交媒体和移动支付等互联网技术产物的优势，有可能引导能源产品的消费化趋势和燃气行业企业运营模式的转型和变革。根据埃森哲的相关报告，公共事业企业未来40%至60%的核心“计量到收款”流程都需要重新进行设计。可以设想诸如家居智能技术和消费者辅助型方案与服务也有可能是燃气业务“互联网+”时代的发展方向之一。未来燃气行业的大数据应用，除了带来企业效益，更重要的还有可能可以回馈社会，促进社会发展。

事实上，近年来国内外已经有了智能燃气网的概念，国外文献表述为“smartgas grid”或“intelligentgas grid”。根据目前的研究，智能燃气网建设是在原有燃气网基础设施和信息化系统的基础上，进行资源整合、系统集成、数据挖掘，发挥跨板块、跨业务、跨部门综合应用的优势，使上游燃气开发、中游燃气输配和储存及下游燃气用户紧密结合在一起，形成一个燃气数据实时传递、资源互动、信息共享、智能响应、服务大众的整体，即共享资源与政府以提升其监管的能力、同时又积极改进用户服务体验；企业用服务换取利润，降低成本和减少事故，持续提升安全保障能力，从而达到多赢局面。智能燃气网通常基于充分建立和利用燃气管网的优势和潜力，使管网综合效率最大化。

目前，已有部分城市燃气企业开始探索创新业务模式，如上海燃气要成为“综合能源服务商”；北京燃气提出建设“世界一流的一体化清洁能源运营商”[1-2,9]；港华燃气“以经营燃气业务为本，致力发展成为亚洲首屈一指的清洁能源供应商及优质服务商”等等。总体来看，这些企业依然是以“卖气”为主，业务模式较为单一，没有有效利用管网和用户资源拓展新的增值空间。但是，也有一些燃气企业开拓思维，发掘互联网优势，如新奥燃气提出的“成为互联网能源平台运营商”，将企业的发展期望锁定在通过持续开发用户多样性用能需求，提供清洁能源整体解决方案。经营理念已明确不仅仅基于城市燃气传统的、单一的“卖气”业务，而是从立足传统业务，主打交通清洁能源业务这个环保节能的新概念，结合互联网，打造能源平台化的运营思路，一方面占领国内外城市燃气市场，另外一方面将信息网、能源网以及物流网高度融合的泛能技术用于基于互联网的能源运营平台持续拓展业务领域，不断开拓新的业务，形成一个产业链到供应链的良性循环，其业务范围也从单一的城市燃气拓展到交通能源、分布式能源、能源贸易等领域。这种转型和创新运营理念并举，是燃气行业未来的最佳实践体现。但这只是智能燃气网的实践思路之一，而其根源在于数据的累积和数据的应用，数据需求、业务应用场景才是实施的关键。所谓基于互联网的能源运营平台是一系列信息系统组成的，一体化的全产业链的综合平台，每一个部分都需要业务和信息技术的充分结合，明确需求，统一数据标准和服务流程，设计出适应的应用场景，从而研发出可持续发展的平台化系统投入运营。在较多的大数据应用领域，最常见的问题就是不能确定实际应用需求而导致无从下手，要完成可行的大数据应用要遵守“大数据，小场景”原则，即大量的数据累积。但是，必须针对具体的单一的业务应用场景，才能有效建立大数据分析模型，提供大数据分析结论和应用功能。

2 城市燃气企业存在的问题

事实上，除开对大数据技术的缺乏深入研究和成功案例之外，燃气企业自身的信息化基础也是比较薄弱的，体现在以下几个方面：

2.1 缺乏统一的服务流程和数据标准

燃气企业的基础设施、硬件设备到信息系统，都是不同时期、按不同标准建设的，相互之间兼容性较差，数据隔离。大数据应用是建立在将燃气的生产、运输、储存、交易和联合利用成为“生态环境”的基础上的。因此数据平台的建设标准和规范是首先需要解决的问题；其次，燃气内部服务流程不统一，不规范，没有形成有效的在线运行机制，作为大数据应用生态环境内的数据共享和跨板块应用的基础前提是对内统一规范标准，对外提供规范服务，从管网的设计、实施铺设到巡检维护操作、到终端用户设备安装和收计费服务，都需要在企业内部各单位各部门推行统一的操作流程、规范的数据标准，才能确保数据的可靠性和可用性以及各类信息系统之间的跨平台融合。

2.2 企业内部信息系统彼此割裂，业务数据有待融合

以燃气输配管网运维管理相关系统为例。输配管网运维通常会涉及企业的信息化系统和自动化系统，目前这两部分系统中的数据普遍是相互割裂的，作为资产化管理的设备所产生的数据量往往远超过企业通用信息系统所产生数据量，如SCADA系统（Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition，即数据采集与监视控制系统）的各类数据，这些数据的累积正逐步产生真正意义上的大数据，即数据量大、种类多、价值密度相对较低，但是信息化建设往往立足在各项业务自身的管理系统，而忽略了与SCADA系统和数据的集成，忽略了可能的关联性和融合性，建设和运行的信息系统都是各自为阵。

2.3 缺乏统一的客户信息平台

当前流行的大数据分析的应用场景，最常见的就是需要各种用户基础信息数据去发掘用户的行为模式以进行分析和决策，但目前燃气行业的客户信息平台收集信息有限，数据质量不高，如燃气器具信息、住宅位置、消费情况等都不完整，数据可靠性也不高，更不用说类似用户网络足迹、偏好等行为数据的扩展需求，基本没有进行梳理和定位，无法为用户的行为分析提供有效基础信息数据累计。

3 燃气行业大数据应用场景

通过有效利用输配气官网SCADA系统数据和已经建设完成的企业资源计划系统（ERP）、用户关系管理系统（CRM）、地理信息系统（GIS）等信息系统，利用云计算和大数据分析技术打通系统之间的屏障，实现数据共享和业务系统集成的实行，为燃气行业提供智能化应用新模式。按照时间和空间或者其他典型属性的不同维度分析，找准与业务领域的应用结合点，体现业务发展趋势或者数据关联效果，探索可以实施的燃气行业大数据应用场景，从中发掘可以给业务带来的创新模式和新竞争力。通常大数据应用场景包括几个要素：①持续可靠的数据来源；②足够的数据累积，最好是基于时间或空间这种带有明显分析意义的属性；③与业务相结合的具体功能点。

3.1 输配管网设备预防和预测性维护应用场景

充分利用燃气输配管网通用的SCADA系统所收集的远程终端装置（RTU）数据，包括监测管道的流量、温度、压力、开关阀门、起停泵等数据；利用GIS技术、大数据分析技术，配合企业管理信息系统如ERP、用户关系管理系统CRM等系统的数据，将企业资源信息、个人用户基本信息、用户用气行为数据，再到用户的缴费、信用数据等海量数据，按照时间和空间进行数据分析，可以得出城市燃气输配管网的气量分布趋势，峰值发生的区域，通过建模、分析，总结规律，找到相关性，从而对输配管网设备损害程度进行预测、预防及预测性检修维护，最大化提高设备的使用率。这是一个基本的SCADA系统数据的大数据应用场景。

进一步拓展，获取气候气象数据可以结合分析管网腐蚀与气候变化的关系，可以增加气候变化的预防措施和调整检维修计划；或者分析出输气峰值的趋势，有效指导输配气和合理部署；该类的应用场景比基础的气量分布趋势复杂，需要的关联数据更多，但是为企业决策者提供的建议将更加的多方面、多维度，更加客观。

输配管网设备预防性和预测性维护应用场景的目的是在管网运维管理中增强事前的预测预警，以及累积事后处理的经验，提升管网运维管理的技术水平和强化事前的风险控制，提升经营管理成本预算控制与实施风险控制管理，同时也有效体现出两化融合的具体落脚点，该类的大数据应用场景的设计具有实际意义，也是目前数据累积比较充分的业务点，但是其中的关键点在于数据标准的统一和系统之间的集成，尤其是自动化系统和信息化系统的数据共享集成问题。

3.2 监控用气状态合理调度输配气供应应用场景

有效通过物联网技术，部署终端设备，获取用户基本信息、设备设施布点统计、远程操作控制信息、用户用气状态信息等，利用终端设备采集的数据，按照用户的区域分布、计费标准变化、季节用户高峰变化、企业用户和家庭用气的统计等进行数据挖掘和分析，得出用气量的变化规律，找出用气峰值，精准量化评估输配气能力、管线压力、检修频率和时间等等，为输配气调度提供决策依据。

该业务应用场景重点是终端设备的物流网技术集成，获取相应数据，一旦形成这种终端的部署和数据采集模式，通过远程监控终端设备用户状态将有效提升计量、计费的准确性，方便付费统计，能减少人力，降低运行成本。其难度在于物流网终端设备的部署，以及支撑物流网设备的后端配套技术。

3.3 燃气器具安全检测和故障预警应用场景

安全管理是城市燃气企业的生命线，尤其是城市燃气逐步全面使用天然气以后，因天然气易燃易爆的特点，燃气安全管理成为重要的公共安全问题之一，用户燃气器具的运行状况对燃气安全至关重要。在监控终端设备用户状态的应用场景中，如果没有部署物流网终端设备，可以通过对用户相关数据的实体采集和分析，即在每次设备安装、维修、抄表、安检服务时，采集数据，将用户的燃气器具品牌、年限、工况等基本情况纳入管理，经过一段时间实体数据采集累计后，在客户信息平台中完善用户燃气器具基础数据，通过对用户的缴费、报修等历史记录分析，了解到用户用气情况的行为数据，扩展到家家户户，通过对区域用户和分类用户的行为数据分析，可以针对使用不安全、临近或超过报废期的燃气器具的燃气用户进行安全提示，提醒用气安全，敦促及时更换燃气器具。这种针对性的定向安全检测和故障排查，可以形成有效的故障预警，大大提升针对老旧小区或者不具备网络条件地区的燃气器具的安全检测和故障预警，确保安全用气。

该类应用场景有大量的用户数据采集工作，数据累计的大小，范围的广泛程度都直接影响分析效果，即数据量大小、样本充分程度是有效安全检测和故障预警准确度的基础。

3.4 燃气器具销售应用场景

从上述的应用场景进一步拓展，将用户燃气器具运行状态数据结合燃气器具营销系统数据，按照地域和区域的数据进行统计分析，分类判断对燃气安装和器具购置的需求，可分析出用户对燃气器具的市场需求。

或者拓展新的针对性营销策略，如从其居住环境（如小区定位，居民家属楼、商业楼盘、高档公寓、别墅等）开展针对性的营销和服务，如提供燃气配套安装和燃气器具销售服务等；也可以根据不同类型的用气设备，如地暖、壁挂炉等，甄别用户的支付能力和服务需求，针对性的提出个性化服务项目，如提供家庭燃气服务解决方案，包括高频的安检、定期设备维修保养、预约专人上门检修等；甚至与银行合作等，推出办理银行卡可享受燃气特别服务等。这一系列业务应用场景可以根据不同的销售市场和应用需求而派生。

4 结论

1）当前燃气行业大数据应用尚在起步阶段，数据的分析与挖掘还未有效开展，其原因主要是企业自身对大数据技术认知的限制，以及燃气行业自身信息化建设思路的局限，但是可以明确的是以“云大物移”为主导的信息技术手段将引导一个智能燃气网的未来发展趋势。

2）燃气行业企业应从现在起有效梳理自身已建设的信息系统的关系和存在的数据资源的情况，打通系统间屏障，建立数据共享机制，建立系统集成模式，形成大数据规模，找到与业务的实际结合点，通过大数据小场景切入应用功能，完善现有系统，通过新增数据分析功能和数据逐步累积，产生蝴蝶效应，引导燃气行业的智能化发展。

[1]张卫华.大数据时代的城市燃气企业业务模式创新[J].能源，2014（5）:88-91.

[2]乐华斌,戴文坤,梁莹,郑晓玲,王佳龙.大数据时代大学生网络行动逻辑探微-以新媒体用户黏性为视角[J].文教资料,2015（32）:119-120

[3]姚满宏.卫生人力资源管理大数据运用研究[J].人人健康, 2016（12）:252-253.

[4]罗勇.大数据“领跑”信息高速路[J].城市管理与科技, 2015,17（6）:30-33.

[5]王庆纲,陆惠丰.基于大数据技术的综合交通信息平台框架研究[J].中国交通信息化,2016（1）:73-76.

[6]汤俊,王妍,车奕蓉.大数据技术在反洗钱工作中的应用前景[J].海南金融,2016（2）:28-30.

[7]姜俊锋,丁香乾,侯瑞春,曲丽君.基于CitespaceⅢ的大数据研究的可视化分析[J].计算机与数字工程,2016,44（2）: 291-295.

[8]徐斌,王晓冬,林丽.大数据管理-企业转型升级与竞争力重塑之道[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2016.

[9]新奥能源控股有限公司[J].中国战略新兴产业,2016（14）: 92.

（修改回稿日期 2016-11-15 编辑 陈古明）

《天然气勘探与开发》征稿简则

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《天然气勘探与开发》编辑部

ABSTRACT:China has entered the Age of Big Data.At present,the traditional city gas industry is facing new challenges and competition from the Age of“Internet+”.So,in order to develop faster and better,city gas industry should combine its enterprise characteristics with the“Internet+”,and adjust the organization and operation mode.Through analyzing the opportunities and challenges the big-data technology may bring about,we investigate the application scenarios of big data which are possible to be realized on the basis of the currently available information systems and data resources;and then,effectively tease out the relationship among established information systems and existing data resources;break through barriers between data systems;establish data-sharing mechanism and system integration mode to form big-data scale;and search for the new joint point of business application for rapid development of the industry in the historical trend of“Internet+”.

KEY WORDS:city gas,big data,data standardization,data integration and sharing,intelligence,application scenario

翻译 何颋婷 刘 婕

审校 何颋婷

编辑 王晓清

S AND KEY WORDSMain Factors Influencing High Yield of High-Rank CBM in Chengzhuang Block,Southern Qinshui BasinYANG Kebing,WANG Haichao,WANG Jun,CHEN Huina and FU Kang
（Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.1-4，12/25/2016

In China,most coal-accumulating basins went through complex evolution history and some structures formed in the late period were severely damaged.And lots of high-rank coal reservoirs also underwent multiple-stage tectonic evolution and obvious metamorphism,resulting in strong heterogeneity,and low yield of coalbed methane（CBM）or difficulty in its exploitation.Even though previous research focused on the analysis on such factors as structure,deposition,and hydrodynamics,many problems including low proven rate and low utilization rate of production capacity have not been solved very effectively.So,according to some dynamic and static data from high-productivity wells in Chengzhuang block,Southern Qinshui Basin,combining with development characteristics of surrounding blocks,we analyzed common features of these kinds of wells.Results show that(1)the main factors influencing high yield are developed microfractures and high permeability in coal reservoirs;(2)another important factor is rich free gas in these reservoirs;and(3)there are other factors including reservoir thickness,gas content,tectonic movement,and hydrodynamics.Our study also demonstrates that CBM in Chengzhuang block is controlled by sedimentation,and plugging condition during hydrocarbon discharge is the key factor influencing high productivity.Good plugging condition is conducive to improving petrophysical property and generating more free gas,which can provide material foundation for high yield.This viewpoint presented gives geologic evidence for optimizing high-yield blocks,and is significant for evaluating sweetspot of tight reservoirs.

Southern Qinshui Basin,high-rank CBM,high-productivity well,main influencing factor,duration of hydrocarbon discharge,plugging condition

Evaluation on Clossification of Microscopoic Heterogeneity in Carbonate Reservoirs:Examples from Feixianguan Formation in Puguang Gasfield

ZHANG Jixi1,CHEN Cen2and CHENG Qun3

（1.Exploration and Development Research In-stitute,Sinopec Zhongyuan Oilfield Company;2.Chongqing University of Science&Technology; 3.No.3 Production Plant,PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.5-7，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Taking the carbonate reservoirs of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Puguang gasfield as examples,we collected all parameters which may characterize reservoir heterogeneity at first.And then we optimized six parameters among them by means of factor analysis method,including porosity,permeability,displacement pressure,relative sorting coefficient, skewness coefficient,and average throat radius.Thirdly,we implemented a clustering classification for some samples which are representative of optimized parameters to divide these carbonate reservoirs of Feixianguan Formation into four kinds with strongest heterogeneity,stronger heterogeneity,medium heterogeneity,and poor heterogeneity,individually;in which 54 percent of samples represents as the reservoirs with medium heterogeneity.At last,we developed microscopic heterogeneity through discriminating analysis to identifying functions and obtained quantitative results.The obtained results are coincident to ones from clustering analysis.This classification method can provide reference for evaluating carbonate reservoirs.

KEY WORDS:Puguang gasfield,carbonate rock,microscopic heterogeneity,characterization parameter,factor analysis,clustering analysis,classification evaluation

Methods to Identify Formation Boundary Based on Logging-While-Drilling

TANG Haiquan,XIAO Hongbing,LI Cui and YANG Zhen
（Drilling Technology Research Institute,Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Service Corporation）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.8-12，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Logging-while-drilling data,especially logging-while-drilling azimuth data, which plays an important role in geosteering drilling,can be used to predict and judge formation boundary and azimuth,and strike of anistropic formation.In this paper,the basic structure and principle of three instruments are presented,containing logging-while-drilling electromagneticwave resistivity,logging-while-drilling azimuth detecting electromagnetic-wave resistivity,and logging-while-drilling azimuth gammy-ray.Furthermore,both influencing factors and boundary effect while these instruments pass through formation boundary are analyzed,and methods are developed to identify formation boundary by using response features of both electromagnetic-wave resistivity and azimuth gammy-ray curves.In addition,the application of logging-while-drilling electromagnetic-wave resistivity and gammy-ray imaging instruments to identifying formationboundary is also demonstrated.Results show that these two instruments detecting formation boundary can optimize the location of wellbore trajectory,decrease the risk of penetrating oil layers,and increase the drilling rate.

KEY WORDS:logging-while-drilling,logging instrument,electromagnetic-wave resistivity, azimuth gammy-ray,reservoir,boundary identification,geosteering

Application of 90°Phase-Shifting Technology to Reservoir Prediction of Maokou Formation,W Area,Eastern Sichuan Basin

XU Jiao,LUO Jing,ZHANG Liming and GONG Li
（Geophysical Prospecting Company,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.13-17，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:In W area,eastern Sichuan Basin,more or less gas shows appeared from the Permian Maokou Formation.This formation also got higher productivity from oil test.Previous study suggests that it belongs to a fractured reservoir;however no detailed research has been implemented for the dolomites among this reservoir.Based on drilling data,the characteristics of P1m2a,the dolomite reservoir,were summarized.Furthermore,according to 3D seismic data acquired from W area,a phase shifting with different degree was attempted by means of 90°phaseshifting technology,which offers advantages on thin-layer and lithological interpretation.This shifting makes the event of seismic reflection correspond with strata,and increases an accuracy of reservoir prediction a lot.In addition,the effect of phase shifting with different degree on reservoir prediction was discussed,the difference between this technology and trace integration was analyzed.It is deemed that the 90°phase-shifting technology is suitable for interpretation of thin layers in eastern Sichuan Basin.

KEY WORDS:90°phase-shifting technology,early Permian,eastern Sichuan Basin,marine strata,thin layer,trace integration,3D seismic,reservoir prediction

Experimental Study on Producing Profile Logging for Horizontal Wells,Fuling Shale-Gas Field

QIN Yuqiao1,SHI Wenrui1,SHI Yuanhui2,ZHANG Zhihua2and GE Hua2
（1.School of Geophysics and Oil Resources，Yangtze University；2.Logging Company,Sinopec Oilfield Service Jianghan Corporation）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.18-22，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:In Fuling gasfield,Sichuan Basin,most horizontal wells are featured by long horizontal interval and high gas production.In order to make clear the dynamical gas-producing capacity of every fractured interval,recognize the flowback pattern,determine the optimal production system,and finally realize the exploitation with low cost and high efficiency,we implemented some experiments on continuous producing profile logging and data interpretation for 25 key wells via fluid scanning imaging（FSI）logging instrument and by using drags or delivery of both optimal fiber and coiled tubing.Results show that(1)the drags or optimal fiber and coiled tubing can deliver the logging instrument to bottomhole safely and efficiently which meets the demand of logging operation;(2)for the same or similar intervals in a shale-gas well,there is a big difference of gas-producing capacity among various fractured intervals;(3)in C well,a shale-gas well,there is no flowback for fracturing fluid remaining in the strata under one production system of 20×104m3/ d whereas obviously increasing flowback further to affect a normal production under another system of 30×104m3/d.So,our study can give guidance for formulating the production system.

KEY WORDS:shale gas,horizontal well,producing profile logging,multiphase flow,delivery of both optimal fiber and coiled tubing,downhole tractor,FSI logging instrument

A Method to Evaluate Favorable Target Areas of Permian,Shenmu Gasfield,Ordos Basin

FU Xiaoyan1,2,WANG Dongxu1,2,WANG Shaofei1,2,XIA Yonghui3and JIAO Tingkui1,2

(1.Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company;2.National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil&Gasfield,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company;3.Gasfield Development Department,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp. 23-25，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:There are multiple gas-bearing layers in the Permian of Shenmu gasfield,Ordos Basin.The main ones include Taiyuan Formation,Shanxi Formation,and Shihezi 8 Member.After some drilling,it is found that there are nine effective reservoirs in average,and their average thickness of 36.1 m,average porosity and permeability of 6.4%and 0.38 mD,respectively.This gasfield belongs to a typical tight lithological gas reservoir with multiple gas-bearing layers,and low porosity and permeability.To solve some difficulties in its development,a comprehensive index method to evaluate favorable target areas available for this gasfield was developed.At first, more geological parameters relative to single-layer productivity are thoroughly selected to imple-ment a match one by one,and to further analyze their weight,gain a calculation formula of singerlayer productivity index,and develop an evaluation standard for singer-layer favorable target areas.Secondly,based on gas-producing profile test,the contribution weight of productivity in different layers can be made clear,and integrated with the evaluation result on single layer,the multiple-layer productivity index may be calculate.Finally,combined to economic evaluation,the economic development boundary of comprehensive index can be determined,and the favorable target areas can be optimized.This method not only guides a high-effective and scale development for Shenmu gasfield but also gives a reference for similar gas reservoirs.

KEY WORDS:Shenmu gasfield,multiple gas-bearing layers,productivity index,weight coefficient,economic limit production,favorable target area

Dual-Phase Inflow Performance in Fractured Wells of Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

SONG Li1,TAN Yong2,CUI Yongxing3,WANG Minghua4and WANG Ping4

(1.Drilling& Production Technology Research Institute,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited;2.Drilling Fluid Technology Service Company,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited;3.Tazhong Explorationand Development Management Department,PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company;4.Chuanxi Drilling Company,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.26-30，12/ 25/2016

ABSTRACT:In tight sandstone gas reservoirs,water may easily be produced from fractured wells due to fracture effect.So,it’s important to accurately predict the effect of inflow performance on rational proration.According to percolation features of gas-water co-producing fractured wells, percolation field can be divided into two parts of both formation and fracture.Furthermore,based on the theory of non-Darcy steady flow along with the concept of disturbance ellipse and equivalent rectangular,we developed the gas-water dual-phase pseudo pressure function taking threshold pressure gradient and stress sensitivity into consideration,deduced a deliverability equation, and finally carried out a calculation for this equation by Newton-Raphson simulation.Results show that there is just a little error between the calculated openflow potential and actually measured one.Therefore,this equation has good practicability.

KEY WORDS:tight sandstone gas reservoir,fractured well,water-producing well,inflow performance,threshold pressure gradient,stress sensitivity

Pressure Change Laws During Percolation of CBM,Qinduan Block,Qinshui Basin

ZHANG Tao and WANG Longjun

（Jinbian Oil Production Plant,Yanchang Oil Field Co., Ltd.）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.31-35，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:For coalbed methane(CBM),previous study often focused on the adsorption characteristics and desorption mechanism,and ignored the percolation mechanism during its drainage and recovery.So,we explored percolation mechanism of CBM,developed a basic differential equation mode of non-steady flow for elastic porous medium single-phase compressible gas, derived mathematical models of both constant pressure boundary and impermeable boundary,and finally obtained pressure distribution laws during percolation.In addition,for the No.3 CBM of Lower Permian Shanxi Formation and the No.15 CBM of Upper Carboniferous in Qinduan block, Qinshui Basin,their permeability-pressure laws were determined.Furthermore,through modification of constant pressure boundary and impermeable boundary pressure distribution formula,the elastic non-steady percoloation laws suitable for CBM in this block were gained,which could provide reliable theoretical foundation for unstable well testing,be used to define CBM parameters or formation pressure,and give important data for the design and performance analysis of CBM development.

KEY WORDS:Qinduan block,CBM,percolation mechanism,basic differential equation of gas seepage,pressure distribution laws,bounded confining stratum,circular constant-pressure outer boundary

Application of Deconvolution Well Testing Interpretation to Low-Permeability Gas Reservoirs

DENG Hui1,ZENG Lingzhuo2,XU Wei1,YANG Liu1,LI Mingqiu1and YAO Hongyu1(1.Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company; 2.Development Department,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.36-39，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Due to short shut-in time in development of low-permeability gas reservoirs, most acquired data is hard to reflect the reservoir characteristics and boundary condition.So,a method of deconvolution well testing interpretation is proposed.In this paper,the basic principle and application scope of this method are illustrated,and its application to low-permeability gas reservoirs is also analyzed.Results show that it can successfully solve some problems such as short shut-in time,limited testing data,difficulty in obtaining accurate reservoir parameters,especiallyan obvious effect in precisely identifying boundary or calculating well-controlled reserves.

KEY WORDS:low-permeability gas reservoir,short shut-in time,limitation,deconvolution, well testing,closed boundary

Optimizing Production System of Plunger Gas Lift for Water-Producing Wells

DANG Xiaofeng,Lv Yuhai,CHEN Hu and LIU Yang

（No.1 Gas Production Plant,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.40-43，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Plunger gas lift is one technology which can raise lift efficiency by using the solid interface formed through a plunger between gas and liquid in pipeline to reduce gas channeling and liquid falling back.A rational production system determines directly the drainage effect of plunger gas lift.Three common methods such as system,time and pressure optimization ones are used in fields to optimize production system.However,the first method has the problem of time consuming;and the others have disadvantages of complicated calculation,large error,and low efficiency,because they demand the technology of gathering and transportation,and the comprehensive analysis and calculation of casing pressure,liquid-loading height,shut-in time,and plunger upward speed for fine adjustment.Based on reasonably dividing the operational stages of plunger, analyzing and optimizing the operation parameters,we summarize an optimization method for loading-factor calculation in every stage of production system of plunger gas lift.And good results of field application have been achieved.

KEY WORDS:water-producing well,plunger gas lift,production system,stage analysis,loading factor,system optimization

Countermeasures Against Production Management of Horizontal Wells in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

JIN Daquan,YANG Zhilun,ZHANG Chunyu,CHEN Qiwen and ZHANG Chun
(No.4 Gas Production Plant,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION& DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.44-47，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:As the key reservoirs in Sulige gasfield,the Permian Shihezi 8 Member and Shanxi 1 Member belong to tight sandstone gas reservoirs.Presently,horizontal wells are the major method of development and the main production ones.However,these kinds of wells have some problems such as rapid decline in pressure and output,wellbore liquid loading at low-yield stages,and management difficulties.So,based on the research of the pressure,output and liquid-loading law of horizontal wells,some countermeasures of“reasonable control of pressure drop,low production allocation,and long-term stable yield”are made,and the parameter configuration of downhole throttler,drainage gas recovery technology and intermittence system are optimized.With these measures,the pressure drop and sand production can be effectively controlled;moreover,the continuous and stable production time should be extended.As a result,the coincidence rate of production allocation of throttler is improved by 17%.At the same time of reducing the intermittent switching frequency,and the dosage and injection frequency of foaming agent for horizontal wells with liquid loading,the wellbore liquid loading can be discharged,and the well-opening period is also prolonged,resulting in significant improvement of production efficiency.

KEY WORDS:Sulige gasfield,tight sandstone gas reservoir,horizontal well,low pressure low production,wellbore liquid loading,production management,technical countermeasure

Progress in Drainage Gas Recovery Technologies and Management Countermeasures for Sulige Gasfield

ZHANG Chun,JIN Daquan,LI Shuanghui and ZHANG Jinbo
(No.4 Gas Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT. v.39 no.4,pp.48-52，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Sulige gasfield is a typical one characterized by low yield,low pressure,and low abundance.The production rate and pressure decreased rapidly with deficient capability of fluid carrying in some wells after putting into production.Along with the continued development,many liquid-loading gas wells increased yearly and up to 60%of the total numbers of wells.A contradiction between productivity ensuring and liquid-loading problem solving is getting more and more serious.In this study,drainage gas recovery technologies were applied to 6 blocks including Su 6 and Su 36-11 in central Sulige gasfield.Some technologies including foam drainage,velocity string,plunger gas lift,and restoring production by gas lift were analyzed in terms of their progress,applicability,implementation effect,and process evaluation.As the result,the drainage gas recovery technologies suitable for different production phases were determined,and their workflows established.The accumulative increases in gas production over the years exceeded 7×108m3.Formed by application evaluation,the serial technologies of drainage gas recovery for low-pressure and low-yield wells can provide guidance for the development and management of water-producing gas wells in Sulige gasfield.

KEY WORDS:Sulige gasfield,drainage gas recovery,foam drainage,velocity string,plunger gas lift,restoring production by gas lift,applicability analysis

Evaluation of Fracturing-Fluid Damage for Permeability in Coal Seam,Liulin Area,Ordos Basin

GAO Xiang
（No.7 Oil Production Plant,PetroChina Daqing Oilfield）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp53-56.，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Fracturing stimulation is one of the key tools for CBM development.In Liulin area, Ordos Basin,most coal seams are characterized by low reservoir pressure,permeability,porosity, and gas saturation,and strong adsorbability.By using short-core(temporary plugging)acidizing flow meter,some evaluation on the core permeability damage of coal rocks caused by fracturing fluid with active water,linear gel,gel,and clean fracturing fluid was carried out.Result shows that the active water has the minimum level of damage which is 9.82%to the core permeability;meanwhile,the damage level of the clean fracturing fluid is 43.49%,81%for the gel and gel breaking fracturing fluid,and 89.3%for the linear gel one,individually.Therefore,their damage levels to coal bed are,in order,active water＜clean fracturing fluid＜gel and gel breaking fluid＜leaner gel.The selected active-water fracturing fluid was applied to 10 wells,resulting in the maximum sand ratio no more than 30%,and the average sand ratio of 15%in single well.That means its sand-carrying capacity can meet the requirement of fracturing operation.The success rate is approximately 100%.

KEY WORDS:CBM,permeability,fracturingfluid,activewater,damageevaluation,application

Application of Self-Diverting Acid System to Zhao 51 Block,Sulige Gasfield

CHEN Ruoming1,WANG Sukai1,ZHENG Kexiang1,YIN Fuliang2and RAN Zhaohui3
(1.Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute,CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited;2.Engineering Technology Company,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company;3.Sulige Gasfield Project Management Team,CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.56-58，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:In Zhao 51 block,Sulige gasfield,the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician Majiagou Formation is one with complicated lithologies dominated by carbonates interbedded with evaporites.It is a typical“three-low”reservoir of low porosity,low permeability,and low pressure.Conventional acid system has the problems of overquick etching reaction,short operating range of fractureacidizing,and uneven improvement of high-and low-permeability reservoir,resulting in inefficient acid fracturing.So,a new system of surfactant self-diverting acid is developed.At 90℃,the viscosity of residual acid of this system is over 150 mPa·s;gel breaking occurs automatically when acid encounters oil and gas in formation;and the viscosity of flowback fluid is less than 5 mPa·s. The acid system was applied to a well in Zhao 51 block showing evident diverting effect.The gas testing production reached 6×104m3/d,which increased 2 times compared with adjacent well just adopting conventional acid fracturing.That is the highest record of acid fracturing production of single well in this block.

KEY WORDS:Sulige gasfield,Zhao 51 block,carbonate rock,acid fracturing,self-diverting acid,application

Staged Fracturing Using Cementing Sliding Sleeve for Horizontal Wells in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

SHEN Beibei
（Engineering and Technology Research Institute,Sinopec North China Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.59-63，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Daniudi gasfield of Ordos Basin is a typical tight sandstone gas reservoir with low porosity and permeability.Horizontal well with staged fracturing is the key technology for economical and efficient development.In order to solve the problems of uncontrollable fracture starting position and the secondary fracturing difficulties during open-hole packer staged fracturing, we analyzed the applicability of cementing sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology.This study describes the operation principle,tool sets,and characteristics.Moreover,we carried out field application and after-fracturing analysis.Results show that the technology not only can realize fixed-point fracturing,but also has high efficiency with fracturing completed for 10 intervals in one day.Furthermore,adopting annular fracturing,it has advantages of low friction of operation, good performance of tools,and high success ratio of fracturing.It is worth to be popularized to Daniudi gasfield or other tight reservoirs.

KEY WORDS:Daniudi gasfield,tight sandstone reservoir,horizontal well,cementing sliding sleeve,coiled tubing,staged fracturing

Application of KCl Polysulfonate Drilling-Fluid System to Horizontal Wells,Yanchang Gasfield

ZHANG Yongli1,2,WU Gaoxiang2,WANG Yandong2,ZHANG Fei2and WU Beibei2

(1. Xi’an Shiyou University;2.Oil and Gas Exploitation Company,Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum（Group）Co.,Ltd.）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.64-67，12/25/2016

ABSTRACT:Most gas reservoirs in Ordos Basin are mainly sandstone ones with low porosity and permeability.Horizontal-well technology is usually adopted to enlarge drainage area,explore full potential of reservoir,increase single-well production,and further improve development benefits.Horizontal-well drilling for Yanchang gasfield began in 2011.But,many complicated accidents such as lost circulation and borehole collapse often occurred.Along with the long period and high cost of drilling,the development benefits were not obvious.According to the analysis on geology,engineering condition,and drilling-fluid technical difficulties,aiming at the problems of borehole instability and lost circulation,we compared the inhibition and plugging property of polysulfonate drilling fluid with those of KCl polysulfonate drilling fluid.Results show that the latter possesses the better inhibition and plugging property.Field application to two wells also indicates that the KCl polysulfonate drilling-fluid system has the advantages of prevention of collapse and lost circulation.This system may shorten drilling period,avoid complicated accidents, and bring about obvious economical benefits.

KEY WORDS:Yanchang gasfield,formation,easy collapse and lost circulation,KCl polysulfonate drilling-fluid system,borehole stability,lost circulation prevention,plugging

Elastic-Plastic Cement Slurry System for Tight Sandstone Reservoirs and Its Application to E’nan Oilfield

YANG Dazu and LIU Yongsheng
（Engineering and Technology Research Institute,Sinopec North China Company）.NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.68-71，12/25/ 2016

ABSTRACT:Most reservoirs in E'nan oilfield belong to tight sandstone ones with low porosity and permeability.Horizontal-well casing cementation and completion along with large-scale fracturing are generally adopted to realize their effective development.In order to improve the capability of cement sheath bearing an impact force from large-scale fracturing and maintain the integrity of cement sheath,not only the excellent toughness but also the good elastoplasticity of cement stone are required.Thus,the MFR,an elastic-plastic material,is developed,and its performance tested.Based on the laboratory test,the optimum rational dosage of MFR is 1%～3%.The formula of elastic-plastic cement slurry system is optimized.As the result,cement stone in this formula has the properties of suitable elastic modulus and high bending strength(with fracturetoughness increased by 44.8%),and can meet the demands of horizontal-well cementation.This cement slurry system has been applied to 139.7 mm production casing in HH73P92 well,testing result of VDL shows a high cementing quality.

KEY WORDS:tight reservoir,horizontal well,well cementation,elastoplasticity,cement slurry system

Application Scenarios of Big Data in City Gas Industry

YANG Huan
(Chengdu City Gas Co.,Ltd.).NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION&DEVELOPMENT.v.39 no.4,pp.72-75，12/25/2016

杨桓，1992年生，助理工程师；主要从事油气储运和城市燃气的研究。地址：（610041）成都市武侯区少陵路19号。电话：18628193367。E-mail：85472711@qq.com