·论著·
不同类型冠心病患者血清血小板源性生长因子表达及其与斑块超声显像特征的关系
付光学,陈玉东
(胜利油田中心医院,山东东营257000)
摘要:目的探讨不同类型冠心病患者血清血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)表达及其与斑块超声显像特征的相关性。方法选取冠状动脉(冠脉)造影检查患者138例,其中急性冠脉综合征(ACS)65例[不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组35例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)组30例],非急性冠脉综合征73例[稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组40例,陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)组18例],冠脉造影正常者15例(对照组)。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测各组血清PDGF水平,采用血管内超声检查ACS组和SAP组患者冠脉病变情况,比较不同性质斑块患者血清PDGF水平的差异。结果SAP、OMI、UAP、AMI组血清PDGF浓度均高于对照组(P均<0.05);UAP、AMI组血清PDGF浓度高于SAP、OMI组(P均<0.05);AMI组血清PDGF浓度高于UAP组(P<0.05)。SAP组冠脉病变以硬斑块为主,ACS组以软斑块为主;ACS组斑块破裂、血栓形成、正性重构发生率高于SAP组(P均<0.05),SAP组与ACS组偏心指数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。纤维斑块、钙化斑块、混合斑块患者血清PDGF浓度均低于软斑块患者(P均<0.05)。 结论 PDGF参与冠脉粥样硬化斑块的形成,血清PDGF水平检测可为临床诊断、预防和治疗ACS提供新的思路。
关键词:冠状动脉疾病;急性冠脉综合征;血小板源性生长因子;血管内超声
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.41.001
中图分类号:R541.4
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1002-266X(2015)41-0001-03
基金项目:山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2011HW075)。
作者简介:第一付光学(1982-),男,主治医师,主要从事心血管疾病的介入治疗。E-mail:fulei256400@163.com 通信陈玉东(1973-),男,主任医师,主要从事心血管疾病的诊治研究。E-mail:yudongchenchen@126.com
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in patients with different types of coronary heart disease and its correlation with the characteristics of ultrasound imaging of plaque. MethodsWe selected 138 cases of patients with coronary angiography, including 65 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 35 patients with unstable angina (UAP) and 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 73 patients with non-acute coronary syndrome, including 40 patients with stable angina (SAP) and 18 patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI), and 15 patients with normal coronary angiography. Using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent method to detect serum level of PDGF in patients. Using intravascular ultrasound was used to detect the coronary lesions of patients with ACS and SAP, and we compared the differences in the levels of serum PDGF in different plaques of patients. ResultsThe serum PDGF concentrations in the SAP, OMI, UAP and AMI patients were higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05), the serum PDGF concentrations of the UAP and AMI patients were higher than those of the SAP and OMI patients (all P<0.05); the serum PDGF concentration of AMI patients was higher than the UAP patients (P<0.05). The coronary lesions in the SAP group were mainly hard plaques, and those of the ACS group were mainly soft plaques. The occurrence rates of ACS plaque rupture, thrombosis and positive remodeling were higher than those of SAP (all P<0.05), and the difference between SAP and ACS was statistically significant (P<0.05). The average level of PDGF in patients with fibrous plaque, calcified plaque and mixed plaque was lower than that of patients with soft plaque (all P<0.05).Conclusions PDGF is involved in the formation of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, and serum PDGF level can provide a new way for clinical diagnosis, prevention and treatment of ACS.
收稿日期:(2015-09-07)
Expression of platelet-derived growth factor of patients with different types of coronary
heart disease and its relationship with the characteristics of ultrasound imaging of plaque
FUGuang-xue,CHENYu-dong
(ShengliOilFieldCenterHospital,Dongying257000,China)
Key words: coronary disease; acute coronary syndrome; platelet-derived growth factor; intravascular ultrasound
斑块破裂和血栓形成是急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的主要发病机制,而斑块不稳定是这些环节的始动因素[1,2]。血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)是目前发现的最强血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)化学趋化因子[3,4],具有强大的促VSMC增生和向内膜下迁移作用。本研究通过ELISA法检测不同类型冠心病患者血清PDGF浓度,并应用血管内超声检测冠状动脉(冠脉)内粥样斑块的特征,探讨血清PDGF水平与粥样斑块超声显像特征的关系[5~10]。
1资料与方法
1.1临床资料选择2013年1~12月在本院心内科住院并行冠脉造影检查患者138例,依据冠脉造影结果和临床表现进行分组。急性冠脉综合征(ACS)65例,其中不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组35例,男14例、女21例,年龄(63.6±3.1)岁;急性心肌梗死(AMI)组30例,男13例、女17例,年龄(62.9±6.9)岁。非急性冠脉综合征73例,其中稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组40例,男23例、女17例,年龄(66.7±4.1)岁;陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)组18例,男15例、女3例,年龄(66.1±5.4)岁。冠脉造影正常15例(对照组),男9例、女6例,年龄(65.1±3.6)岁。各组性别、年龄构成比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)
1.2 方法对入选对象采用飞利浦FD-10心血管数字减影机进行造影检查以明确血管病变部位狭窄程度。冠脉造影时均进行多个体位的投射,明确病变血管支数、血管狭窄情况并做详细记录。冠脉造影结束后,对适合采用血管内超声检查的患者采用血管内超声仪进行病变部位检查,并记录分析斑块性质、血栓形成的概率、正性重构、负性重构、无重构、病变处外弹力膜面积、病变处管腔面积、病变处斑块面积、偏心指数等。血清PDGF水平测定采用ELISA法,以OD值为纵坐标,以标准物的浓度为横坐标,绘制出标准曲线,然后依据样品的OD值查出相应的PDGF浓度,即待测样品的实际浓度。
1.3统计学方法采用SPSS19.0统计软件。计量资料以±s表示,各组间比较用单因素方差分析;计数资料以例数或百分比表示,比较用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1各组血清PDGF水平比较SAP组、OMI组、UAP组、AMI组、对照组血清PDGF浓度分别为(2.12±0.51)、(2.26±0.63)、(2.81±0.49)、(3.74±0.60)、(1.77±0.48)ng/L,SAP组、OMI组、UAP组、AMI组均高于对照组(P均<0.05),UAP组、AMI组高于SAP、OMI组(P均<0.05),AMI组高于UAP组(P<0.05)。
2.2SAP组和ACS组血管内超声检查结果比较 血管内超声检查显示, SAP组冠脉病变以硬斑块为主,ACS组以软斑块为主;ACS组斑块破裂、血栓形成、正性重构发生率高于SAP组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。见表1。SAP组与ACS组比较,偏心指数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),外弹力膜面积、管腔面积、斑块面积无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。见表2。
表1 SAP组、ACS组血管内超声冠脉病变定性检查结果(例)
注: 与SAP组相比,*P<0.05。
表2 SAP组、ACS组血管内超声冠脉病变
定量检查结果( ± s)
表2 SAP组、ACS组血管内超声冠脉病变
组别n外弹力膜面积(mm2)管腔面积(mm2)斑块面积(mm2)偏心指数SAP组4015.41±6.155.98±3.218.43±3.980.60±0.24ACS组6515.95±4.675.79±2.3910.26±3.920.31±0.22*
注: 与SAP组相比,*P<0.05。
2.3不同性质斑块患者血清PDGF水平比较 纤维斑块、钙化斑块、混合斑块患者血清PDGF浓度均低于软斑块(P均<0.05);纤维板块、钙化斑块、混合斑块患者血清PDGF浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。见表3。
表3 不同斑块性质患者血清PDGF水平比较(ng/L, ± s)
表3 不同斑块性质患者血清PDGF水平比较(ng/L, ± s)
斑块性质nPDGF软斑块542.26±0.47纤维斑块261.28±0.36*钙化斑块71.36±0.71*混合斑块181.12±0.51*
注:与软斑块相比,*P<0.05。
3讨论
目前,冠心病的确切发病机制还未明确,有关动脉粥样硬化病变的发病与损伤反应学说有关[11,12]。轻度的血管壁损伤可导致炎性浸润,继而增加动脉内膜的血浆成分转移和积聚。在动脉发生损伤的部位存在附壁血栓或凝结物,它们借由平滑肌细胞进入而发生机化[13]。损伤反应学说认为,动脉粥样斑块的形成是动脉对内皮损伤的反应[14],内皮损伤可使内膜的渗透屏障作用和内皮表面抗血栓形成的特性发生破坏,增加内膜的促凝血特性,产生释放血管活性因子、脂解酶和生长因子等的效应,并逐渐形成动脉粥样病变。
PDGF通过损伤内皮细胞促进凝血、抑制纤溶,促进中性粒细胞、平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞对内皮细胞的黏附以及促进血管平滑肌细胞的迁移和增殖,参与动脉粥样硬化及冠心病的发生、发展过程。本研究中冠心病患者血清PDGF浓度比对照组增高,也说明了PDGF与冠心病的发生有关。PDGF具有趋化、缩血管、促分裂等生物学活性。PDGF能抑制血管平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞、胶质细胞的分裂增生。PDGF通过抑制PDGF受体跨膜蛋白介导的细胞信号传递,抑制G0/G1期的成纤维细胞、神经胶质细胞、平滑肌细胞等多种细胞进入分裂增殖周期。动脉内膜损伤后血小板等聚集,在损伤早期PDGF从血小板α颗粒释放出来,启动并加速动脉内膜修复。动脉内膜修复增生,会加重管腔狭窄;或在原有斑块的基础上更容易形成不稳定性斑块,加重或者促进急性冠脉综合征的发生。 本研究发现,ACS患者血清PDGF的浓度高于非ACS患者,提示血清PDGF水平与ACS的发生和发展密切相关,并在预测ACS的发生和发展中具有重要意义。AMI患者在急性期和超急性期最危险,有猝死可能。随着时间的推移其危险性和病死率下降,此与本研究AMI患者血清PDGF浓度高于OMI符合。
血管内超声即通过超声技术直观观察血管腔内情况。通过血管内超声观察冠脉血管壁及血管内斑块特点并作进一步的图像分析处理,使图像清晰,可准确显示冠脉管腔的大小和形态、管壁的解剖结构以及斑块的特征[15]。本研究通过血管超声检查我们发现,ACS组与SAP组血管外弹力膜面积无差异,与SAP组相比,ACS以偏心斑块为主,以正性重构多见。与此同时检测了不同斑块患者血清PDGF浓度,发现软斑块时PDGF浓度明显高于硬斑块时PDGF浓度。说明斑块越不稳定PDGF浓度越高。因此,检测血清PDGF水平可为诊断ACS提供依据,为临床检测、预防和治疗ACS提供新的思路。
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