一、疑问句中表示“请求许可、提出建议、征询意见”的情态动词
(1) can/could/may/might表示“请求许可”,could 和might语气更委婉,但回答时不可用could 和might。如:
-Can/Could/May/Might I use your dictionary tomorrow morning?
-Yes, you can/may. (否定:No, Im afraid not.)
(2) will/would表示“提出建议”,主语必须为第二人称,would语气更委婉,但回答时不可用would。如:
Would you do me a favor to move away the bench on the road?
你能否帮我搬走路上的那条板凳?
(3) shall表示“征询意见”,主语必须为第一人称或第三人称。如:
-Thanks for inviting me to your party. ________ my classmate Jane come?
-Of course. She is always welcome. (2014年江苏苏北四市一模)
A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. Must
分析:答案为A。此句shall用于疑问句中,且主语为第三人称,表示征询对方意见。
二、表具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词
(1)must用于肯定句,表示“一定,准是”。
(2)may表示“或许,也许”,might可能性弱。
(3)can用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句,表示“疑惑、惊讶、不相信”。
(4)could用于肯定句,也可用于否定句、疑问句,可能性比can弱。
三、情态动词+have done的用法
情态动词+完成式 意义 例句
must have
done “想必/一定/准是做了某事”,用于肯定句。否定形式为cant/couldnt have done, 意为“不可能做过某事” It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet
Mr. Smith canhave gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now
can/could have done 本来能够……
过去可能会…… He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.
There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?
may/might have done “也许/或许已经……”,might与 may意思相同,但可能性较小 —What has happened to George?
—I dont know. He may have got lost
should/ought to have done 本应该做某事,而实际没做 Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday
neednt have done “本来不需要做某事而做了”。注意,didnt need to do意为“过去没必要做某事而实际上也没做” I neednt have bought so
much wine,only five people
came
—Did you work very late
last night?
—No, I didnt. I didnt
need to work very late
would have done 常用于虚拟语气中,表示对过去事情的假设,意为“本来会做” I would have told you all
about the boys story, but you
didnt ask me
四、其他
(1)cannot but do sth. 意为“不得不/只好做某事”。如:
I cannot but complain about the food.
我不得不抱怨这食物。
(2)cannot/never ...too/enough 意为“再……也不为过”。如:
One can never be careful enough while crossing the street.
过马路时越小心越好。
I ________ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. (2012年陕西高考)
A. wont B. cant C. can D. will
分析:答案为B。此句使用了cannot ...too的结构。
(3)may 放在句首,表示愿望或祝愿。如:
May you return in safety. 愿你平安归来。