李建华,张岳桥,董树文,马之力 ,李 勇
1)中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京 100081;2)合肥工业大学资源与环境科学系,安徽合肥 230009
华南是由扬子地块和华夏地块拼合形成的大陆板块,位于特提斯构造域和滨太平洋构造域的中间部位,其北邻秦岭—大别—苏鲁碰撞造山带,西接昆仑、羌塘古特提斯造山带,东邻菲律宾海和太平洋板块(图1;Li et al.,2013a,2014)。早古生代,华南大陆经历了强烈的造山作用,导致陆壳显著缩短和加厚,前泥盆纪岩石变形变质,并诱发地壳广泛熔融形成大规模S型花岗岩(e.g.,Shu et al.,2014;Faure et al.,2009;Charvet et al.,2010;Charvet,2013)。这些独特的构造形迹-岩石组合是探索显生宙早期地球演化过程的重要窗口,引发了国内外地质学家的广泛关注(舒良树,2006;Wang et al.,2011;熊小松等,2009;尹福光等,2001)。
关于华南早古生代造山事件的识别,可追溯至20世纪 20年代,原指发生于广西大瑶山、大明山等地区寒武—志留系与泥盆系之间的沉积间断和构造不整合事件,即“广西运动”(Ting,1929),又名为 Kwangsian orogeny(Wang et al.,2011)。20世纪 60年代,前人已在华南地区识别出了上泥盆统角度不整合、下古生界紧闭褶皱和早古生代花岗岩(徐克勤等,1960),并提出华南不是一个前震旦纪地台,而是一个变形强烈的早古生代褶皱带(郭令智等,1965)。随着板块学说的发展,地质学家围绕华南早古生代构造变形特征、岩浆活动与变质作用等关键科学问题,展开了大量研究(Li et al.,2010;Wang et al.,2007a)。结果一致表明:(1)华南早古生代褶皱和花岗岩以面状分布为特征(图1B),且远离板块边界,并缺失早古生代蛇绿岩套和岛弧型花岗岩,符合陆内造山带的构造属性(Shu et al.,2014;Charvet et al.,2010)。(2)华南早古生代陆内造山作用可划分为两个阶段,早期挤压造山诱发南华裂谷盆地强烈褶皱和逆冲推覆,导致地壳加厚并发生部分熔融,形成高温高压变质和深熔作用(Li et al.,2010);晚期后造山伸展导致造山带伸展垮塌,并诱发大规模后造山花岗质岩浆侵位(徐先兵等,2009)。目前,关于这一陆内造山过程的年代学及区域大地背景从挤压向伸展转换的时代,一直缺乏有效的同位素年代学约束。同时,关于华南古生代陆内造山作用的地球动力学背景,仍存在较大争议。Wang等(2007a)认为,其与因扬子地块和华夏地块之间“不成熟洋盆(Failed rift)”关闭而诱发的陆-陆碰撞造山作用有关,这一动力学过程归结于华北和华南板块古生代俯冲/碰撞造山的远程效应。Faure等(2009)提出,其与华夏地块沿绍兴—江山缝合带向扬子地块的俯冲作用相关。Charvet等(2010)认为其与华夏地块内部的陆内俯冲作用有关。Li等(2010)则认为,其与华夏地块内部沿武夷山东缘边界断裂自南东向北西的逆冲推覆作用相关。
图1 华南大陆及邻区大地构造单元分布简图Fig.1 Simplified geological map showing the location of South China and its relation with adjacent blocks
华南早古生代花岗岩空间上呈面状展布(图1),总面积2万余km2(舒良树,2006),深入研究这些花岗岩的岩相学、年代学和地球化学成因,对理解华南大陆古生代构造演化及动力学背景具有重要意义。湘东板杉铺和宏夏桥岩体位于江南造山带的南缘,为具典型代表性的早古生代花岗岩,是研究华南大陆早古生代岩浆作用的理想地区。笔者选择这2个岩体开展了精细锆石 U-Pb同位素年代学研究,厘定了岩体的形成年代,并结合已发表的全岩主、微量元素和 Sr-Nd同位素地球化学资料,讨论了其成因的深部动力学背景,为重建华南陆块早古生代花岗岩的时序格架及大地构造演化过程提供关键的年代学依据。
华南陆块经历了漫长的地质演化,包括强烈的板块拼贴、拉张裂解,及多旋回沉积—构造—岩浆热事件的演化,这些大地构造演化过程在全球独具特色,可概述为以下几个阶段:(1)太古代—古元古代,扬子和华夏地块结晶基底分别在崆岭杂岩和八都杂岩形成,时代分别为 3.8~3.2 Ga和 2.5~2.0 Ga(Qiu et al.,2000;Yu et al.,2012)。(2)新元古代早期(~1.1—0.9 Ga),扬子地块与华夏地块沿绍兴—江山缝合带碰撞拼合,形成统一华南大陆,其与全球Rodinia超大陆聚合事件引发的Grenville期造山事件有关(Li et al.,2002)。(3)新元古代中期(~850—825 Ma),四堡造山运动导致华夏地块冷家溪群强烈褶皱,并被板溪群角度不整合覆盖(Wang et al.,2007b),其代表了一次强烈的板内构造反转和缩短变形事件。(4)新元古代晚期,强烈板内裂解作用诱发大规模岩浆活动,并导致南华裂谷盆地的形成。岩浆活动主要集中在四个峰值年龄:ca.825 Ma,ca.800 Ma,ca.780 Ma 和ca.750 Ma,可能与深部超级地幔柱活动(Li et al.,1999)或活动大陆边缘岛弧岩浆作用(Zhou et al.,2002)有关。与新元古代岩浆活动相比,南华裂谷盆地的沉积作用持续时间更长,可持续至早古生代。(5)早古生代,强烈陆内造山作用造成南华裂谷夭折并发生闭合(Faure et al.,2009;Charvet et al.,2010),志留系沉积缺失,前泥盆系普遍褶皱和韧性剪切,并伴随地壳熔融、同造山岩浆侵入和高级变质作用。陆内造山晚期,加厚地壳发生伸展垮塌,上泥盆统砾岩角度不整合覆盖在强变形的前泥盆纪地层之上,并伴随后造山花岗质岩浆侵位(舒良树,2006)。(6)早中生代,随着古特提斯洋的关闭,华南板块沿南北边缘的Song-Ma和秦岭—大别两条缝合带与 Indochina和华北板块分别发生陆-陆碰撞作用(~250—230 Ma)(Carter et al.,2001),导致华南地区整体抬升,经历由海相环境向陆相环境的转换,基底强烈韧性剪切,盖层发生褶皱和冲断变形(Wang et al.,2005)。后造山伸展松弛作用(~230—210 Ma)导致变质核杂岩构造形成(Faure et al.,1996),并诱发大规模花岗质岩浆侵位(李建华等,2014)。(7)晚中生代早期(~165—137 Ma),古太平洋板块 NW 向俯冲作用导致华南陆壳广泛缩短加厚,大规模 NE—SW 走向褶皱和逆冲推覆构造形成(张岳桥等,2008,2012)。晚中生代晚期(~136—85 Ma),加厚的华南地壳伸展垮塌,一系列NE—SW走向断陷盆地和伸展穹窿构造形成,并伴随大规模岩浆侵入和火山喷发(Li et al.,2012,2013b,2014)。
宏夏桥和板杉铺岩体,位于华夏地块北缘湖南东部的株洲地区(图1),均表现为穹窿状几何学展布特征(图2),岩性以二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩为主。两岩体周缘出露的围岩地层为新元古界—中生界(图2)。新元古界为冷家溪群,主要由片岩、千枚岩、板岩、杂砂岩、泥岩等复理石沉积组成,夹细碧岩、凝灰岩等火山岩层,沉积时代为 860~820 Ma(Wang et al.,2007b)。古生界为泥盆—石炭纪海相碳酸盐岩,主要由白云岩、灰岩、硅质岩、页岩和砾岩等组成(湖南省地质矿产局,1988)。中生界为侏罗—白垩纪陆相红色碎屑岩,主要由砂岩、粉砂岩、砾岩和泥岩等组成(湖南省地质矿产局,1988)。受上述元古代—中生代多阶段构造事件的影响,这些地层发生不同程度的褶皱和冲断变形,形成一系列NE—NNE走向褶皱、逆冲断层和正断层等(图2)。宏夏桥和板杉铺岩体与这些地层接触界线清晰:两岩体大部分侵入到浅变质的冷家溪群中,宏夏桥岩体西南缘被泥盆—石炭系覆盖,板杉铺岩体东南缘与泥盆—石炭系和侏罗—白垩系呈正断层接触(图2)。本研究在宏夏桥岩体北缘地区采集2块岩石样品(YY150-1和YY151-1)(图2),岩性为黑云母花岗闪长岩,中-细粒,主要矿物为钾长石(~16%)、斜长石(~44%)、石英(~23%),黑云母(~5%)和角闪石(~8%),副矿物为锆石、磷灰石和榍石等(湖南省地质矿产局,1988)。本研究还在板杉铺岩体中部地区采集 2块岩石样品(YY152-1和YY153-2)(图2),岩性为黑云母二长花岗岩,中-细粒,主要矿物为钾长石(~30%)、斜长石(~31%)、石英(~30%)和黑云母(~9%),副矿物为锆石、磷灰石和榍石等(湖南省地质矿产局,1988)。
图2 宏夏桥和板杉铺岩体周缘构造纲要图与采样位置Fig.2 Geological map showing structures around Hongxiaqiao and Banshanpu granitoids and sampling locations
样品首先经过破碎,经浮选和电磁选等方法挑选出单颗粒锆石,然后在双目镜下挑纯。手工挑出晶形完好、透明度和色泽度好的锆石,在玻璃板上对锆石进行精选和排列,用环氧树脂将其固定凝结,再打磨至锆石中心,最后进行抛光处理。然后用装有阴极荧光探头的扫描电镜对抛光后的锆石样品进行阴极发光(CL)照相,了解被测锆石的内部结构,并作为选取定年分析点位的依据。这项工作在北京锆年领航科技有限公司电子探针实验室采用扫描电镜完成,加速电压为15 kV。锆石U-Pb年代学在天津地质矿产研究所利用激光烧蚀多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-MC-ICPMS)测定。详细的分析程序、分析精度和准确性见李怀坤等(2009)。分析结果根据Andersen(2002)方法进行普通Pb校正。锆石 U-Pb年龄计算及谐和图均采用 ISOPLOT3.0(Ludwig,2003)程序完成。
锆石是花岗岩类岩石中普遍存在的副矿物,其耐磨和抗风化能力强,富含U、Th放射性元素,具有良好的物理化学稳定性。锆石 U-Pb体系是所有矿物同位素体系中封闭温度最高的(~800~900℃),是确定变质作用峰期年龄和岩浆岩结晶年龄的理想手段(Wu et al.,2004)。锆石内部结构分析是合理解释所测锆石 U-Pb年龄的必要前提和重要依据。目前,阴极发光(CL)图像是揭示锆石内部结构的有效手段(Wu et al.,2004)。由于235U和238U的半衰期及丰度存在差异,导致在放射性成因组分积累较少的年轻锆石中,放射性成因207Pb的丰度比放射性成因206Pb的丰度约低一个数量级,对于年龄较轻(<1 Ga)的锆石,采用206Pb/238U年龄更加准确(李建华等,2014)。本文所测定的花岗岩形成于古生代,故采用206Pb/238U年龄进行加权平均值计算。
样品YY150-1中的锆石多为浅黄色或无色,透明-半透明,柱状或长柱状,晶体自形程度较好。颗粒较大,长度为 100~200 μm,宽为 80~120 μm,长宽比为1.5:1~2.5:1。阴极发光电子(CL)图像显示,样品中的大部分锆石具相似形态,均为无核具韵律震荡环带结构(图3A),反映被测锆石为典型的岩浆结晶锆石,且未发生显著的 Pb丢失。本文共选择 32颗岩浆锆石,进行了 32个点的定点分析,这些点ω(Th)为(233~1080)×10-6,ω(U)为(633~1320)×10-6,Th/U比值为 0.37~0.99。所有数据点都位于谐和线上或附近(图 3B),对其进行加权平均值计算,获得加权平均年龄为(421±2) Ma(MSWD=0.104),属于古生代,代表了岩体的结晶年龄。
样品YY151-1中的锆石多为浅黄色或无色,透明-半透明,自形或半自形长柱状。颗粒长度多为100~200 μm,宽为 60~150 μm,长宽比为 1.5:1~4:1。阴极发光电子(CL)图像显示,大部分锆石边部均显示强烈振荡韵律环带的结构面貌,揭示典型岩浆成因锆石特征(图 3C)。个别锆石(9.1)具弱核-边结构:核部CL较弱,颜色较深,为典型的捕虏锆石核。本文共选择 33颗锆石,进行了 33个点的定年分析,除 9.1 外,其余点的ω(Th)为(94~1010)×10-6,ω(U)为(409~1183)×10-6,Th/U比值为0.37~1.38。这些数据点都位于谐和线上或附近(图3D),对其进行加权平均值计算,获得加权平均年龄为(423±2) Ma(MSWD=0.39),代表了岩体的结晶年龄。捕虏锆石核 9.1 的ω(Pb)为 417×10-6,ω(U)为 949×10-6,Th/U比值为0.1,207Pb/206Pb年龄为2581 Ma。
图3 宏夏桥和板杉铺岩体被测锆石阴极发光图像和LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图Fig.3 Cathodoluminescence (CL) images and zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of Hongxiaqiao and Banshanpu granitoids
样品 YY152-1中锆石多为浅黄色或无色,透明-半透明,柱状或长柱状,晶体自形程度较好。颗粒长度为 150~250 μm,宽为 80~120 μm,长宽比为1.5:1~3:1。阴极发光电子(CL)图像显示,样品中的锆石均为无核具韵律震荡环带结构(图3E),证实这些锆石为岩浆成因。本文共选择32颗锆石,进行了32个点的定点分析,这些点ω(Th)为(68~1047)×10-6,ω(U)为(643~1773)×10-6,Th/U比值为0.23~0.79。所有数据点都位于谐和线上或附近(图 3F),经加权平均计算,获得加权平均年龄为(422±2) Ma(MSWD=0.22),代表了岩体的结晶年龄。
样品YY153-1中的锆石多为浅黄色或无色,透明-半透明,自形或半自形长柱状。颗粒为 150~200 μm,宽为 80~120 μm,长宽比为 1.5:1~2.5:1。阴极发光电子(CL)图像显示,该样品锆石主要为无核具强烈韵律震荡环带结构(图 3G),反映这些锆石为岩浆成因。本文共选择 32颗锆石,进行了32个点的定年分析,这些点的ω(Th)为(292~1404)×10-6,ω(U)为(730~2900)×10-6,Th/U 比值为 0.21~1.16。所有数据点都位于谐和线上或附近(图 3H),经加权平均计算,获得加权平均年龄为(421±2) Ma(MSWD=0.025),代表了岩体的结晶年龄。
关于宏夏桥和冷杉铺岩体的岩石地球化学特征,前人已做详细的研究,积累了一批高质量的测试数据(关义立等,2013;许德如等,2006)。综合这些数据,这两个花岗岩体的主量元素质量分数:ω(SiO2)=64%~70%,ω(Al2O3)=15.17%~17.00%,全碱ω(Na2O+K2O)=5.81%~6.31%,ω(P2O5)=0.09%~0.18%,ω(TiO2)=0.37%~0.61%,ω(MgO)=0.52%~1.58%,ω(FeOt)=2.68%~4.79%,ω(CaO)=2.64%~4.39%;铝饱和指数A/CNK值为1.11~1.4,A/NK指数为 1.80~2.30,显示准铝质-过铝质花岗岩的特征(关义立等,2013;许德如等,2006)。在微量元素组成上,这两个花岗岩体显示明显高 Sr(345×10-6~520×10-6),和偏低 Y(8.4×10-6~17.82×10-6)和Rb(110×10-6~180×10-6),Sr/Y 比值(33.6~63.5)显著高,而Rb/Sr比值(0.17~0.42)非常低(关义立等,2013;许德如等,2006),符合Martin(1999)提出的埃达克质岩浆的基本特征。在微量元素蛛网图中,这两个岩体均富集大离子亲石元素(Ba,Rb,K)、Th和U元素,相对亏损 Nb、Ta和 Ti元素。稀土元素配分模式上,ω(ΣREE)为(102~184)×10-6,中等-弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.68~0.74),轻稀土富集 (La/Yb)N=16.71~32.35(关义立等,2013;许德如等,2006),与壳源花岗岩的稀土元素特征一致(Harris et al.,1992)。全岩Sr-Nd同位素测试结果显示,两岩体的(87Sr/86Sr)i值为 0.7078~0.7169,εNd(t)值为–8.4 ~ –6.4,这些结果进一步佐证了壳源的特性。Nd模式年龄T2DM为1.72~1.80 Ga(关义立等,2013),暗示这两个岩体可能起源于古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融。
本文LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,宏夏桥岩体形成于 423~421 Ma,板杉铺岩体形成于 423~422 Ma,这一结果与前人获得的岩体结晶锆石年龄(宏夏桥岩体:434~432 Ma;板杉铺岩体:432~418 Ma)基本一致(关义立等,2013;Zhang et al.,2012)。综合上述年代学资料可知,宏夏桥和板杉铺花岗岩为华南古生代同期岩浆活动的产物。这两个岩体具显著高的Sr/Y和La/Yb比值,与典型的埃达克岩类似(Martin et al.,1999)。通常,埃达克岩的岩石成因与(1)地幔玄武质岩浆底侵作用使地壳发生垂向增生,导致地壳厚度加大并使下地壳保持高热流状态和部分熔融(Atherton and Petford,1993),或(2)俯冲洋壳的部分熔融(Johnston et al.,1997)有关。前者一般形成于陆内造山环境,而后者在新生代的岛弧火山岩中有较多发现。宏夏桥和板杉铺花岗岩低的εNd(t)值(–8.4 ~ –6.4)和高放射性成因 Sr 值(0.7078~0.7169)暗示它们可能源自地壳物质的部分熔融,且形成过程中无明显地幔物质的加入,与俯冲洋壳的部分熔融无关。这也与早古生代华南地壳发生了显著缩短加厚的地质事实相符(Charvet et al.,2010)。
主造山期地壳挤压增厚与造山后期地壳伸展减薄构成了华南早古生代陆内造山过程的一个完整构造旋回(Faure et al.,2009;张苑等,2011)。然而,关于这一造山过程的年代学一直缺乏有效的同位素年代学约束。本文对华南古生代岩浆活动和高级变质作用的高精度锆石 U-Pb和云母 Ar-Ar年龄进行了统计(图1),其为探讨华南早古生代岩浆-变质作用的时序格架和陆内造山过程提供关键的年代学依据。
宏夏桥和板杉铺埃达克质花岗岩形成于423~421 Ma,暗示~420 Ma以前,华南已遭受构造挤压,地壳已发生了显著的缩短加厚和部分熔融作用。这期强烈的挤压事件造成华南前泥盆纪地层广泛褶皱(舒良树,2006),并诱发大规模重熔型岩浆活动和混合岩化作用,导致武夷—云开造山带大面积460~420 Ma混合岩和片麻状花岗岩形成(图1),如赣南菖蒲混合岩(446 Ma;徐先兵等,2009)、闽北混合岩(440~435 Ma;刘锐等,2008)、闽西天井坪组混合岩(447 Ma;Zeng et al.,2008)、浙西南松阳八都群堑头组混合岩(436 Ma;陈正宏等,2008)、赣中南界品和东堡片麻状花岗岩(441 Ma和436 Ma;张苑等,2011)、粤南云潭和池峒、桂东博白和松旺片麻状花岗岩(441~420 Ma;Wang et al.,2007a)。除此之外,这期挤压还造成华夏地块基底强烈韧性剪切和高级变质作用。Faure等(2009)对赣南含石榴子石云母片岩进行了独居石U-Th-Pb定年,证实华夏地块北缘于453 Ma发生了top-to-the-south韧性剪切和角闪岩相变质作用。Li等(2010)运用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb法,对陈蔡、龙游和麻源地区的角闪岩、变辉长岩和花岗片麻岩中的变质锆石进行了测定,证实武夷山—云开造山带角闪岩相变质的时代为~460~445 Ma。Wan等(2007)对麻源群片麻岩中的变质锆石进行了 SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb定年,证实麻源群角闪岩变质时代为458~425 Ma。于津海等(2005)对闽西南桃溪变质岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素测试,证实该区晚新元古代沉积岩于 443 Ma发生了麻粒岩相变质作用。综合上述资料可知,华南早古生代陆内挤压造山作用发生于~460~420 Ma,主要表现为前泥盆纪地层广泛褶皱和大规模地壳重熔型岩浆活动、混合岩化作用、基底韧性剪切及高级变质作用。
早古生代陆内造山后期的伸展松弛作用导致华南大陆地壳减压减薄,形成一系列后造山岩浆岩(徐先兵等,2009)。与华南早古生代主造山期大规模地壳重熔和混合岩化岩浆活动相比,造山后期岩浆活动较弱,以~420~400 Ma未变形块状S型花岗岩为主(图1),如江西丰顶山黑云母花岗岩(402 Ma;张菲菲等,2010)、广西乐安二长花岗岩(409 Ma;张芳荣等,2009)、福建玮埔花岗岩(419 Ma;陈正宏等,2008),云开那蓬黑云母花岗岩(418 Ma;王江海等,1998)、湖南彭公庙和苗儿山黑云母花岗岩(405 Ma和400 Ma;Zhang et al.,2012)等。同时,地壳伸展作用还导致武夷山和武功山高级变质带隆升并伴随退变质和张扭性韧性剪切作用,高精度SHRIMP锆石U-Pb和云母40Ar/39Ar指示后造山隆升、退变质和张扭性剪切作用形成于~420~385 Ma(舒良树等,1999;Faure et al.,2009;Li et al.,2010)。综上所述,华南早古生代陆内造山后期的伸展松弛作用发生于~420~385 Ma,主要表现为后造山花岗岩形成、张扭性韧性剪切和退变质作用。之后,晚泥盆纪砾岩呈角度不整合广泛覆盖在整个华南大陆上,形成统一的中国南方沉积体系和古地理格局(舒良树,2006)。
湖南东部宏夏桥和板杉铺岩体分别由黑云母花岗闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩组成,它们的锆石均呈无核具强烈韵律震荡环带结构,为典型岩浆成因。LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,宏夏桥岩体形成于 423~421 Ma,板杉铺岩体形成于422~421 Ma。地球化学特征显示这两个岩体均为壳源型准铝质-过铝质花岗岩,它们的形成与早古生代华南地壳缩短加厚和部分熔融作用相关。综合区域岩浆和变形变质年代学资料,本文将华南早古生代陆内挤压造山事件和后造山伸展松弛事件的时间分别限定在~460~420 Ma和~420~385 Ma。
陈正宏,李寄嵎,谢佩珊,曾雯,周汉文.2008.利用EMP独居石定年法探讨浙闽武夷山地区变质基底岩石与花岗岩的年龄[J].高校地质学报,14(1):1-15.
关义立,袁超,龙晓平,王毓婧,张运迎,黄宗莹.2013.华南地块东部早古生代的陆内造山作用:来自 I型花岗岩的启示[J].大地构造与成矿学,74(4):698-720.
郭令智,俞剑华,施央申.1965.华南加里东地槽褶皱区大地构造发展的基本特征:中国大地构造问题[M].北京:科学出版社:165-183.
湖南省地质矿产局.1998.湖南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社:1-543.
李怀坤,耿建珍,郝爽,张永清,李惠民.2009.用激光烧蚀多接收器等离子体质谱仪(LA-MC-ICPMS)测定锆石 U-Pb同位素年龄的研究[J].矿物学报,(增刊):600-601.
李建华,张岳桥,徐先兵,李海龙,董树文,李廷栋.2014.湖南白马山龙潭超单元、瓦屋塘花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),44(1):158-175.
刘锐,张利,周汉文,钟增球,曾雯,向华,靳松,吕新前,李春忠.2008.闽西北加里东期混合岩及花岗岩的成因:同变形地壳深熔作用[J].岩石学报,24(6):1205-1222.
舒良树,卢华复,贾东,夏菲,福赫.1999.华南武夷山早古生代构造事件的40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄研究[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),35(6):668-674.
舒良树.2006.华南前泥盆纪构造演化:从华夏地块到加里东期造山带[J].高校地质学报,12(4):418-431.
王江海,孙大中,常向阳,邓尚贤,张湖,周汉文.1998.云开地块西北缘那蓬岩体的锆石 U-Pb年龄[J].矿物学报,2:130-133.
熊小松,高锐,李秋生,卢占武,王海燕,李文辉,管烨.2009.深地震探测揭示的华南地区莫霍面深度[J].地球学报,30(6):774-786.
徐克勤,刘英俊,俞受均,王鹤年,魏秀喆.1960.江西南部加里东期花岗岩的发现[J].地质论评,20(3):112-114.
徐先兵,张岳桥,舒良树,贾东,王瑞瑞,许怀智.2009.闽西南玮埔岩体和赣南菖蒲混合岩锆石 LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学:对武夷山加里东运动时代的制约[J].地质论评,55(2):277-285.
许德如,陈广浩,夏斌,李鹏春,贺转利.2006.湘东地区板杉铺加里东期埃达克质花岗闪长岩的成因及地质意义[J].高校地质学报,12(4):507-521.
尹福光,许效松,万方,陈明.2001.华南地区加里东期前陆盆地演化过程中的沉积响应[J].地球学报,22(5):425-428.
于津海,周新民,O’REILLY S Y,赵蕾,GRIFFIN W L,王汝成,王丽娟,陈小明.2005.南岭东段基底麻粒岩相变质岩的形成时代和原岩性质:锆石的 U-Pb-Hf同位素研究[J].科学通报,50(16):1758-1767.
张芳荣,舒良树,王德滋,于津海,沈渭洲.2009.华南东段加里东期花岗岩类形成构造背景探讨[J].地学前缘,16(1):248-260.
张菲菲,王岳军,范蔚茗,张爱梅,张玉芝.2010.湘东-赣西地区早古生代晚期花岗岩体的 LA-ICPMS锆石 U-Pb定年研究[J].地球化学,39(5):414-426.
张苑,舒良树,陈祥云.2011.华南早古生代花岗岩的地球化学、年代学及其成因——以赣中南为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,41(8):1061-1079.
张岳桥,董树文,李建华,崔建军,施炜,苏金宝,李勇.2012.华南中生代大地构造研究新进展[J].地球学报,33(3):257-279.
张岳桥,徐先兵,贾东,舒良树.2008.华南早中生代从印支期碰撞构造体系向燕山期俯冲构造体系转换的形变记录[J].地学前缘,16(1):234-247.
ANDERSEN T.2002.Correction of common lead in U-Pb analyses that do not report204Pb[J].Chemical Geology,192:59-79.
ATHERTON M P,PETFORD N.1993.Generation of sodium-rich magmas from newly underplated basaltic crust[J].Nature,362:144-146.
CARTER A,ROQUES D,BRISTOW C.2001.Understanding Mesozoic accretion in Southeast Asia:Significance of Triassic thermotectonism (Indosinian Orogen) in Vietnam[J].Geology,29(3):211-214.
CHARVET J,SHU Liang-shu,FAURE M,CHOULET F,WANG Bo,LU Hua-fu,BRETON N L.2010.Structural development of the Lower Paleozoic belt of South China:Genesis of an intracontinental orogen[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,39:309-330.
CHARVET J.2013.The Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the South China Block:An overview[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,74:198-209.
CHEN Cheng-Hong,LEE Chi-yu,HSIEH Pei-shan,ZENG Wen,ZHOU Han-wen.2008.Approaching the Age Problem for Some Metamorphosed Precambrian Basement Rocks and Phanerozoic Granitic Bodies in the Wuyishan Area:The Application of EMP Monazite Age Dating[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,14(1):115(in Chinese with English abstract).
FAURE M,SHU Liang-shu,WANG Bo,CHARVET J,CHOULET F,MONIé P.2009.Intracontinental subduction:a possible mechanism for the Early Paleozoic Orogen of SE China[J].Terra Nova,21:360-368.
FAURE M,SUN Y,SHU Liang-shu,MONIÉ P,CHARVET J.1996.Extensional tectonics within a subduction- type orogen:the case study of the Wugongshan dome (Jiangxi Province,southeastern China)[J].Tectonophysics,263:77-106.
GUAN Yi-li,YUAN Chao,LONG Xiao-ping,WANG Yu-qing,ZHANG Yun-ying,HUANG Zong-ying.2013.Early Paleozoic Intracontinental Orogeny of the Eastern South China Block:Evidence from I-type Granitic Plutons in the SE Yangtze Block[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,37(4):698-720(in Chinese with English abstract).
GUO Ling-zhi,YU Jian-hua,SHI Yang-shen.1965.Main features of tectonic development of Caledonian period folded geosynclines,South China in Geotectonic Problems of China[M].Beijing:Science Press:165-183(in Chinese).
HARRIS N B W,IGNER S.1992.Trace Element Modeling of Pelite-derived Granites[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,110:46-56.
Hunan Bureau of Geological and Mineral Resources.1988.Monograph on the Regional Geology of Hunan Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese with English abstract).
JOHNSTON S T,THORKELSON D J.1997.Cocos-Nazca slab window beneath central America[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,146(3-4):465-474.
LI Huai-kun,GENG Jian-zhen,HAO Shuang,ZHANG Yong-qing,LI Hui-min.2009.A new study on using LA-MC-ICPMS method to date zircon U-Pb isotopic age[J].Acta Minalogica Sinica,(supp):600-601(in Chinese).
LI Jian-hua,ZHANG Yue-qiao,DONG Shu-wen,JOHNSTON S T.2014.Cretaceous tectonic evolution of South China:a preliminary synthesis[J].Earth-Science Reviews,134:98-136.
LI Jian-hua,ZHANG Yue-qiao,DONG Shu-wen,LI Hai-long.2012.Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic deformation history of the Yuanma Basin,central South China[J].Tectonophysics,570-571:163-183.
LI Jian-hua,ZHANG Yue-qiao,DONG Shu-wen,SHI Wei.2013a.Structural and geochronological constraints on the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the North Dabashan zone,South Qinling,central China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,64:99-114.
LI Jian-hua,ZHANG Yue-qiao,DONG Shu-wen,SU Jin-bao,LI Yong,CUI Jian-jun,SHI Wei.2013b.The Hengshan low angle normal fault zone:structural and geochronological constraints on the Late Mesozoiccrustal extension in South China[J].Tectonophysics,606:97-115.
LI Jian-Hua,ZHANG Yue-qiao,XU Xian-bing,LI Hai-long,DONG Shu-wen,LI Ting-dong.2014.SHRIMP U-Pb Dating of Zircons from the Baimashan Longtan Super-unit and Wawutang Granites in Hunan Province and Its Geological Implication[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,41(1):158-175(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Xian-hua.1991.Geochronology of Wanyangshan-Zhuguangshan granitoid batholith:implication for the crust development[J].Science in China(Series B),34(5):620-629.
LI Zheng-xiang,LI Xian-hua,KINNY P D,WANG J.1999.The breakup of Rodinia:did it start with a mantle plume beneath South China?[J].Earth Planetary Science Letters,173:171-181.
LI Zheng-xiang,LI Xian-hua,WARTHO J A,CLARK C,LI Wu-xian,ZHANG Chuan-lin,BAO Chao-min.2010.Magmatic and metamorphic events during the Early Paleozoic Wuyi-Yunkai Orogeny,southeastern South China:new age constraints and P-T conditions[J].GSA Bulletin,122(5-6):772-793.
LI Zheng-xiang,LI Xian-hua,ZHOU Han-wen,KINNY P D.2002.Grevillian continental collision in South China:New SHRIMP U-Pb zircon results and implications for the configuration of Rodinia[J].Geology,30:163-166.
LIU Rui,ZHANG Li,ZHOU Han-wen,ZHONG Zeng-qiu,ZENG Wen,XIANG Hua,JIN Song,LÜ Xin-qian,LI Chun-zhong.2008.Petrogenesis of the Caledonian migmatites and related granites in northwestern Fujian Province,South China:syndeformational crustal anatexis[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24:1205-1222(in Chinese with English abstract).
LUDWIG K R.2003.ISOPLOT 3.00:A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel[M].Berkeley:Berkeley Geochromology Center Special Publication.
MARTIN H.1999.Adakitic magmas modern analogues of Archean granitoids[J].Lithos,46:411-429.
QIU Y M,GAO S,MCNAUGHTON N J,GROVES D I,LING W L.2000.First evidence of N3.2 Ga continental crust in the Yangtze craton of south China and its implications for Archean crustal evolution and Phanerozoic tectonics[J].Geology,28:1114.
SHU Liang-shu,JAHN Bor-ming,CHARVET J,SANTOSH M,WANG B,XU X S,JIANG S Y.2014.Early Paleozoic depositional environment and intraplate tectono-magmatism in the Cathaysia Block (South China):Evidence from Stratigraphic,structural,geochemical and geochronological investigations[J].American Journal of Science,314:154-186.
SHU Liang-shu,LU Hua-fu,JIA Dong,CHARVET J,FAURE M.1999.Study of the40Ar/39Ar isotopic age for the early Paleozoic tectonothermal event in the Wuyishan region,South China[J].Journal of Nanjing University (natural sciences),35(6):659-674(in Chinese with English abstract).
SHU Liang-shu.2006.Pre-Devonian tectonic evolution of South China:from Cathaysia Block to Caledonian folded orogenic belt[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,12(4):418-431(in Chinese with English abstract).
TING W K.1929.The orogenic movement in China[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of China,8(1):151-170.
WAN Yu-sheng,LIU Dun-yi,WILDE S M,CAO Jian-jin,CHEN Bin,DONG Chuan-yan,SONG Biao,DU Li-lin.2010.Evolution of the Yunkai terrane,South China:evidence from-SHRIMP zirconU-Pb dating,geochemistry and Nd isotope[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,37:140-153.
WAN Yu-sheng,LIU Dun-yi,XU Mei-hui,ZHUANG Jian-min,SONG Biao,SHI Yu-ruo,DU Li-lin.2007.SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks in Northwestern Fujian,Cathaysia block,China:tectonic implications and the need to redefine lithostratigraphic units[J].Gondwana Research,12(1-2):166-183.
WANG Jiang-hai,SUN Da-zhong,CHANG Xiang-yang,DENG Shang-xian,ZHANG Hu,ZHOU Han-wen.1998.U-Pb dating of the Napeng granite at the NW margin of the Yunkai block,Guangdong,South China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,18(2):130-133(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Xiao-lei,ZHOU Jin-cheng,GRIFFIN W L,WANG Ru-cheng,QIU Jian-sheng,REILLY S Y O,XU Xiao-ming,ZHANG Gui-lin.2007b.Detrital zircon geochronology of Precambrian basement sequences in the Jiangnan orogen:Dating the assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks[J].Precambrian Research,159:117-131.
WANG Yue-jun,FAN Wei-ming,ZHAO Guo-chun,JI Shao-cheng,PENG Tou-ping.2007a.Zircon U-Pb geochronology of gneissic rocks in the Yunkai massif and its implications on the Caledonian event in the South China Block[J].Gondwana Research,12:404-416.
WANG Yue-jun,ZHANG Ai-mei,FAN Wei-ming,ZHAO Guo-chun,ZHANG Guo-wei,ZHANG Fei-fei,ZHANG Yu-zhi,LI San-zhong.2011.Kwangsian crustal anatexis within the eastern South China Block:geochemical,zircon U–Pb geochronological and Hf isotopic fingerprints from the gneissoid granites of Wugong and Wuyi–Yunkai Domains[J].Lithos,127:239-260.
WANG Yue-jun,ZHANG Yan-hua,FAN Wei-ming,PENG Tou-ping.2005.Structural signatures and40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Indosinian Xuefengshan transpressive belt,South China Interior[J].Journal of Structural Geology,27:985-998.
WU Yuan-bao,ZHENG Yong-fei.2004.Genesis of zircon and its constraints on interpretation of U-Pb age[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,49:1554-1469.
XIONG Xiao-song,GAO Rui,LI Qiu-sheng,LU Zhan-wu,WANG Hai-yan,LI Wen-hui,GUAN Ye.2009.The Moho Depth of South China Revealed by Seismic Probing[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,33(3):774-786(in Chinese with English abstract).
XU De-ru,CHEN Guang-hao,XIA Bin,HE Zhuan-li.2006.The Caledonian adakite-like granodiorites in Banshanpu Area,eastern Hunan Provinces,South China:petrogenesis and geological significance[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,12(4):507-521(in Chinese with English abstract).
XU Ke-qin,LIU Ying-jun,YU Shou-jun,WANG He-nian,WEI Xiu-zhe.1960.Discovery of granites of the Caledonian age in southern Kiangsi[J].Geological Review,20(3):112-114(in Chinese).
XU Xian-bing,ZHANG Yue-qiao,SHU Liang-shu,JIA Dong,XU Huai-zhi.2009.Zircon La-ICPMS U-Pb dating of the Weipu granitic pluton in southwest Fujian and the Changpu migmatite in south Jiangxi:constrains to the timing of Caledonian movement in Wuyi mountains[J].Geological Review,55(2):277-285(in Chinese with English abstract).
YANG Dong-sheng,LI Xian-hua,LI Wu-xian,LIANG Xin-quan,LONG Wen-guo,XIONG Xiao-lin.2010.U-Pb and40Ar-39Ar geochronology of the Baiyunshan gneiss (central Guangdong,south China):constraints on the timing of early Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonothermal events in the Wuyun (Wuyi-Yunkai)Orogen[J].Geological Magazine,147:481-496.
YIN Fu-guang,XU Xiao-song,WAN Fang,CHEN Ming.2001.The Sedimentary Response to the Evolutionary Process of Caledonian Foreland Basin System in South China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,22(5):425-428(in Chinese with English abstract).
YU Jin-hai,O'REILLY S Y,ZHOU Mei-fu,GRIFFIN W L,WANG Li-juan.2012.U-Pb geochronology and Hf-Nd isotopic geochemistry of the Badu Complex,Southeastern China:implications for the Precambrian crustal evolution and paleogeography of the Cathaysia Block[J].Precambrian Research,222-223:424-449.
ZENG Wen,ZHANG Li,ZHOU Han-wen,ZHONG Zeng-qiu,XIANG Hua,LIU Rui,JIN Song,LI Chun-zhong.2008.Caledonian reworking of Paleoproterozoic basement in the Cathaysia Block:Constraints from zircon U-Pb dating,Hf isotopes and trace elements[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,53(6):895-904.
ZHANG Fang-rong,SHU Liang-shu,WANG De-zi,YU Jin-hai,SHEN Wei-zhou.2009.Discussion on the tectonic setting of Caledonian granitoids in the eastern segment of South China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,16(1):248-260(in Chinese with with English abstract).
ZHANG Fei-fei,WANG Yue-jun,FAN Wei-ming,ZHANG Ai-mei,ZHANG Yu-zhi,ZI Jian-wei.2012.Geochronological and geochemical constraints on petrogenesis of the Middle Paleozoic (Kwangsian) massive granites in the eastern South China Block[J].Lithos,150:188-208.
ZHANG Fei-fei,WANG Yue-jun,FAN Wei-ming,ZHANG Ai-mei,ZHANG Yu-zhi.2010.LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb geochronology of late Early Paleozoic granites in eastern Hunan and western Jiangxi provinces,South China[J].Geochimica,39(5):414-426(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Yuan,SHU Liang-shu,CHEN Xiang-yun.2011.Study of geochemistry,geochronology and petrogenesis of the Early Paleozoic granitic plutons in the central-southern Jiangxi Province[J].Science in China (Earth Sciences),54:1492-1510(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Yue-qiao,DONG Shu-wen,LI Jian-hua,CUI Jian-jun,SU Jin-bao,LI Yong.2012.The New Progress in the Study of Mesozoic Tectonics of South China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,33(3):257-279(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Yue-qiao,XU Xian-bing,JIA Dong,SHU Liang-shu.2008.Deformation record of the change from Indosinian collision related tectonic system to Yanshanian subduction2related tectonic system in South China during the Early Mesozoic[J].Earth Science Frontiers,16(1):234-247(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHOU Mei-fu,YAN Dan-ping,KENNEDY A K,LI Yun-qian,DING Jun.2002.SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronological and geochemical evidence for Neoproterozoic arc-magmatism along the western margin of the Yangtze Block,South China[J].Earth and Planetary Science,196(1-2):51-67.