王红等
摘 要: 试验以丰利德1号玉米为试材,研究叶面喷施不同浓度的黄腐酸钾对夏玉米产量的影响。结果表明,黄腐酸钾喷施浓度低于133 mg/L时随喷施浓度的增加,穗粒数、千粒重、产量均表现出逐渐增加的趋势;大于133 mg/L时随浓度的增加,夏玉米株高表现出先增后减的趋势,穗粒数、千粒重、产量均表现出逐渐降低的趋势。以喷施200 mg/L黄腐酸钾处理的夏玉米株高最大,为2.21 m,与对照达极显著差异;穗粒数以67 mg/L黄腐酸钾处理最高,为542.7粒;千粒重、产量均以喷施133 mg/L黄腐酸钾的处理最高,分别为303.2 g、8 771.3 kg/hm2,分别比对照提高7.2%、12.8%,达到极显著差异。因此,夏玉米7叶期喷施黄腐酸钾的最佳浓度为133 mg/L。
关键词: 夏玉米;黄腐酸钾;叶面喷施;产量
中图分类号: S513.062 文献标识号:A 文章编号: 1001 - 4942(2014)08 - 0087 - 04
Effect of Foliage Application of Fulvic Acid
Potassium on Yield of Summer Maize
Wang Hong, Li Fang*, Song Dongtao, Wang Dandan, Meng Zefeng, Liu Xiaoli, Liu Huailong
(Dong e Agricultural Bureau, Dong e 252201, China)
Abstract With Fenglide 1 as material, the effect of foliage application of fulvic acid potassium on summer maize yield was studied. The results showed that the grain number per spike, 1 000-grain weight and yield of maize increased gradually with the increase of fulvic acid potassium concentration when lower than 133 mg/L; but they showed opposite trend, and plant height increased firstly and then decreased at the concentration higher than 133 mg/L. The plant height of summer maize was the highest as 2.21 m at the concentration of 200 mg/L, which was significantly higher than that of CK. The grain number per spike was the most as 542.7 at the concentration of 67 mg/L; 1 000-grain weight and yield were the highest as 303.2 g and 8 771.3 kg/hm2 respectively at the concentration of 133 mg/L, which increased by 7.2% and 12.8% respectively compared to CK. In conclusion, the best spraying concentration of fulvic acid potassium was 133mg/L at 7-leaf stage of summer maize.
Key words Summer maize; Fulvic acid potassium; Foliage application; Yield
黄腐酸作为一种土壤改良剂,具有分子量较小、易被生物吸收利用、功能团多、生理活性强、可直接溶于水的特征,是土壤腐植酸中活性最强的一种有机物。它能改善土壤结构,增加土壤透气性[1],提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷的含量,改善土壤化学性质[2],减轻有害物质对农作物的危害,改善土壤盐碱化状况[3],提高土壤保水保肥能力[4],提高肥料利用率[5]。同时黄腐酸也是一种植物生长调节剂,能提高作物引哚乙酸、脱落酸含量,增强SOD和POD活性[6,7],提高iPA(异戊烯基腺嘌呤)和GAs(赤霉素)含量[8] ,提高硝酸盐还原酶活性[9]。黄腐酸除了能影响植物内源激素的含量,还可直接作用于植物,促进细胞伸长刺激植物生长,减小气孔开度[10],提高叶绿素含量[11],增强作物抗逆能力,提高产量和品质[12~14]。据相关研究,黄腐酸能提高玉米种子活力,增加发芽率[15],促进幼苗生长,提高可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量[16],提高玉米抗旱能力,促进玉米提前出苗[17],提高玉米叶片净光合速率[11]和产量[18]。综上所述,施用黄腐酸能对玉米的生长起到良好的抗旱增产作用,是提高玉米产量,节省农业成本,改善土壤理化性状的重要途径。目前关于黄腐酸钾对玉米的作用机理及抗旱增产效果的研究已有很多,但关于其最佳施用方法及施用量的研究还比较少。本研究通过玉米叶面喷施黄腐酸钾试验对其喷施的最佳用量进行了探讨。
1 材料与方法
试验在山东省东阿县大桥镇井绳赵村中壤质潮土地块进行。土壤有机质含量为16.01 g/kg,pH值为8.4,碱解氮为96.00 mg/kg,有效磷为23.46 mg/kg,有效钾为146.00 mg/kg。