Resight非接触式广角镜在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者眼前后节联合手术后眼表的变化

2016-01-20 04:48辛文剑高云仙
国际眼科杂志 2016年1期
关键词:眼表角膜视网膜

辛文剑,高云仙

作者单位:1(830011)中国新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市,新疆医科大学中医学院;2(830011)中国新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市,新疆医科大学附属中医院眼科



·临床研究·

Resight非接触式广角镜在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者眼前后节联合手术后眼表的变化

辛文剑1,高云仙2

作者单位:1(830011)中国新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市,新疆医科大学中医学院;2(830011)中国新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市,新疆医科大学附属中医院眼科

Citation:Xin WJ, Gao YX. Change of ocular surface in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and vitrectomy using Resight non-contact wide-angle lens.GuojiYankeZazhi(IntEyeSci) 2016;16(1):114-117

摘要

目的:探讨Resight非接触式广角镜与传统角膜接触镜在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)患者眼前后节联合手术后眼表的差异性比较。

方法:回顾性分析2014-01/12在新疆自治区中医院眼科住院收治的白内障合并增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的患者96例96眼,其中采用白内障超声乳化摘除+人工晶状体植入联合23G玻璃体切割术辅助Resight非接触式广角镜48例48眼设为试验组,对照组48例48眼为采用传统角膜接触镜,余均同对照组。两组患者性别及年龄、病程均匹配。观察术前、术后第1、7、30d的角膜厚度(corneal thickness,CT)、基础泪液分泌量(Schirmer’s test,SⅠt)、泪膜破裂时间(breaking-up time, BUT)、角膜荧光染色(corneal fluorescein staining,CFS)。

结果:两组患者术前各项指标均无统计学差异,两个组手术前后各时间点的CT值总体比较差异有统计学意义(F时间=748.355,P=0.000;F组别=27.196,P=0.000),其中对照组术后各时间点角膜厚度均明显增加,与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两个组手术前后不同时间点SⅠt值总体比较差异有统计学意义(F时间=571.094,P=0.000),其中两组术后1、7d S I t值与术前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后30d S I t值均逐渐恢复至术前水平;两个组手术前后不同时间点的BUT值总体比较差异有统计学意义(F时间=843.122,P=0.000;F组别=24.664,P=0.000),其中对照组术后各时间点BUT值均缩短,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两个组术眼CFS值不同组间和不同时间点的变化差异均有统计学意义(F时间=312.093,P=0.000;F组别=16.232,P=0.000),其中,两个组患者术后各时间点的CFS值均高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论:Resight非接触式广角镜在PDR患者眼前后节联合手术后对眼表影响小,术后干眼症状较轻。

关键词:Resight非接触式广角镜;增生性糖尿病视网膜病变;干眼

引用:辛文剑,高云仙.Resight非接触式广角镜在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者眼前后节联合手术后眼表的变化.国际眼科杂志2016;16(1):114-117

0引言

随着糖尿病的发病率不断上升,糖尿病视网膜病变的患者越来越多[1],并且许多患者合并白内障,目前,白内障摘除术联合玻璃体切割术成为有效的治疗手段[2],然而,由于糖尿病患者的周围神经病变及眼表环境易受影响[3],传统角膜接触镜辅助眼前后节联合手术常常加重角膜及眼表的问题[4-5],这一现象逐渐引起临床医师的关注,近年来,非接触式广角镜在眼眼前后节联合手术中的应用倍受青睐[6-7],本文就Resight非接触式广角镜与传统角膜接触镜在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)患者眼前后节联合手术后眼表的改变作一对比性研究,现报道如下。

1对象和方法

1.1对象收集2014-01/12在新疆维吾尔自治区中医院眼科因白内障合并PDR住院行白内障超声乳化摘除+人工晶状体植入联合23G玻璃体切割术患者96例96眼,其中试验组采用Resight非接触式广角镜48例48眼,对照组采用传统角膜接触镜48例48眼,其余情况两组均相同。全部患者术前空腹血糖控制到7.0mmol/L以下,餐后2h血糖控制到11.0mmol/L以下,血压160/90mmHg以下,心、肾功能能耐受手术;无眼部外伤史及手术史、无影响泪液的其他系统性疾病史、无角膜接触镜使用史。

1.2方法所有患者术前均采用裂隙灯及直接检眼镜检查眼底,并行眼部超声检查,两组患者的性别、年龄均匹配,两组患者的病情分期均为糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅳ~Ⅵ期,试验组48例48眼,其中男22例22眼,女26例26眼,年龄56~78(平均69.3±4.6)岁;对照组48例48眼,其中男23例23眼,女25例25眼,年龄57~77(平均68.4±4.1)岁。手术均由同一位医师完成。术前3d滴左氧氟沙星滴眼液预防感染,所有患者术前30min行利多卡因+布比卡因4mL球后阻滞麻醉,术前15min均使用盐酸奥布卡因点眼3次,每次间隔5min。所有患者均行白内障超声乳化摘除+人工晶状体植入术+23G微创玻璃体切割术,试验组术中采用Resight非接触式广角镜,对照组采用角膜缘金属环缝线固定及使用传统角膜接触镜,手术采用3.0mm角膜切口,前房注入黏弹剂后环形撕囊,水分离,囊袋内超声乳化晶状体,吸除残留皮质,植入折叠式人工晶状体,10/0线角膜切口缝合1针,距角膜缘3.5mm的睫状体平坦部做3个巩膜穿刺口,切除中轴部及周边部玻璃体,剥膜,气液交换后行全视网膜光凝,根据术中眼底情况,决定玻璃体腔内注入气体或者硅油,所有患者术中均采用同一设备及器械,手术结束后常规给予地塞米松+利多卡因半球后注射,术后局部使用妥布霉素地塞米松眼液滴眼,每日4次,1wk后换用氯替泼诺混悬滴眼液每日4次,逐渐递减至术后1min停药;术后2wk内使用妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏点眼,睡前一次;所有患者于术前及术后第1、7、30d,由同一医师在同一检查室进行数据采集。采集项目包括角膜厚度(corneal thickness,CT),基础泪液分泌试验 (Schirmer’s test,SⅠt)、泪膜破裂时间(breaking-up time,BUT)、角膜荧光染色(corneal fluorescein staining,CFS)评分。CT:记录实际数值(测3次,取平均值);SⅠt:记录实际读数,超过30mm者以30mm记。BUT:记录实际时间。CFS评分采用四象限评分法[8],一象限内无着色为0分,少量(<5)点状着色为1分,多量(>5)点状着色为2分,伴有片状着色或有丝状物为3分,四象限分值相加为最后得分。

2结果

2.1两组术后各时间点CT值试验组术后各时间点CT值无明显变化,与术前相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但对照组术后各时间点的CT值均明显增加,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术前后不同时间点CT值的总体比较差异有统计学意义(F时间=748.355,P=0.000;F组别=27.196,P=0.000;F交互作用=165.332,P=0.000),见表1。

2.2两组术后SⅠt值两组术后1、7d,SⅠt值均明显高于术前值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以对照组更明显,但术后30d逐渐恢复到术前水平,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组手术后不同时间点SⅠt值的总体比较差异有统计学意义(F时间=571.094,P=0.000),两组术后各时间点SⅠt值相比较差异无统计学意义(F组别=2.596,P=0.079),见表2。

表1两组角膜厚度值的比较

,mm)

aP<0.05vs术前。试验组:采用Resight非接触式广角镜;对照组:采用传统角膜接触镜。

aP<0.05vs术前。试验组:采用Resight非接触式广角镜;对照组:采用传统角膜接触镜。

aP<0.05vs术前。试验组:采用Resight非接触式广角镜;对照组:采用传统角膜接触镜。

aP<0.05vs术前。试验组:采用Resight非接触式广角镜;对照组:采用传统角膜接触镜。

2.3两组手术前后的BUT变化试验组手术前后的BUT变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但是对照组术后各时间点的BUT值与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术前后不同时间点的BUT值总体比较差异有统计学意义(F时间=843.122,P=0.000;F组别=24.664,P=0.000;F交互作用=187.334,P=0.000),见表3。

2.4两组手术前后的CFS变化两组术后1、7、30d与术前相比,CFS均明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组术后CFS均高于试验组。两组术眼CFS值不同组间和不同时间点的变化差异均有统计学意义(F时间=312.093,P=0.000;F组别=16.232,P=0.000;F交互作用=3.860,P=0.010),见表4。

3讨论

引起干眼的原因复杂多样,手术导致的泪膜不稳定及泪液分泌量的异常以及眼表的变化逐渐引起眼科学者的注意,近年随着糖尿病的发病率逐年上升,糖尿病视网膜病变合并白内障的患者在临床中越来越常见,有研究报道[9-10]:糖尿病患者的泪膜功能较差及角膜的敏感度较正常人低,故手术后更易致干眼的发生,这种现象尤其在合并有糖尿病性视网膜病变的患者中表现更著。Yorek等[11]分别对患有1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病的小鼠作了一项研究,结果显示:2型糖尿病的小鼠更易因失去神经营养作用发生角膜神经改变及周围神经的病变。因此,糖尿病患者在行超声乳化白内障吸除术联合玻璃体切割术后角结膜上皮细胞生长、基底膜的更新明显改变,导致角结膜上皮缺损,愈合延迟,与非糖尿病患者相比更易致泪膜功能改变[12]。本组资料采用评价干眼及眼表系统的四个常用指标(角膜厚度、基础泪液分泌量、泪膜破裂时间,角膜荧光染色)来对比分析Resight非接触式广角镜与传统角膜接触镜对角膜及眼表影响的差异。采用Resight非接触式广角镜,术后角膜厚度与术前比较无统计学差异,术后基本不引起角膜水肿,但是对照组术后角膜厚度明显增加,考虑与术中角膜接触镜的持续摩擦及手术时间较长有关,对照组术中需要助手使用顶棒顶压视网膜后极部及周边部,这在一定程度上导致结膜水肿加重,破坏了结膜囊的杯状细胞及泪膜的脂质层及黏蛋白层,术后反射性泪液分泌量增加,泪膜功能破坏,泪膜的破裂时间缩短,角膜荧光染色评分较试验组高,因此,术中减少对角膜、结膜的刺激甚至是创伤就显得尤为重要。近年来,国内的彭灵等[13]报道了Resight非接触式广角镜在眼前后节联合手术中应用,分析了其独特的优势:术中与眼球不接触,避免了术中与角膜及眼表的摩擦,观察角度广,术中助手只需轻轻顶压甚至无需顶压周边视网膜即可完成手术,这在一定程度上避免破坏睑板腺体及结膜的杯状细胞,与缝合式金属环固定角膜接触镜相比,不仅缩短了手术时间,而且减少了术中机械性创伤及术后缝线的刺激,进一步维持泪膜的稳定性。本组研究也存在不足之处,未能比较两组患者手术时间对术后干眼的影响因素,需要进一步完善。针对糖尿病患者这一特殊群体,早期诊断并及时治疗干眼症对术后维持眼表稳定性及视力的恢复具有重要意义,对于具备手术指征的患者,我们建议:应该在临床上进一步推广非接触式广角镜的应用。

参考文献

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13彭灵,游志鹏.23G微创玻璃体切割系统联合Resight非接触式广角镜在眼前后节联合手术中应用.中华眼底病杂志2013;29(2):204-206

Change of ocular surface in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and vitrectomy using Resight non-contact wide-angle lens

Wen-Jian Xin1, Yun-Xian Gao2

1Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China;2Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

Correspondence to:Yun-Xian Gao. Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Gaoyx1973@163.com

Received:2015-10-10Accepted:2015-12-11

Abstract

•AIM: To evaluate the difference of ocular surface between Resight non-contact wide-angle lens and conventional corneal contact lens in the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL) implantation and vitrectomy.

•METHODS: A retrospective cases-controlled study was designed.Ninety-six patients (96 eyes)with PDR and cataract were included in this study from January 2014 to December 2014 in Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The 48 cases(48 eyes)in experiment group were treated with Resight non-contact wide-angle lens,the 48 cases(48 eyes) in control group with conventional corneal contact lens. Corneal thickness(CT), Schirmer’s test(SⅠt),breaking-up time (BUT) and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS) were taken before operations and at 1d,1wk and 1mo after operations.

•RESULTS: All indicators of the two groups had no significant differences preoperatively. Significant differences were found on CT value between the experiment group and control group as well as among 4 time points(Ftime=748.355,P=0.000;Fgroup=27.196,P=0.000). The CT value of the control group increased obviously after surgeries, the differences were significant compared with preoperative (P<0.05). The SⅠt of the two groups among the 4 points were significantly different (Ftime=571.094,P=0.000). The SⅠt of the two groups at 1d and 1wk were significantly different compared with those preoperative(P<0.05). The SⅠt of the two groups at 1mo postoperatively recovered to the same level as before surgeries. The BUT value between the two groups as well as among 4 time points were significantly different (Ftime=843.122,P=0.000;Fgroup=24.664,P=0.000). The BUT decreased after surgeries and the differences were significant, compared with those before surgeries (P<0.05). The CFS value between the two groups as well as among 4 time points were significantly different(Ftime=312.093,P=0.000;Fgroup=16.232,P=0.000). The CFS value after surgeries was higher than those before surgeries and the differences were significant (P<0.05).

•CONCLUSION: Resight non-contact wide-angle lens has little influence on the ocular surface in the patients with PDR after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation and vitrectomy.

KEYWORDS:•Resight non-contact wide-angle lens;proliferative diabetic retinopathy;dry eye

DOI:10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2016.1.31

收稿日期:2015-10-10 修回日期: 2015-12-11

通讯作者:高云仙,女,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,研究方向:玻璃体视网膜疾病.Gaoyx1973@163.com

作者简介:辛文剑,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:玻璃体视网膜疾病。

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