吴基富
(云浮发电厂(B)厂有限公司,广东 云浮 527300)
摘要:通过介绍汽轮机组闭冷水系统的概况,论述闭冷水系统优化改造的必要性,并结合相关节能改造措施,选择正确的改造方案,对汽轮机组闭冷水系统进行节能改造。运行结果表明,该改造方案有效降低了闭冷水系统能源损耗,具有良好的系统工作效益,值得推广应用。
关键词:汽轮机;闭冷水系统;节能;改造
中图分类号:TK264.1文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-6835(2014)08-0022-02
1闭冷水系统概况
机组闭冷水系统的功能是向汽轮机、锅炉、发电机和脱硫系统等辅助设备提供冷却水。该系统为闭式回路,开式冷却水系统的水流经闭冷器,来冷却闭式循环水系统中的冷却水。闭冷水系统包括2台全容量闭冷泵、3台半容量闭冷器和1台膨胀水箱设备。闭冷水系统采用除盐水和凝结水作为冷却液,用凝结水输送泵或除盐水泵向膨胀水箱补水,然后通过闭冷泵在闭式回路中循环。闭冷水系统用户主要有主机润滑油冷却器、小机润滑油冷却器、EH油冷却器、真空泵冷却器、密封油冷却器、发电机器定子水冷却器和锅炉各风机润滑油冷却器等。闭冷水系统正常运行时,1台闭冷泵运行,闭冷水系统出力应满足机组最大出力时各种负荷运行的需要,并有一定裕量。
2闭冷水系统优化改造的必要性
2.1全年闭冷水系统运行状况
查阅安全仪表系统(SIS),采集闭冷水系统运行数据,绘制出某发电厂闭冷水系统2012年全年运行状况,如图1所示。
图1机组闭冷水系统冷却水运行温度
图2闭冷泵流量和效率特性曲线
2.2闭冷水系统运行状况分析
该发电厂地处北亚热带湿润季风气候区,具有四季分明、雨量充沛、日照充足、冬寒夏热和雨热同步等特点。由于环境温度的变化,导致闭冷水温度随着季节变化而变化。由图1可知,闭冷水冷却器出口温度仅在6—9月会超过35 ℃,全年平均温度在25 ℃左右。变冷泵流量和效率特性曲线由图2所示,闭冷水系统用户冷却器进口调整门开度在7—9月超过80%,平均开度在50%左右;特别是在冬季,其开度在20%左右,闭冷水系统用户各冷却器所需要的冷却水量较设计值偏离大。由图2可知,闭冷水系统冷却器全年出口压力平均值为0.65 MPa左右。 2.3闭冷水系统全年用户冷却水量分析
闭冷泵型号为SLOW300—550IB,额定流量为2 000 m3/h,扬程为50 m,功率为400 kW,其特性曲线如图2所示。由图2可知,6—9月闭冷水流量为1 500~2 000 m3/h,其他月份为750~1 250 m3/h。
通过以上分析可知,6—9月,闭冷泵可匹配系统经济运行,泵的效率较高、节流损失小;其他月份,由于闭冷水温度随着环境温度大幅下降,闭冷水流量也急剧下降,闭冷泵虽然能够满足闭冷水系统运行的需要,但泵的节流损失大、效率低,闭冷泵不再经济地匹配闭冷水系统运行,造成能源浪费。
由此可见,该电厂机组闭冷水系统配置的闭冷泵裕量过大,系统母管长期处于较高压力下运行,对泵、阀门密封件、调整门阀芯是不利的,缩短了其使用寿命,闭冷水系统运行经济性较差。所以,对闭冷系统的节能进行改造是十分必要的。
3闭冷水系统节能改造方案选择
3.1闭冷泵改为变频运行
闭冷泵改为变频运行时,闭冷泵根据系统用户用水量的多少改变转速,保持系统母管压力在合理、经济的范围内,运行灵活,节约厂用电量。但是,变频改造投资大,涉及电气、控制和土建等专业,必须由设计院等相关单位完成。
3.2在闭冷水系统中增加1台小泵
闭冷水系统用水量长期为750~1 250 m3/h,选择额定流量为1 000~1 200 m3/h、扬程为40 m的水泵,与#1,#2闭冷泵并联运行,就可以满足闭冷水系统各冷却器的需求。该电厂220 MW机组正进行拆除,机组的射水泵额定流量为1 201 m3/h,扬程为40 m,完全可以满足机组闭冷水系统除6—9月以外8个月份的运行。
该方案投资小,后期运行维护量较变频方案少,系统运行可靠,厂用电节约明显,本厂检修部门即可独立完成闭冷水系统的节能改造。因此,电厂机组闭冷水系统节能改造选择第二种方案。
4闭冷水系统节能改造措施
大修期间,在闭冷水进出水母管上引出1路管道,加装1台闭冷泵,并安装进出电动门、出口逆止门、进口滤网和进出口压力表。为了不影响美观,将水泵安装在闭冷泵与前置泵之间。
4.1改造成本
闭冷水系统节能的改造成本主要有:管道0.5万元;进出口阀门,利用#4机组2台射水泵出口门,只增购1个出口逆止门,0.5万元;电缆7.0万元;热控电动阀门5.0万元;基础设施0.5万元,总成本13.5万元。相对于购置1台新泵和电机及其附属管阀等,节约费用约15万元。
4.2预期收益
按该水泵运行240 d,按75%的负荷率计算,全年可节约(400-185)×24×240×0.48×0.75×10-4=44.582 4(万元),2台机组全部实施改造后,将每年产生89.170 8万元的经济收益。改造后,#1,#2闭冷泵型号为SLOW300-550IB,#3闭冷泵型号为350S-44AG。6—9月使用#1,#2闭冷泵运行,其余月份使用#3泵运行,极大地提高了闭冷水系统运行的经济性和可靠性,达到了节能降耗的目的。改造后闭冷水系统简图如图3所示。
图3改造后闭冷水系统简图
5改造后闭冷水系统运行状况
改造后,系统运行稳定,机组满负荷运行时闭冷水系统使用#3泵的运行状况见表1所示。
由表1可知,1—5月和10月,#3闭冷泵扬程和流量完全满足闭冷水系统用户的需求,改造取得了预期的效果。
6结束语
综上所述,通过对电厂机组闭冷水系统改造方案的实施,证明了闭冷水系统的节能改造是具有极大经济意义的。该节能
改造方案节能效果明显,既提高了设备效率,又满足了生产工艺的要求,具有一定的推广价值,应该在汽轮机改造工程中广泛发展应用。
表1闭冷水系统主要运行参数
月份 室外温度/℃ 闭式水冷却器出口温度/℃ 闭式水冷却器出口压力/MPa
1 2 16 0.63
2 5 20 0.60
3 10 24 0.55
4 18 25 0.45
5 20 28 0.42
10 22 29 0.38
参考文献
[1]李念生.300 MW汽轮机控制系统改造[J].电力学报,2004(04).
[2]周琳,谭锐,卫栋梁.东汽纯凝600 MW级火电机组供热改造探讨[J].东方电气评论,2012(02).
〔编辑:李珏〕
Explore Energy Saving Turbine Closed Water System
Wu Jifu
Abstract: Introduction Turbine closed water system overview, discusses the need for the transformation of closed water system optimization, combined with relevant energy saving measures to select the correct transformation program, closed cooling water system for steam turbine for energy saving. The result shows that the transformation program closed water system effectively reduces energy consumption, has a good system of work benefits, and should be widely applied.
Key words: turbine; closed cooling water system; energy conservation; transformation
(上接第19页)
参考文献
[1]刘菊青,方斌.浅谈机电一体化技术在煤矿生产的应用及推广[J].山东工业技术,2013(9).
[2]李萍.煤矿机电一体化的技术应用和节能改造探讨[J].科学之友,2013(10).
[3]颜平.机电一体化产品在平顶山天安煤业生产中的应用与探讨[J].机电信息,2010(4).
[4]闫立伟.机电技术一体化技术在当前我国煤矿开采中的应用[J].电源技术应用,2013(12).
〔编辑:白洁〕
On the Practical Application of Mechatronics and Future Mine Development
Ding Liao
Abstract: Mechatronics technology in coal production and more widely, it can not only improve the safety of coal mine production operations, but also reduce the miners labor intensity and improve work efficiency, coal mining enterprises tremendous economic benefits. Based on this, the practical application of mechatronics mine and future development are briefly discussed.
Key words: coal; mechatronics; application; development
(上接第20页)
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Measurement of Lead in Wastewater
Lin Songhe
Abstract: Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry can effectively detect metal ion content in wastewater, wastewater treatment methods to determine.
Key words: flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; wastewater; lead; spectral lines
(上接第21页)
The Improvement of Xiaohuigou Coal Mine Local Ventilator Dedicated Power Supply Scheme
Han Dezhu
Abstract: Mainly for Xiaohuigou Coal Mine local ventilator dedicated power supply plan before and after the improvement of safety and reliability, briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the improved scheme and the improved economic benefits and social benefits.
Key words: coal mine; local ventilator; power supply; improved scheme
Key words: turbine; closed cooling water system; energy conservation; transformation
(上接第19页)
参考文献
[1]刘菊青,方斌.浅谈机电一体化技术在煤矿生产的应用及推广[J].山东工业技术,2013(9).
[2]李萍.煤矿机电一体化的技术应用和节能改造探讨[J].科学之友,2013(10).
[3]颜平.机电一体化产品在平顶山天安煤业生产中的应用与探讨[J].机电信息,2010(4).
[4]闫立伟.机电技术一体化技术在当前我国煤矿开采中的应用[J].电源技术应用,2013(12).
〔编辑:白洁〕
On the Practical Application of Mechatronics and Future Mine Development
Ding Liao
Abstract: Mechatronics technology in coal production and more widely, it can not only improve the safety of coal mine production operations, but also reduce the miners labor intensity and improve work efficiency, coal mining enterprises tremendous economic benefits. Based on this, the practical application of mechatronics mine and future development are briefly discussed.
Key words: coal; mechatronics; application; development
(上接第20页)
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Measurement of Lead in Wastewater
Lin Songhe
Abstract: Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry can effectively detect metal ion content in wastewater, wastewater treatment methods to determine.
Key words: flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; wastewater; lead; spectral lines
(上接第21页)
The Improvement of Xiaohuigou Coal Mine Local Ventilator Dedicated Power Supply Scheme
Han Dezhu
Abstract: Mainly for Xiaohuigou Coal Mine local ventilator dedicated power supply plan before and after the improvement of safety and reliability, briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the improved scheme and the improved economic benefits and social benefits.
Key words: coal mine; local ventilator; power supply; improved scheme
Key words: turbine; closed cooling water system; energy conservation; transformation
(上接第19页)
参考文献
[1]刘菊青,方斌.浅谈机电一体化技术在煤矿生产的应用及推广[J].山东工业技术,2013(9).
[2]李萍.煤矿机电一体化的技术应用和节能改造探讨[J].科学之友,2013(10).
[3]颜平.机电一体化产品在平顶山天安煤业生产中的应用与探讨[J].机电信息,2010(4).
[4]闫立伟.机电技术一体化技术在当前我国煤矿开采中的应用[J].电源技术应用,2013(12).
〔编辑:白洁〕
On the Practical Application of Mechatronics and Future Mine Development
Ding Liao
Abstract: Mechatronics technology in coal production and more widely, it can not only improve the safety of coal mine production operations, but also reduce the miners labor intensity and improve work efficiency, coal mining enterprises tremendous economic benefits. Based on this, the practical application of mechatronics mine and future development are briefly discussed.
Key words: coal; mechatronics; application; development
(上接第20页)
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Measurement of Lead in Wastewater
Lin Songhe
Abstract: Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry can effectively detect metal ion content in wastewater, wastewater treatment methods to determine.
Key words: flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; wastewater; lead; spectral lines
(上接第21页)
The Improvement of Xiaohuigou Coal Mine Local Ventilator Dedicated Power Supply Scheme
Han Dezhu
Abstract: Mainly for Xiaohuigou Coal Mine local ventilator dedicated power supply plan before and after the improvement of safety and reliability, briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the improved scheme and the improved economic benefits and social benefits.
Key words: coal mine; local ventilator; power supply; improved scheme