王新 徐仲元 刘正宏 辛后田 白新会 王挽琼 时溢
摘要:德言其庙斜长角闪岩系位于内蒙古中部温都尔庙地区以东,构造位置处于华北板块北缘温都尔庙俯冲增生杂岩带内。对德言其庙斜长角闪岩系进行了地球化学分析和锆石SHRIMP UPb定年。结果表明:斜长角闪岩系SiO2质量分数为51.62%~55.60%,Al2O3为16.45%~1778%,全碱质量分数(4.5%~5.12%)较低;斜长角闪岩系具有钙碱性系列岩石地球化学特征,原岩为辉长质和辉长闪长质侵入岩;锆石n(206Pb)/n(238U)年龄加权平均值为(490.3±4.6)Ma;岩石富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素质量分数比值为5.93~7.73,Eu异常(0.84~1.05)不明显,具有明显的Nb、Ta负异常及Ti、P亏损,显示出其原岩具有消减带岩浆的特征,形成于岛弧构造环境。
关键词:斜长角闪岩系;俯冲增生杂岩;地球化学;锆石;UPb年龄;钙碱性系列;岛弧构造环境
中图分类号:P588.12;P597+.3文献标志码:A
Geochronological, Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance
of Deyanqimiao Amphibolite Series in Inner MongoliaWANG Xin1, XU Zhongyuan1, LIU Zhenghong1, XIN Houtian2,
BAI Xinhui1, WANG Wanqiong3, SHI Yi4
(1. School of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin, China; 2. Tianjin Institute of
Geology and Mineral Resources, Tianjin 300170, China; 3. School of Geoscience and Technology,
Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; 4. Shenyang Institute of
Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China)Abstract: Deyanqimiao amphibolite series is located in the eastern of Ondor Sum area, the central of Inner Mongolia. The structural location is in Ondor Sum subductionaccretionary complex zone, the northern margin of North China Plate. Geochemical characteristics and SHRIMP zircon UPb dating of Deyanqimiao amphibolite series were analyzed.The results show that mass fractions of SiO2 of amphibolite series are 5162%5560%, those of Al2O3 are 1645%1778%, total alkali mass fractions are low, reaching 450%512%; amphibolite series has the alcalkaline series geochemical characteristics, and the original rock is gabbroic and gabbrodioritic intrusive; zircon n(206Pb)/n(238U) weighted average age is (4903±46)Ma; light rare earth element is rich in amphibolite with on Eu anomaly (084105), the ratios of mass fractions of light and heavy rare earth elements are 593773; amphibolite has Nb, Ta obvious negative anomaly and Ti, P loss, so that the original rock has the characteristics of subduction belt magma, and forms in island arc tectonic environment.
Key words: amphibolite series; subductionaccretionary complex; geochemistry; zircon; UPb age; calcalkaline series; island arc tectonic environment0引言
内蒙古德言其庙地区出露了一套斜长角闪岩,这套斜长角闪岩引起了国内许多学者的关注。对于其成因和构造意义,主要认识有:王东方认为这套岩石为大洋拉斑玄武岩,是焊接在陆壳上的晚前寒武纪末古亚洲洋的洋壳,之后由于俯冲消减作用,拉斑玄武岩在挤压区域变质作用中变成了斜长角闪岩[1];胡骁等认为温都尔庙地区角闪岩相岩石的形成早于蛇绿岩岩石组合,为大洋拉斑玄武岩焊接在古陆边缘的地质体,可将其作为温都尔庙蛇绿岩岩石组合的基底岩石[2];吴泰然等认为德言其庙一带的深变质岩系是拉张过程中板底垫托的产物[3];许传诗通过对这套角闪质岩石和白乃庙群东北部的一套角闪质岩石进行比较,认为两地的角闪质岩石属于同一岩带,德言其庙斜长角闪岩为早于温都尔庙群蛇绿岩,焊接在大陆边缘的大洋拉斑玄武岩岩块,是白乃庙群岛弧火山沉积岩系基底[4]。本文对内蒙古德言其庙斜长角闪岩进行了详细的岩相学、地球化学和锆石SHRIMP UPb定年分析,并讨论其地质意义。
1区域地质背景
内蒙古德言其庙斜长角闪岩出露于温都尔庙地区以东德言其庙一带,构造位置处于华北板块北缘中段,林西断裂以南,赤峰—白云鄂博断裂以北,温都尔庙俯冲增生杂岩带内(图1),南邻华北板块,北邻索伦缝合带。温都尔庙俯冲增生杂岩带中发育了一套形成于俯冲带中的杂岩体,该杂岩体为内蒙古中部早古生代板块汇聚带上的一套特殊的岩石地层组合[3],主要由温都尔庙群、德言其庙斜长角闪岩、超基性岩块和奥长花岗岩组成,为古亚洲洋大洋板块俯冲消减的残留和岛弧岩浆活动的产物。温都尔庙群分为下部的桑达来呼都格组和上部的哈尔哈达组,为一套包含大洋洋壳、洋内弧等不同时代和成因的增生杂岩[512]。李承东等对温都尔庙群洋内弧变质安山岩及变质碎屑岩进行了锆石LAICPMS UPb 同位素测年,桑达来呼都格组上部洋内弧变质安山岩年龄为(470±2)Ma,哈尔哈达组碎屑岩锆石年龄主要集中在445~480 Ma,温都尔庙群蛇绿岩形成时代为477~497 Ma[13]。初航等认为温都尔庙群变质基性火山岩中的锆石来源复杂,多为基性岩浆从围岩或其他源区捕获的,锆石年龄变化从晚太古代到早中生代,最小年龄约为246 Ma[1415]。
研究区内出露的地质体主要有温都尔庙群,上石炭统阿木山组、本巴图组,德言其庙斜长角闪岩和晚奥陶世奥长花岗岩(年龄为(447.7±3.2)Ma[16])。德言其庙斜长角闪岩呈EW向带状展布,南北宽约2 km,东西长9 km。这套角闪类岩石被晚奥陶世奥长花岗岩侵入,奥长花岗岩与南侧的上石炭统阿木山组为断层接触。
2野外产状与岩相学特征
德言其庙角闪类岩石以斜长角闪岩为主,并有少量角闪斜长片麻岩。斜长角闪岩岩性变化不大,局部含有少量石英。斜长角闪岩中有斜长花岗岩和石英闪长岩,呈小岩枝或岩脉状产出,还见有碳酸盐化超基性岩捕虏体[图2(a)],捕虏体的存在代表了其原岩很可能为侵入岩。
斜长角闪岩[图2(b)]风化面为灰黑色,新鲜面为灰绿色—灰黑色,呈粒状变晶结构和块状构造。其主要矿物为斜长石,呈不规则粒状,粒度为0.3~0.7 mm,体积分数为45%~50%,多绢云母化;普通角闪岩呈绿色—浅黄绿色、不规则粒状,粒度为0.5~15 mm,体积分数为40%;黑云母呈褐色、片状,体积分数低于10%。副矿物主要为磁铁矿和磷灰石。
角闪斜长片麻岩[图2(c)、(d)]岩石风化面呈灰黑色,新鲜面呈灰黑色,为粒状片状变晶结构和片麻状构造。主要矿物为角闪岩、斜长石,还有少量辉石,局部见浅色矿物条带。角闪石粒度为2~4 mm,呈长柱状,体积分数为30%~35%;斜长石粒度为2~4 mm,呈板柱状,体积分数为40%~60%;少量辉石粒度为2~4 mm,呈短柱状,体积分数为5%~10%。
图(a)引自文献[17],有所修改
图1内蒙古德言其庙斜长角闪岩系构造位置及其空间分布
Fig.1Structural Location and Spatial Distribution of Deyanqimiao Amphibolite Series in Inner Mongolia图2德言其庙斜长角闪岩系宏观特征和显微特征
Fig.2Macroscopic and Microscopic Characteristics of Deyanqimiao Amphibolite Series3样品采集及分析方法
在内蒙古德言其庙地区采集了5块新鲜的斜长角闪岩和角闪斜长片麻岩样品(样品编号为BY19、BY20、BY21、BY23和JN20139,采样位置见图1)用于全岩分析,并选取其中一块样品(样品JN20139,经纬度为113°07′47″E,42°25′42″N)进行了锆石SHRIMP UPb定年分析。
主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的测定均在中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心实验室完成。主量元素采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)测定,微量元素和稀土元素采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(TJAPQExCell ICPMS)测定。锆石SHRIMP UPb定年在中国地质科学院北京离子探针中心完成。分析流程与Williams描述的类似[18]:一次离子流O2-强度为4~6 nA,束斑大小为25~30 μm。标准锆石TEM和M257分别用于n(206Pb)/n(238U)年龄和U、Th含量校正。标准锆石(TEM)和待测样品之比为1∶3,每个数据点测年采用5组扫描;使用实测204Pb进行普通铅年龄校正;采用SQUID 和ISOPLOT程序进行数据处理。单个数据误差为1σ,加权平均年龄误差为95%置信度。
4结果分析
4.1年代学特征
对内蒙古德言其庙斜长角闪岩进行锆石SHRIMP UPb定年,选取其中14颗锆石进行15个数据点分析(表1)。斜长角闪岩中的锆石呈不规则状,阴极发光图像中,锆石多数呈带状并且吸收条痕发育(图3)。15个锆石数据点的U含量(质量分数,下同)为(123~2 184)×10-6,w(Th)/w(U)值为0.23~0.91,表明锆石属于中基性岩浆成因[19]。大多数锆石测年结果投在年龄谐和曲线(图4)上,其中14颗锆石的n(206Pb)/n(238U)年龄集中在484~499 Ma,年龄加权平均值为(490.3±4.6)Ma(平均标准权重偏差(MSWD)为0.24),代表了德言其庙斜长角闪岩原岩的形成时代为晚寒武世。此外,有一颗锆石边部n(206Pb)/n(238U)年龄为463 Ma,这可能代表了后期改造年龄。
4.2主量元素
从表2可以看出:德言其庙斜长角闪岩系中w(SiO2)值为51.62%~55.60%;w(Al2O3)值较表1斜长角闪岩锆石UPb定年结果
Tab.1Zircon UPb Dating Results of Amphibolite测点号w(U)/
10-6w(Th)/
10-6w(Th)/
w(U)w(206Pb*)/
10-6N(207Pb*)/
N(206Pb*)n(207Pb*)/
n(235U)n(206Pb*)/
n(238U)n(206Pb)/
n(238U)年龄/MaN(207Pb)/
N(206Pb)年龄/Ma12 1841 6900.80149.000.06±1.40.62±2.20.08±1.7492.6±8.1460±3124512540.5830.900.05±2.60.58±3.40.08±2.2493.0±10.0330±5833622150.6124.600.06±2.20.65±2.80.08±1.8492.0±8.7598±4743112240.7521.300.06±4.10.64±4.60.08±2.1494.6±9.8526±9055964660.8141.200.06±2.10.64±2.80.08±1.8499.2±8.6510±4663572670.7724.500.06±3.60.63±4.00.08±1.9495.6±8.8488±7973332300.7122.500.06±3.90.60±4.30.08±1.9486.5±8.9442±8684924280.9033.000.06±2.70.62±3.30.08±1.8483.7±8.4522±5992961620.5620.000.06±3.90.64±4.30.08±1.9487.3±8.9556±84105743220.5838.900.06±1.80.64±2.50.08±1.8489.7±8.4562±39113861810.4925.900.06±3.00.63±3.50.08±1.8486.3±8.6556±6512160760.4910.800.06±4.30.61±4.80.08±2.0489.0±9.6445±96133191800.5821.600.05±3.00.59±3.50.08±1.9487.4±8.7397±6714.17826920.9152.800.06±1.50.62±2.30.08±1.8488.4±8.3484±3414.2123270.237.970.05±11.00.54±11.00.07±2.2462.6±9.9300±240注:w(·)为元素或化合物含量;N(·)/N(·)为同一元素同位素比值,N(·)为该元素的原子丰度;n(·)/n(·)为不同元素同位素比值,n(·)为元素的物质的量;206Pb*和207Pb*代表放射性成因铅同位素。
图3斜长角闪岩部分锆石阴极发光图像
Fig.3CL Images of Part Zircons of Amphibolite图4斜长角闪岩锆石UPb年龄谐和曲线和年龄分布
Fig.4Zircon UPb Concordia Diagram and Distribution of Ages of Amphibolite表2斜长角闪岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Tab.2Analysis Results of Major, Trace and
Rare Earth Elements of Amphibolite样品号BY19BY20BY21BY23JN20139w(SiO2)/%52.0752.0851.6255.4955.60w(Al2O3)/%17.7817.7517.6417.3016.45w(Fe2O3)/%9.939.719.548.718.69w(FeO)/%5.365.875.454.985.42w(MnO)/%0.170.160.160.140.15w(MgO)/%4.254.334.433.623.82w(TiO2)/%0.840.930.880.890.92w(CaO)/%8.018.817.877.546.54w(Na2O)/%3.463.423.723.363.27w(K2O)/%1.181.301.241.141.85w(P2O5)/%0.270.270.270.290.31烧失量/%1.821.152.191.441.81wtotal/%99.6199.7599.4099.7899.73Mg#值46 47 48 45 47w(La)/10-615.523.912.219.120.7w(Ce)/10-641.556.438.651.259.3w(Pr)/10-64.135.783.664.985.64w(Nd)/10-617.023.616.019.921.0w(Sm)/10-63.534.713.584.004.91w(Eu)/10-61.221.451.181.201.34w(Gd)/10-63.474.383.683.824.74w(Tb)/10-60.510.660.560.570.68w(Dy)/10-63.133.963.383.494.02w(Ho)/10-60.610.810.670.700.84w(Er)/10-61.692.221.931.952.39w(Tm)/10-60.280.350.300.300.36w(Yb)/10-61.652.261.831.902.21w(Lu)/10-60.250.340.270.290.34w(Cr)/10-63030204050w(Rb)/10-635.529.231.630.852.7w(Ba)/10-6628644711832977w(Th)/10-65.9511.955.7210.6514.05w(U)/10-60.842.261.271.452.11w(Ta)/10-60.40.80.50.70.7w(Nb)/10-67.012.59.013.116.4w(Sc)/10-625.427.828.526.127.0w(Sr)/10-6669568575621582w(Zr)/10-68912899178186w(Hf)/10-62.33.52.74.55.0w(Y)/10-616.621.318.518.622.1wREE/10-694.47130.8287.84113.40128.47wLREE/10-682.88115.8475.22100.38112.89wHREE/10-611.5914.9812.6213.0215.58wLREE /wHREE7.157.735.967.717.25w(La)N/w(Yb)N6.357.154.506.796.33δ(Eu)1.050.960.990.930.84δ(Ce)1.201.101.351.211.27注:wtotal为主量元素总含量;wREE为稀土元素总含量;wLREE为轻稀土元素总含量;wHREE为重稀土元素总含量;w(·)N为元素含量球粒陨石标准化后的值;δ(·)为元素异常。
高,为16.45%~17.78%;w(K2O)值为1.14%~1.85%;全碱含量(w(Na2O)+w(K2O))较低,为450%~5.12%;w(CaO)值为6.54%~8.81%;w(TiO2)值较低,为0.84%~0.93%;Mg#值为45~48。在区分正副变质岩cnf图解[图5(a)]和Si(al+fm)-(c+alk)图解[图5(b)]中,5个样品均落入火山岩区域。在AFM图解[图5(c)]中,5个样品均落入钙碱性系列。在SiO2Na2O+K2O图解[图5(d)]中,样品均落入亚碱性区域,其中3个样品落入亚碱性辉长岩区域,2个落入辉长闪长岩区域。
4.3稀土元素和微量元素
德言其庙斜长角闪岩系的稀土元素及微量元素含量及相关参数统计结果见表2。从表2可以看出,斜长角闪岩系稀土元素总含量((87.84~13082)×10-6)中等,富集轻稀土元素(wLREE/wHREE=5.93~7.73,w(La)N/w(Yb)N=4.50~7.15)。Eu异常为0.84~1.05,平均为0.95,基本上不显示Eu异常,表明斜长角闪岩的原岩(即辉长岩与辉长闪长岩)没有经历明显的分异作用。球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式[图6(a)]右倾,表现为轻稀土元素富集型。轻稀土元素呈较陡的右倾式特征表明其分异强烈,重稀土元素曲线右倾较缓表明其分异不明显。从原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图[图6(b)]可以看出:高场强元素(K、Ta、Nb、Ti)亏损,而Th、Ce富集;不相容元素Rb、Sr亏损,而La富集。总体上,大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集超过高场强元素(HFSE)。
图(a)引自文献[25]
图5区分正副变质岩cnf图解、Si(al+fm)-(c+alk)图解、AFM图解和SiO2Na2O+K2O图解
Fig.5Diagram of cnf for Distinguishing Orthometamorphite from Parametamorphic Rock, and
Si(al+fm)-(c+alk), AFM and SiO2(Na2O+K2O) Diagrams5讨论
5.1构造环境
斜长角闪岩系样品相对富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,并且具有Nb、Ta负异常及Ti和P亏损,显示出其原岩具有消减带岩浆的特征[2022]。斜长角闪岩系Mg#值为45~48,Cr、Ni含量较低,w(La)N/w(Yb)N值为4.50~7.15,表明德言其庙斜长角闪岩的Nb、Ta亏损可能是其原岩受地壳混染所致[23]。Ti、Nb、Ta亏损是岛弧构造环境的重要标志。
Th、Ta、Hf是一组耐熔强亲岩浆元素,由于地球化学性质的相似性,其相互之间的比值关系能将深部作用的地球化学过程较好地恢复出来[24]。w(Th)/w(Ta)值(11~15)较高,通常被解释为由于岩石静压力增高,下伏板块对上覆地幔楔中Th、U、K、Rb、Cs及Ba等元素的交代富集强烈[2627]。高场强元素Hf、Nb和Ta在蚀变和变质过程中具有良好的稳定性,是岩石成因和源区性质的良好示踪剂。因此,这些高场强元素的比值是有效的环境判别指标。在Hf/3ThTa判别图解[图7(a)]和Hf/3ThNb/16判别图解[图7(b)]中,内蒙古德言其庙斜长角闪岩系5个样品均落入钙碱性玄武岩及其分异物区域。
根据上述微量元素和稀土元素特征,并结合构造环境判别图解,内蒙古德言其庙斜长角闪岩的原岩形成于岛弧构造环境。
5.2构造意义
内蒙古温都尔庙俯冲增生杂岩带形成演化到最终构造侵位从寒武纪一直持续到中志留世[16]。Jian等认为温都尔庙蛇绿岩为典型的俯冲带蛇绿岩组合,形成于俯冲带弧前构造环境[28];而温都尔庙群高压变质带中的蓝片岩为B型蓝片岩,形成于洋壳俯冲碰撞带的构造环境;德言其庙斜长角闪岩系原岩为中基性岩浆岩,是岛弧岩浆活动的产物,其原岩形成于490 Ma;而俯冲杂岩带中的埃达克质奥长花岗岩形成于晚奥陶世。王兴安报道奥长花岗岩的锆石n(206U)/n(238Pb)年龄加权平均值为(447.7±3.2)Ma[16]。张臣等用SmNd同位素对出露在德言其庙一带的斜长角闪岩斜长片麻岩组合的深变质岩进行了测年,测得的年龄为(638±14)Ma[29]。Wood等对图林凯地区(德言其庙地区东侧)奥长花岗岩中的斜长角闪岩残块进行了锆石SHRIMP UPb测年,多数核部年龄集中在(479.6±2.4)Ma(样品数为17个),这个年龄为洋壳形成的后期阶段[30]。
ws为样品含量;wc为球粒陨石含量;wp为原始地幔含量
图6斜长角闪岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图
Fig.6Chondritenormalized REE Pattern and Primitive Mantlenormalized Trace Element Spider Diagram of AmphiboliteNMORB为正常型洋中脊玄武岩及其分异物;EMORB为异常型洋中脊玄武岩及其分异物;OIB为洋岛玄武岩及其分异物;
CAB为钙碱性玄武岩及其分异物;WPB为板内玄武岩及其分异物;IAT岛弧拉斑玄武岩及其分异物;图(a)引自文献[30]
图7斜长角闪岩Hf/3ThTa判别图解和Hf/3ThNb/16判别图解
Fig.7Discrimination Diagrams of Hf/3ThTa and Hf/3ThNb/16 of Amphibolite在寒武纪之后,古亚洲洋向南俯冲,华北板块北缘变为活动大陆边缘;在寒武纪—奥陶纪期间,形成了弧火山岩和侵入岩;与此同时,由北向南的挤压作用在俯冲带岩石中形成了强烈的褶皱变形,形成了温都尔庙高压变质带;晚奥陶世—早志留世期间,洋壳俯冲作用加剧,在俯冲带形成了岛弧岩浆和埃达克质岩浆侵位。
6结语
(1)内蒙古德言其庙斜长角闪岩主量元素特征表明岩石属钙碱性系列;轻稀土元素富集(wLREE/wHREE=5.93~7.73),轻稀土元素呈较陡的右倾式特征表明其分异强烈,重稀土元素曲线右倾较缓表明其分异不明显;Eu异常平均为0.98,基本不显示Eu异常;斜长角闪岩亏损高场强元素K、Ta、Nb、Ti,富集Th、Ce。
(2)内蒙古德言其庙斜长角闪岩锆石n(206Pb)/n(238U)年龄为(490.3±4.6)Ma,代表其原岩形成于晚寒武世。
(3)内蒙古德言其庙斜长角闪岩的原岩(辉长岩与辉长闪长岩)形成于岛弧构造环境。参考文献:
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