推理判断题的解题技巧

所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。推理判断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点态度、文章出处、写作意图等。当中尤以推断隐含意义的题目居多。

推断隐含意义，即要求根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意的能力。

设问形式 推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer（推断），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。常见的题干设题形式如下：

1.We can know from the passage that .

2. We can infer from the （first/last） passage that .

3.The passage/author implies/suggests that .

4.It can be concluded from the passage that .

5.The underlined sentence indicates that .

解题方法 首先找到相关信息点（推理的依据），然后细读、理解相关信息点的字面意义，最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。解答此类题目，需注意以下几个问题：

1.严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，切忌掺杂自己的主观想法或经验；

2.如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案；

3.如果某选项的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它就不是从文中推断出来的，也不是正确答案；

4.如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到了，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案；

5.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词（should，must，may等）往往能流露出作者的弦外之意，这有助于我们确定正确答案；

6. 注意作者在文中的措辞，如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather等词，则常带有否定的意味。

例1 The position was offered at the last minute，and I was given two weeks to prepare，a period I spent searching for briefcase（公文包） and standing before my full-length mirror，repeating the words，“Hello，class. I’m Mr Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12 year old boy.

What can we learn about the author from this paragraph？

A.He would be aggressive in his first class.

B.He was well-prepared for his first class.

C.He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.

D.He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

解析 推断隐含意义题。根据本段中的But when the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12 year old boy可知本题选C。

推断写作意图，即要求同学们根据短文内容推断作者写作该文的目的。

设问形式

1.The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to .

2.The passage is meant to .

3.The author’s purpose is to show .

4.The purpose of the article is to .

解题方法 作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读者某些信息三种。

此类题主要有两种解法：

1.主旨推断法。写作目的陷含在作者对为何要表达某个中心主题的阐述中，因此可以根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。

2.文体推断法。根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章，其目的是娱乐读者；夹叙夹议的文章，其目的是让读者得到某种启示或教育；广告或议论文的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务某种观点；说明文或新闻的目的是告知读者某些信息。

例2 Cold weather can be hard on pets，just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter（住所） as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.

Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out，stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside，they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time，make sure they have a warm，solid shelter against the wind，thick bedding，and plenty of nonfrozen water.

What is the purpose of this text？

A.To solve a problem.

B.To give practical advice.

C.To tell an interesting story.

D.To present a research result.

解析 推断写作目的题。根据第一段的中心句There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是给养宠物的人提供一些实用的建议。答案选B。

推断观点态度，即要求推断作者对某人某事的看法或作者所持的观点。

设问形式

1.The author seems to be in favor of/against .

2.The author may probably agree with/support .

3.What’s the author’s opinion about...？

4.In the author’s opinion...？

解题方法 根据文章的内容和作者的措辞能推断作者所持的观点或看法，判断作者的态度是客观的、主观的，肯定的、否定的或是中立的。

例3 It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.

What does the author think about Dr Frederic Truby King？

A.He is strict.

B.He is unkind.

C.He has the wrong idea.

D.He sets a timetable for mothers.

解析 推断观点态度题。由I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous可知，答案选C。

推断文章出处，即通过阅读材料推断材料的来源。

设问形式

1.The text is most likely to be taken from .

2.Where does the text probably come from？

3.Where can we most probably read this text？

解题方法 可根据文章的内容或结构来推断，也可根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处，如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明一般会介绍其名称、作用或操作方式等。

例4 The multimillion pound new Library of Birmingham （LoB） will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization（数字化） of everyday life.

...

As digital media（媒介） is important to its idea，the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.

...

Two other small Birmingham based digital companies are also working on the LoB projects. Substrat，a digital design company，is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone，an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development. And The People’s Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots，in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.

Gambles says： “Technology will enable us to make the library’s content and services open to citizens as never before.”

The text is most probably taken from .

A.a computer book

B.a library guide

C.a project handbook

D.a newspaper report

解析 推断文章出处。文章开头用简短的话概括文章，结尾又有评论，符合新闻报道的特点。答案选D。

推断目标读者，根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的。

设问形式

1.The passage is probably written for .

2.Who is the passage written for？

3.The text is written mainly for .

解题方法 解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。

例5 An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport，you could make anything up to ￡200 or ￡300 a week. Put an advertisement for free on Letpark or At my housepark.

Rent a room

Spare room？ Not only will a lodger（房客） earn you an income，but also，thanks to the government backed “rent a room” program，you won’t have to pay any tax on the first ￡4，500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Room spare or Roommate easy.

Make money during special events

Don’t want a fulltime lodger？ Then rent on a short-term basis. If you live in the capital，renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could bring in money. Grashpadder can advertise your space.

For whom is the text most probably written？

A.Lodgers. B.Advertisers.

C.House owners. D.Online companies.

解析 推断目标读者题。文中围绕如何利用家中闲置的空间来赚取额外的收入进行论述，故其目标读者应为房主。答案选C。