阿尔卡比德希社保综合楼，卡斯凯什，葡萄牙

建筑设计：格德斯·克鲁斯建筑事务所

阿尔卡比德希社保综合楼，卡斯凯什，葡萄牙

Social Complex in Alcabideche，Cascais，Portugal，2012

建筑设计：格德斯·克鲁斯建筑事务所

Architects: Guedes Cruz Arquitectos

1 鸟瞰/Aerial view

阿尔卡比德希区社保综合楼位于里斯本都市区的卡斯凯什市，总建筑面积约10，000m2。它的目标是创造一种新的都市生活方式，使室外的街道、广场和花园空间成为建筑本体的一种延伸。

建筑群于2012年竣工，有52座住宅（老年夫妇的居住单元）和一栋服务楼，其中是社交区、有独立房间的护理区和卧床患者区。

连接部分的模数为7.5m，并与梅迪纳市一样有宽窄各异的街道，让步行者能在白天享受住宅带来的阴凉，晚上又能有灯光的指引。

在发生紧急情况时，住户可以启动警报，通知中央楼控制室。方盒子屋顶的灯光也会变化，使由白色变成红色。

最终方案取决于建筑造型的效果或所选系统和材料的实际功效。

住宅的造型有一个裸露的混凝土核，再由“糙”木条构成居住区、起居室和厨房、卧室和卫生间。还有一个盒子，它的树脂玻璃材料具有独特的性质：（白色的）能反射阳光，不透水，抗火抗风化，（半透明的）还能透光。

住宅单元能保持室内温度的原因在于白盒子屋顶的反射特性，以及树脂玻璃盒子与混凝土基座之间空气层的热功效。

中央楼也采用同样的模式和原则，并有日常生活所需的全部设施。

它有光伏电厂的发电系统，以此为住宅的居住区供电。（尚晋 译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑师/Principal Architects: José Guedes Cruz，César Marques，Marco Martínez Marinho

合作者/Collaborators: Patrícia Maria Matos，Nelson Aranha，João Simões，Isabel Granes

发起人/Promoter: Fundação Social do Quadro Bancário

结构/Structure: PPE

特殊装置/Special Installations: Espaço Energia

景观设计/Landscape Architecture: Paula Botas

联合承建方/Construction Consortium: FDO + JOFEBAR

监理/Supervision: Mace

功能/Program: 老年住宅/Elderly people's residence

场地面积/Site Area: 12，876m2

总建筑面积/Total Floor Area: 9956m2

住宅单元面积/Area of Each Housing Unit: 53m2

总住宅面积/Total Area of Housing Units: 2756m2

主楼面积/Area of the Main Building: 地上/Above ground: 2700m2，地下/Below ground: 4500m2，总面积/Total: 7200m2

摄影/Photos: Ricardo Oliveira Alves

2 步行流线与住宅单元能耗图解/Graphical scheme of energetic efficiency of housing units and pedestrian connections of the units to the central building

3 住宅单元之间的通道/Circulation between the housing units

Located in Cascais，in the metropolitan area of Lisbon，the Social Complex of Alcabideche with a total construction area of approximately 10，000m2aims to reconstitute a Mediterranean life style in which the outdoor spaces of streets，plazas and gardens are like an extension of the house itself.

Completed in 2012，the project comprises 52 houses （housing units intended for elderly couples）and a main support building that houses the social areas，a nursing area with individual rooms and an area for bedridden patients.

The connective layout with a modulation of 7.5m has，as in a medina，streets of different widths reserved for pedestrians，who enjoy the shade protection provided by the houses in the daytime and are guided by the house light at night.

In the event of an emergency，users can activate an alarm that alerts the control station located in the central building； the box-shaped roof's light changes，and the large white box turns red.

The final solutions depend on the effectiveness of the architectural form or on the actual efficiency of the selected systems and materials used.

The houses are formed by a nucleus of exposed concrete，with a "rough" formwork of wooden lathes that house the habitable area，living room and kitchen，bedroom and bathroom. The box-shaped roof's Plexiglas material has specific characteristics: reflecting the sun's rays when it is white，impermeable，weather-and fireresistant while allowing the light in when it is translucent.

The stabilization of interior temperature is due to the reflective properties of the white roof box and the thermal efficiency of the air cushion created between the Plexiglas box and the concrete base.

The central building，following the same modelling and principles，contains all of the common services necessary for proper functioning and quality of living. It includes electricity production systems and a photovoltaic plant that supply the habitable areas of the residence.

4 双层住宅单元/Double housing unit

5 带水池的住宅单元/Housing unit with outdoor pool6 中央楼接待厅/Reception hall，central building7 中央楼公共卫生间/Public sanitary facilities，central building8 住宅单元平面、立面、剖面与构造细部/Plan，section，elevation and construction detail，housing unit.

评论

刘燕辉：这个位于葡萄牙滨海城市的小型建筑群以独特的手法创造性地解读了新时代老龄社区的场所精神。建筑群的设计通过对内部街巷以及居住单元的模数探索，保留了城区的旧有尺度，以文脉的延续唤起居住者旧时的记忆。阳光下粗糙的混凝土基座与轻盈的树脂玻璃上盖形成了鲜明的对比，静谧而富有朝气，为老年住户营造出充满活力的诗意空间。夜间半透明屋顶发出柔和的白光，为住户出行提供了便利；而当紧急情况发生时，屋顶灯光的颜色可由白变红以便发出求救信号，这一设计充分将使用群体的功能性诉求融入建筑中。刘玉龙：建筑组团以一种理性的格网体系布局和纯净的现代主义形式构成，几乎相同的立方体组成宽宽窄窄的街道，中间是尺度较大的护理楼，形成空间的核心（landmark）。建筑采用素混凝土外墙，模板的肌理给人以可触感，凹进的混凝土数字编号在形式上映射了规划的理性。建筑顶部的白色树脂给整个社区增加了一种漂浮感，特别是当某一座建筑物因为居住者呼叫而变成红色的时候，更彰显了整个社区的机器美学的偏好，但是否也同时带来了整个社区居住者的紧张和不安？住在这里，需要历经人生百态而心静如水。

9 中央楼室外休闲区/Outdoor recreation area，central building

10 住宅单元室外夜景/Outdoor night view of housing units

11 中央楼小教堂/Chapel at central building

Comments

LIU Yanhui: The small building complex，located in a coastal city of Portugal，interprets the modern community for elderly people in a unique and innovative way. The design explores the modules of interior streets，lanes and residential units，and maintains the former dimensions of the districts so as to arouse old memories in the residents through continuity of traditions. In the sunlight，the coarse concrete pedestals form a sharp contrast to the light，resin glass cover； the serene yet vital atmosphere creates a vigorously poetic space for elderly residents. At night，the soft，white light reflected from the translucent roof provides convenience for residents to go around，whereas in cases of emergency，the light turns red to send out SOS signals.With this approach，functional demands of the user group are fully incorporated into the architectural design. LIU Yulong: The building cluster is composed within a rational grid system and a modernistic form. Streets of various widths are formed by cubic houses which look almost identical. At the center is the nursing building，which is of a larger scale and serves as a core landmark of the entire space. The casting texture of the exposed concrete walls gives people a sense of tactility，while the incised concrete numbers give expression to the rational planning at a design level. The white resinemulsion paint at the upper part of the buildings gives the whole community a sense of suspension. The penchant for a machine aesthetics is especially expressed when a certain building turns red at the resident's emergency call. However，would it not at the same time cause nervousness among the residents of the whole community？ Living here，people would probably need to experience all sorts of vicissitudes of life yet still stay calm.