祝立丽, 肖明明, 表贞淑, 高 爽, 景士兵
实验研究
病理性瘢痕中整合素链激酶、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白和mRNA表达及其临床意义
祝立丽, 肖明明, 表贞淑, 高 爽, 景士兵
目的探讨正常皮肤、非病理性瘢痕及病理性瘢痕中整合素链激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶的表达情况。方法统计整形外科病理性瘢痕40例,非病理性瘢痕12例,正常皮肤组织16例;采用免疫组织化学法和蛋白印迹及荧光实时定量PCR,检测3种组织中整合素链激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白及mRNA表达情况。结果整合素链激酶蛋白在正常皮肤、非病理性瘢痕及病理性瘢痕中的阳性率分别是25.00%,41.67%,85.00%。磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白在3种组织中的阳性率分别是12.50%,16.67%,80.00%;蛋白印迹及荧光实时定量PCR结果显示,与正常皮肤及非病理性瘢痕相比,病理性瘢痕中整合素链激酶、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白及mRNA表达均有统计学意义。病理性瘢痕中整合素链激酶与磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白表达呈正相关(P= 0.001,r=0.614)。结论整合素链激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白可能通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/PKB信号通路参与病理性瘢痕的形成;整合素链激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白协同促进病理性瘢痕的形成;整合素链激酶和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶蛋白靶向治疗阻止组织病理性瘢痕的形成有望成为可能。
瘢痕; 整合素链激酶; 磷脂酰肌醇3激酶
皮肤组织创伤后发生瘢痕,当瘢痕形成超过正常限度时,称为病理性瘢痕,包括增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩。主要特征是成纤维细胞的过度增生和细胞外基质的过度聚集,其中成纤维细胞增殖/凋亡调控失调是瘢痕形成的重要原因之一[1-2]。整合素链激酶(integrin-linked kinase, ILK)是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,以依赖磷脂酰肌3激酶(phosphatidylinositols 3-kinase, PI3K)方式激活,通过磷酸化蛋白激B(protein kinase B, PKB)等下游底物使细胞外信号向下游传递,进而发挥抗凋亡、促细胞增殖的生物学功能[3-4]。ILK参与了多种内脏器官的纤维化疾病过程[5-6],在组织修复及组织纤维化进程中发挥重要的作用[7],故推测ILK在皮肤瘢痕形成过程中也可能发挥独特的作用。我们采用免疫组织化学方法(immunological histological chemistry, IHC)、荧光定量PCR(fluorescent quatititive PCR, FQ-PCR)及蛋白印迹(western blot, WB)方法,检测正常皮肤、非病理性瘢痕及病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K的表达。
1.1 标本来源
标本取自2009-2013年辽宁省人民医院整形外科患者,其中病理性瘢痕40例,非病理性瘢痕12例,正常皮肤组织16例。均获患者的知情同意。
1.2 主要试剂及仪器
1.2.1 免疫组织化学SP法 ILK、PI3K抗体、免疫组织化学染色试剂盒、二氨基联苯胺显色试剂盒均购自北京中杉公司。
1.2.2 蛋白印迹法 收集新鲜组织提取蛋白后严格按试剂盒说明书进行蛋白印迹。ECL显影,Image Lab图像分析软件测定灰度值,以GAPDH为内参照记录各目的蛋白的相对灰度值。
1.2.3 荧光定量PCR 收集新鲜组织提取RNA,按试剂盒说明书配置反应体系。数据由软件自动生成。Primer Pmmier 5软件设计引物,由广州中山大学达安基因股份有限公司合成,序列见表1。
表1 引物序列
1.2.4 结果判定标准 免疫组织化学结果判定标准:显微镜下观察细胞质或细胞膜呈棕黄色判定为阳性细胞。阳性细胞比例:<10%为阴性,10%~30%为弱阳性,>30%为强阳性。
1.3 统计学处理
所有数据均采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析,采用χ2检验、ANOVA方差分析及Pearson相关分析进行统计学处理。
2.1 ILK、PI3K蛋白在正常皮肤、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕中的表达情况
如图1、表2所示:ILK 、PI3K 蛋白定位于成纤维细胞胞质内。ILK和PI3K在病理性瘢痕中的阳性率分別为85%(34/40),80%(32/40);非病理性瘢痕中阳性率分别为41.67%(5/12),16.67%(2/12);正常皮肤中阳性率分别为25%(4/16),12.5%(2/16)。ILK和PI3K蛋白在病理性瘢痕中的表达,强于非病理性瘢痕及正常皮肤(P<0.05)。
WB法检测正常皮肤、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕各5例,ILK、PI3K蛋白在病理性瘢痕中的表达,明显强于非病理性瘢痕及正常皮肤。
2.2 ILK、PI3K mRNA在正常皮肤、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕中的表达水平
FQ-PCR检测正常皮肤、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕各10例,病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K mRNA的表达,均明显强于正常皮肤及非病理性瘢痕,P<0.05差异有统计学意义(图2)。
图1 免疫组织化学SP法检测正常皮肤、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K蛋白的表达情况(×100) a,b. 分别是ILK、PI3K蛋白在正常皮肤中的表达情况 c,d. 分别是ILK、PI3K蛋白在非病理性瘢痕中的表达情况 e,f. 分别是ILK、PI3K蛋白在病理性瘢痕的表达情况图2 WB检测3种组织中ILK 、PI3K蛋白的表达情况
Fig1 Expression of ILK 、PI3K protein in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar by IHC (SP×100). a, b. expression of ILK and PI3K protein in normal skin tissue. c, d. expression of ILK and PI3K protein in mature scar. e, f. expression of ILK and PI3K protein in pathological scar.Fig2 The expression of ILK and PI3K protein in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar by WB.
表2 正常皮肤、非病理性瘢痕、病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K蛋白的表达
Tab2 Expression of ILK and PI3K protein in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar by IHC
组织类型例数ILK-+阳性率/%PI3K-+阳性率/%正常皮肤组织1612425.0014212.50非病理性瘢痕127541.6710216.67病理性瘢痕4063485.0083280.00
注:病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K蛋白表达均增强,与正常皮肤组织及非病理性瘢痕相比,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)
2.3 病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K蛋白表达的关系
病理性瘢痕中ILK和PI3K蛋白阳性表达,呈显著正相关(P= 0.001,r=0.614)。
ILK是1996年GE Hannigan以整合素β1亚单位胞质结构域为诱饵,进行酵母双杂交筛选系统发现的,是一种胞内丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,相对分子质量为59KD,基因定位于染色体11p15.52- p15.4[8]。ILK是整合素信号通路过程中的关键激酶,调节多种细胞功能,抑制细胞调亡,调节细胞增生、分化、迁移,介导细胞与细胞外基质之间的相互作用[9- 10]。Levinson等[11]通过免疫组化证实,ILK蛋白在人成纤维细胞表达较多,并发现转染ILK蛋白的细胞发生了明显挛缩,推测ILK在瘢痕挛缩过程中,发挥着重要作用。PI3K是磷脂激酶家族中一个非常重要的成员,由p110催化亚单位和p85调节亚单位组成的异源二聚体,具有脂类激酶活性和蛋白激酶活性,其产物包括PIP2 和PIP3 等[12]。PIP3与ILK 的磷酸肌醇结合基序结合后活化PI3K/PKB,是机体内重要的抗凋亡、促细胞增殖的通路之一[13]。
本研究通过3种实验技术,分别从蛋白及mRNA表达水平上观察3种组织中ILK、PI3K表达情况,发现与正常皮肤及非病理性瘢痕相比,病理性瘢痕中ILK、PI3K的表达均增加,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。该结果与既往国外报道基本一致[11]。因此,我们推测ILK、PI3K的过表达,可能与病理性瘢痕的形成相关。本研究还发现,病理性瘢痕中ILK与PI3K表达呈正相关,这提示ILK蛋白过表达,可能通过作用于蛋白底物PI3K并激活下游因子,协同促进成纤维细胞的生长、增殖,抑制其凋亡,从而参与病理性瘢痕的形成。
综合既往研究结果,ILK、PI3K协同作用并通过 PI3K/PKR信号转导通路从细胞增殖、凋亡抑制、血管生成等方面,促进病理性瘢痕的发生和发展[14-15]。ILK、PI3K有望成为治疗病理性瘢痕的理想靶位基因,对ILK及PI3K的持续表达或活化的阻止,有望成为治疗或控制病理性瘢痕形成的新途径。
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Expressionofintegrin-linkedkinaseandphosphatidylinositols3-kinaseinpathologicalscarandtheirclinicalsignificance
ZHULi-li,XIAOMing-ming,BIAOZhen-shu,etal.
(DepartmentofDermatology,LiaoningProvincialPeople′sHospital,Shenyang110016,China)
ObjectiveTo explore the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and phosphatidylinositols 3-kinase (PI3K) in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar and their clinical significance.MethodsThe expression protein and mRNA of ILK and PI3K were detected by immunological histological chemistry (IHC), Western blot and fluorescent quatititive PCR, respectively.ResultsThe positive rates of ILK proteins were 25.00%, 41.67%, 85.00% in normal skin tissue, mature scar and pathological scar, respectively. The positive rates of PI3K proteins were 12.50%, 16.67%, 80.00%, respectively. The expression of protein and mRNA of ILK and PI3K were higher in pathological scar when compared to both normal skin tissue and mature scar, the data showed statistically significant. There was a highly positive correlation between ILK and PI3K protein expression (P=0.001,R=0.614).ConclusionILK, PI3K protein might be involved in the formation of pathologic scar through the activation of PI3K/PKB signaling pathway. PI3K and ILK proteins may cooperate to promote the formation and progress of pathologic scar. ILK and/or PI3K target treatment might be possible to prevent the formation of pathologic scar.
Scar; ILK; PI3K
10.3969/j.issn.1673-7040.2014.04.021
R619.6
A
1673-7040(2014)04-0252-03
2014-03-10)
110016 辽宁 沈阳,辽宁省人民医院 (皮肤科:祝立丽,表贞淑; 病理科:肖明明,高 爽,景士兵)
祝立丽(1983-),女,浙江金华人,主治医师.
景士兵,110016,辽宁省人民医院 病理科,电子信箱:mypathology@163.com