南京新殡仪馆，南京，江苏，中国

建筑设计： 朱雷，龚恺Architects： ZHU Lei， GONG Kai

南京新殡仪馆，南京，江苏，中国

建筑设计： 朱雷，龚恺
Architects： ZHU Lei， GONG Kai

南京殡仪馆搬迁项目工程（又称“1231工程”）被纳入南京市2010年“十大民生工程”。新殡仪馆占地约23hm2，建筑面积50，000m2（含骨灰纪念堂10，000m2）。新馆馆址位于南京市雨花台区铁心桥街道马家店村西天寺墓园以南，大周路（京沪高铁）以北，基地主要为丘陵地带，三面环山。

设计力图实现功能性和精神性的双重目标。应对特殊地形条件限制，采取“地景式”的设计策略，将建筑介入地形，也将地形引入建筑。借助地形的分化，安置功能模块，一方面结合自然生态，减少土方工程；另一方面则借山取势，提升精神内涵。

在上述目标和策略的引导下，最终形成“一条主轴，三段序列”的总体格局。“一条主轴”沿三面环山的地形纵向伸展，借山取势，以现代建筑的处理方式回应中国殡葬文化的传统，凸显“以山为寝”的场地形式和空间意境。“三段序列”在主轴上渐次展开，以呼应地形变化，满足功能需求：第一段序列面临外部道路，衔接两侧山脚，起“悼念台”；第二段序列架于中间山谷之上，接于两翼山腰之间，设“守灵桥”；第三段序列环于后部主峰之周，留出自然山巅，成“纪念环”。

悼念台

悼念台位于轴线开端，临道路，衔山脚而起，主要布置大-中-小各类悼念厅，台下和台后藏有部分生产服务功能。悼念台整体平面呈环形发散，台前留出休息廊和悼念广场，可供大量人流集散；广场东侧布置有开敞的业务厅，与悼念台相连。登台而上，可望后方的守灵桥、纪念环和自然峰巅。

守灵桥

过悼念台，即到守灵桥。此处建筑主体架于中间山谷之上，接于两翼山腰之间，故称“守灵桥”，主要布置为守灵间。桥下两侧架空，留出景观绿化及人行和车行交通。桥后为等灰区，再往后经道路相隔，局部掩于主峰之下，安置火化生产部分。从中部门厅上到守灵桥，前观守灵广场和悼念台，后瞻纪念环及自然山体，建筑壮美，环境静谧，涤荡心灵。

纪念环

纪念环相对独立，位于主轴线尽端，环于自然峰巅之周，为骨灰堂。骨灰堂下部结构接于山体，呈放射状，引导人流拾阶而上，并于外侧形成大小不同的扇形存放区和接待区；骨灰堂上层为环形结构，架于下部结构之上，外圈纳屋顶天光而入。整个纪念环内侧依山而设，呈台阶状，上下连通，背靠山体部分预留为纪念墙（相关部门已在此安置城市英烈墙）。顺台梯而上，出骨灰堂，向外可望周匝全貌；环内则是自然山巅，依旧青松蔼蔼。

在主轴线下部和后部，结合地形和功能需要，适当安排生产区域，以高压线为界，分前后两块，以地下通道相连。其中火化区位于后部，处于整体地块的下风区，并利用西北侧的地形凹口形成排风道。主轴线东侧，留出相对独立和安静的办公管理区域。

整体布局考虑到分区合理与远近期结合，在用地北侧、西侧和东南侧预留一定发展空间，保留功能拓展的潜力。□

项目信息/Credits and Data

项目负责人/Project Directors： 朱雷，齐昉/ZHU Lei， QI Fang

场地面积/Site Area： 23hm2

建筑面积/Floor Area： 50，000m2

建造时间/Construction Period： 2010-2012

1 总平面/General plan

2 从业务厅望悼念台/View of tribute stand

3 守灵桥/Wake bridge

The relocation project of Nanjing Funeral Parlor （also known as the "1231 Project"） was part of Nanjing's "Ten Major Livelihood Projects" in 2010. The new funeral parlor covers an area of about 23 hectares with 50，000-square meter floor area （including 10，000-square meter Ash Memorial Hall）. The new parlor is located to the south of Xitiansi Cemetery in Majiadian Village， Tiexinqiao Street，Yuhuatai District， Nanjing， and to the north of Dazhou Road （Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway）. The project site is mainly on hilly terrain surrounded by mountains on three sides.

The design aims to achieve both goals of functionality and spirituality. Responding to the constraints of the special terrain condition， a "landscape style" design strategy was adopted to blend the architecture and the topography into each other. Functional blocks were arranged according to the division of the terrain. On the one hand， natural ecology was considered to reduce earthworks； on the other hand， hilly terrain was used to enhance the spiritual connotation.

Under the guidance of the above objectives and strategies， the overall layout of "one axis， three series" is formed. "One axis" extends longitudinally on the terrain surrounded by mountains on three sides. Taking advantage of the hilly terrain， modern architectural approaches are adopted to respond to the traditional Chinese funeral culture， highlighting the site topography and spatial concept to make "hill as bedroom". The "Three series" extend one after another along the axis in light with the terrain changes to meet the functional requirements： the first series faces external road and links the foothills on both sides， where the "Tribute Stand" was built；the second series is set up in the middle of the valley between two wings halfway up the hills， where the "Wake Bridge" was erected； the third series loops around the main peak at the back keeping the mountain top intact to form a "Memorial Ring".

1. Tribute Stand

The Tribute Stand is located at the starting point of the axis， facing the road and connected to the foothill. It is composed of mainly large， medium and small-sized memorial halls， with production and service space hidden beneath and in the back of the stand. The plan of the entire stand is in ring shape and radiating out. There are rest porch and tribute square in front of the stand to accommodate large crowds of people. To the east of the square，a spacious service hall is connected to the tribute stand. Stepping on top of the stand， one can have a good view of the Wake Bridge， the Memorial Hall and the natural peak in the back.

2. Wake Bridge

The Wake Bridge is located behind the Tribute Stand. It is set in the middle of the valley between two wings halfway up the hills， hence the name "Wake Bridge"， with mainly rooms to keep the coffin. The bridge is raised up on both sides leaving space for greenery and landscape， as well as pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Behind the bridge， it is the waiting area for the ashes - further back， separated by the road and partly hidden beneath the main peak is the area for cremation production. Going up the Wake Bridge from the lobby in the middle，one can see the Wake Square and the Tribute Stand at front and the Memorial Ring and the natural mountain in the back. The magnificent buildings and the serene atmosphere help cleanse the soul.

3. Memorial Ring

The Memorial Ring is relatively isolated， lying at the far end of the main axis and circling around the natural mountain top， functioning as the Ash Hall. The bottom structure of the Ash Hall is connected to the mountain in radiating form， guiding the crowds up the steps. Various sizes of fan-shaped storage and reception areas are arranged on the outer side. The upper annular structure of the Ash Hall is built on top of the bottom structure and the outer loop captures day light from the roof. The inner side of the entireMemorial Ring sits into the mountain as steps， with upper and bottom levels connected to each other. A memorial wall is reserved at the space against the mountain at the back （related authority has placed the city's martyr wall there）. Going up along the steps and exiting the Ash Hall， one can have a panoramic view of the overall setting； inside the ring lies the natural mountain top covered with verdant pines.

In the bottom and back parts of the main axis，coordinated with the site topography and functional needs， production areas are appropriately arranged. A high-voltage corridor divides this area into two parts， front and rear， which are connected by an underground passage. The cremation area is located in the rear which is the downwind area of the entire site， and a valley in the northwest is used as an exhaust passage. To the east of the main axis， an office management area is located in this relatively independent and quiet part.

The overall layout arranges various zones properly and combines long-term and short-term development plans. Spaces are reserved in the north，west and southeast areas of the site for potential expansion and development in the future.□

4 纪念环/Memorial ring

5 纪念环剖面/Sections of memorial ring

评论

胡越：对于殡仪建筑来说，这是一组规模庞大的建筑群。设计师在功能需求与地形之间取得了某种平衡。如果按照某种惯性思维去考虑，似乎国内这类建筑经常呈现出一种不恰当的中国传统建筑形态或者某种中国式的欧陆风情，这个设计却采用了一种适当的现代风格将这类建筑设计得恰如其分。

周渐佳：南京新殡仪馆所代表的是另一种宏大的叙事。与其他几个小型项目相比，它本身展现出的在建筑序列上的清晰性更接近于中国人对纪念性空间的理解，“一轴三环”中出现的单纯有力的几何体量进一步加深了这种印象。也是这些巨大的几何体量将原先殡仪馆内的功能进行拆解与整合，将流线拉长，以一种叙事的方式完成整个仪式。在这里，由轴线开始的整个序列的体验是极为重要的，它既使对空间的感受不断变化，也强化了行走本身所经历的时间感，同时伴随着山势、景观与建筑相互交映。

Comments

HU Yue: In comparison to the typical funeral home typology， this is a huge architectural complex. The designers have also managed to achieve a balance between functional requirements and topography. From this perspective， it is a well-designed funeral home which adopts an appropriately modern style， differing from other similar buildings in China that present either an inappropriate traditional Chinese architectural form or some kind of hybrid Chinese-European style.

ZHOU Jianjia: This project is grounded on a grand narrative. Compared to the other relatively small projects， the explicit rises and sequences seen here are more in tune to how the Chinese understand monumental spaces. The powerful geometric forms in this "one axis three rings" composition further consolidate this understanding. In these grand volumes， the program of the former funeral home is restructured， and its circulation is prolonged； likewise， the ritual now follows a sense of linear narrative. Walking up the axis allows a constant experience of different spaces and also a sense of the passage of time， accompanied with the interweaving of mountain scenes，landscape， and architecture.

Nanjing New Funeral Parlor， Nanjing， Jiangsu， China， 2012

6 火化间室内/Interior view of furnace room

7 殡葬管理处室内/Interior view of mortician office