Scalp acupuncture combined with body acupuncture for 32 cancer cases with intractable hiccups after radiochemotherapy

Geng Tao (耿涛)

Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China

Clinical Study

Scalp acupuncture combined with body acupuncture for 32 cancer cases with intractable hiccups after radiochemotherapy

Geng Tao (耿涛)

Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of scalp acupuncture combined with body acupuncture in treating cancer patients with intractable hiccups after radiochemotherapy.

Acupuncture Therapy; Scalp Acupuncture; Scalp Stimulation Areas; Neoplasms; Chemoradiotherapy; Drug-related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Hiccup

Patients with advanced cancer generally need combination chemotherapy, which has strong killing effect on tumor cells, but the medications may produce a variety of adverse reactions. Intractable hiccup is one of them and can often lead to poor sleep and appetite, intolerable suffering, and aggravation of the gastrointestinal stimulus response[1], resulting in rapid deterioration of the patient's condition. Up to now, many studies have indicated that acupuncture, electrical acupuncture, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, acupoint stimulation and other alternative medicine therapy can achieve good therapeutic effect[2]. I have used scalp acupuncture combined with body acupuncture to treat 32 cancer patients with intractable hiccups after radiochemotherapy between July 2010 and July 2014, and now it is reported as follows.

1 Clinical Materials

1.1 Diagnostic criteria

They were referred to the diagnostic criteria of hiccups in theShanghai Diagnostic and Therapeutic Guidelines of Traditional Chinese Medicine: repeated hiccups with short and frequent sounds as the main symptom, and chest and abdominal discomfort may also be present[3].

1.2 Inclusion criteria

In conformity with the above diagnostic criteria; cancer patients under chemotherapy; hiccups could not be self-recovered in more than 3 d and could not be relieved by routine medication such as intramuscularinjection of Metoclopramide, Anisodamine and Chlorpromazine; clear consciousness and could follow the treatment procedure; stable vital signs; agreed with the treatment and signed the informed consent form.

1.3 Exclusion criteria

having unclear consciousness ; who had severe heart disease and hypotension (blood pressure＜90 mmHg/60 mmHg); those who had other condition and were not suitable for this study.

1.4 General data

All the patients were from the Oncology Department and Gastroenterology Department of our hospital between July 2010 and July 2014. There were 21 males and 11 females. Their average age was (57.6±12.0), ranged between 45 and 75 years old. The shortest disease duration was 3 d, and the longest was one month. There were 30 cases with duration less than 2 weeks, 2 cases with duration of equal to or over 2 weeks. Among them, 10 cases with gastric cancer, 15 cases with liver cancer, 2 cases with pancreatic cancer, and 5 cases with esophageal carcinoma. And all the patients were treated by combination chemotherapy medications like Cisplatin and Paclitaxel during hospitalization, and they also got antiemetic medications like Ondansetron and Metoclopramide to prevent from gastrointestinal reactions.

2 Therapeutic Methods

2.1 Conventional therapy

All the patients were treated by conventional therapies including chemotherapy, antiemetic medications and nutrition support.

2.2 Acupuncture therapy

2.2.1 Scalp acupuncture

Scalp stimulation areas: Line 2 Lateral to Forehead [MS 3, from Toulinqi (GB 15) straight downward along the meridian (about 3 cm in length), (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Scalp acupuncture

Method: The patient took a supine position. The scalp acupuncture was manipulated firstly. After routine disinfection of the acupoint area, filiform needles of 0.33 mm in diameter and 25 mm in length were inserted into Toulinqi (GB 15) for 1 cun, then twirled and rotated by the thumb and the index finger until the patient had soreness and distension sensation in the area. The patient should hold breath when the needle was inserted. The needles were manipulated once every 20 min and retained for 6 h[4]. And the patient could freely move during needle retaining.

2.2.2 Body acupuncture

Acupoints: Danzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12), bilateral Cuanzhu (BL 2), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3).

Method: Filiform needles of 0.30 mm in diameter and 25-65 mm in length were selected for acupuncture and retained for 1 h after arrival of qi.

All the treatments above-mentioned were conducted once per day, and 5 d of treatment was a course. If the patients did not recover during the first course, they should continue to the second one. The therapeutic effect was evaluated after 2 courses of treatment.

3 Therapeutic Effect Observation

3.1 Therapeutic effect criteria

Referring to the therapeutic effect criteria of hiccups in theShanghai Diagnostic and Therapeutic Guidelines of Traditional Chinese Medicine[3].

Cured: Hiccups disappeared without recurrence during 1 week.

Improved: The frequency and degree of hiccups were decreased.

Invalid: Without any relief of hiccups and no change in attack frequency and degree.

3.2 Results

Among the 32 cases, 26 cases were cured, 4 cases were improved, and 2 cases were invalid. There were 18 cases cured and 2 cases improved after 1 course of treatment. The total effective rate was 93.8%.

4 Discussion

Hiccups usually occur accidentally; or however it can be continuous, intermittent or persistent. Because patients with advanced cancer generally have poor appetite and receive radiochemotherapy, intractable hiccups may be induced by chemotherapy or adjunctive medication. Modern medicine holds that hiccup is a neural reflex action, and the reflex arc passes by the third and fourth cervical spinal cord[5]. The afferent nerve is vagus nerve and the efferent nerve is phrenic nerve, and they are both controlled by the medullary respiratory center. Hiccups usually attack when phrenicnerve is stimulated and appears spasmodic contraction[6]. Scalp acupuncture can stimulate the cerebral cortex, and its action mechanism is to inhibit the increased vagus nerve excitability so as to stop hiccups. It also has an effect of restoring consciousness and regulating spirit, thus the effect of stopping hiccups is very noticeable. Acupuncture at Cuanzhu (BL 2) can inhibit the excitability of phrenic nerve and abdominal vagus nerve, and the combination of holding breath can relieve hiccups by preventing medullary respiratory center from transferring excitability to diaphragm[7].

According to traditional Chinese medicine, patients with advanced cancer are prone to intractable hiccups, because they are weak with exhaustion of stomach qi, deficiency of yin and yang and disorder of qi activity. Taichong (LR 3) is the Yuan-Primary acupoint of the Liver Meridian, and has the effect of dispersing liver qi; Zusanli (ST 36) is the lower He-Sea acupoint of the Stomach Meridian, and has an effect of regulating stomach and down-regulating the adverse qi, and it is usually combined with Taichong (LR 3) to treat disharmony of the liver and stomach. Danzhong (CV 17) can regulate spleen and stomach, and descend the adverse qi. It’s clarified in clinical study that stimulating Danzhong (CV 17) can inhibit excitability of sympathetic nerve and relive diaphragm spasm[8-10]. Neiguan (PC 6) is an important acupoint for relieving chest stuffiness and regulating diaphragm. Besides, many kinds of studies also indicate that acupuncture has definite therapeutic effect on hiccups related to abdominal surgery[11-14]. In this study, we specially prolonged the needle retaining time to increase stimulation and achieve better effects because all the patients were in middle or late phases of cancer[4].

In conclusion, scalp acupuncture combined with body acupuncture is effective in treating intractable hiccups induced by radiochemotherapy. It is easy to be manipulated with less adverse reaction and can effectively relieve patients’ suffering, thus it is suitable for further clinical application.

Conflict of Interest

The author declared that there was no conflict of interest in this article.

Statement of Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.

Received: 5 March 2015/Accepted: 13 April 2015

[1] Teng GZ, Song L, Li DQ. Correlation analysis between intractable hiccup and digestive tract hemorrhage of stroke patients with nasal feeding. Zhongguo Yiyao Daobao, 2008, 5(13): 43.

[2] Jiang DX. Rehabilitation therapy of intractable hiccup. Chin J Phys Ther, 2000, 23(1): 58-59.

[3] Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau. Shanghai Diagnostic and Therapeutic Guidelines of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2nd Edition. Shanghai: Publishing House of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2003: 21-22.

[4] Bao F, Liang Z, Wang FQ. Clinical observation on treatment of stubborn hiccup by acupuncture with different needle-retaining time. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu, 2003, 23(1): 21-22.

[5] Wang YZ. Clinical observation of catgut implantation at acupoint in treating intractable therapy. China Prac Med, 2007, 2(18): 56-57.

[6] Han ZY, Cong ZQ, Tang SY. Neuropathic Therapy. Shanghai science and Technology Press, 1996: 14.

[7] Sun Y, Cao TM. Clinical observation of acupuncture treating stroke patients with intractable hiccup. Jiangsu Zhongyiyao, 2009, 41(7): 59.

[8] Shi B, Chu JF, Li L, Gao QL. Comparative study on strong acupuncture stimulation versus acupuncture point injection for the treatment of cancer-related refractory hiccups. Shanghai Zhenjiu Zazhi, 2013, 32(12): 1014-1015.

[9] Yang LZ, Liu JG, Zhang HX. Clinical observation of electoacupuncture combined with acupuncture in treating intractable hiccup. Hubei Zhongyi Zazhi, 2009, 31(8): 67.

[10] Dietzel J, Grundling M, Pavlovic D, Usichenko TI. Acupuncture for persistent postoperative hiccup. Anaesthesia, 2008, 63(9): 1021-1022.

[11] Zhao J, Wang JH. Studies on laws of choosing acupoints of acupuncture in treatment of intractable hiccups. Liaoning Zhongyiyao Daxue Xuebao, 2014, 16(9): 154-156.

[12] Chen YQ, Yin ZZ, Du YR, Liu YL. Clinical observation on intractable hiccup treated with soothing liver and invigorating spleen method of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. Liaoning Zhongyi Zazhi, 2014, 41(7): 1503-1504.

[13] Zhu LL, Wang WX, Guo XG. Acupuncture for hiccups after stroke: a systematic review. Zhongguo Xunzheng Yixue Zazhi, 2011, 11(3): 325-328.

[14] Shi B, Chu JF, Li L, Gao QL. Comparative study of strong acupuncture stimulation versus acupuncture point injection for the treatment of cancer-related refractory hiccups. Shanghai Zhenjiu Zazhi, 2013, 32(12): 1014-1015.

Translator: Deng Ying (邓樱)

头针结合体针治疗恶性肿瘤放化疗后顽固性呃逆32例

目的：观察头针结合体针治疗恶性肿瘤患者放化疗后顽固性呃逆的疗效。方法：选择符合纳入标准的32例恶性肿瘤放化疗后顽固性呃逆患者,予以针刺头针额旁2线以及体针的膻中、中脘和双侧攒竹、内关、足三里、太冲治疗。每日治疗1次, 5次为1个疗程, 治疗2个疗程后评价疗效。结果：治疗10次后, 32例患者中痊愈26例, 好转4例, 无效2例, 总有效率93.8%。结论：头针结合体针治疗恶性肿瘤患者放化疗后顽固性呃逆疗效可靠, 且操作简便, 不良反应小, 能够有效减轻患者痛苦。

针刺疗法; 头针; 头针刺激区; 肿瘤; 放化疗; 药物相关的副作用和不良反应; 呃逆

R246.1 【

】B

Author: Geng Tao, master of medicine, associate chief physician.

E-mail: xbbzw@aliyun.com

Methods:Thirty-two cancer patients with intractable hiccups after radiochemotherapy who met the inclusion criteria were selected. The Line 2 Lateral to Forehead (MS 3) of scalp stimulation areas as well as body acupoints including Danzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12), bilateral Cuanzhu (BL 2), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) were punctured. The treatment was given once a day, 5 treatments constituted a course, and the efficacy was evaluated after 2 treatment courses.

Results:After 10 treatments, 26 cases were cured, 4 cases were improved, and 2 cases were invalid, and the total effective rate was 93.8%.

Conclusion:Scalp acupuncture combined with body acupuncture in treating intractable hiccups in cancer patients after radiochemotherapy has reliable therapeutic effect, and it is easy-to-operate and can effectively alleviate the suffering of patients with less adverse reaction.